Different Styles of Learning

1. TRIVIA!!!
YOUR BRAIN GETS BORED?
Once you’re familiar
with a particular
subject, your brain
actually reduces blood
flow to those areas.
That leads to
daydreaming,
attention loss, and
general apathy.
DID YOU KNOW THAT

2. What kind of book would
you like to read for fun?
A book with
lots of
pictures in
it
A book with
lots of words
in it
A book with
word searches
or crossword
puzzles
A B C

3. When you are not sure how to
spell a word, what are you
most likely to do?
Write it
down to see
if it looks
right
Spell it out loud
to see if it
sounds right
Trace the letters in
the air (finger
spelling)
A B C

4. Different Styles of
Learning

5. INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOME :
•Distinguish the different styles of Learning

6. Learning Styles and Meaning:
a. Keefe and Monk (1986) view Learning styles as the characteristic, cognitive, affective and
psychological behavior that serve as relatively stable indicators of how learners perceive, interact
with respond to the learning environment ("creating an Enhanced Learning", 2001)
b. Dunn and Dunn(2001,p.1) define learning style as the way in which the learner begins
to concentrate, process, and retain new and difficult information("Creating an Enhanced
Learning", 2001)
c. Schmeck defines learning style as a predisposition on the part of some learners to
adopt a particular learning strategy regardless of the specific demands of the learning
task. (Creating an Enhanced Learning ", 2001)

7. Learning Styles and Meaning:
d. Learning style refers to the preferential way in which the student absorbs, processes,
comprehends and retain information. For example, when learning to build a bicycle some
students understand the process by reading and following the manual of instruction first,
while some students, readily and immediately get hold of the bicycle parts and proceed to
put them together. Cognitive, emotional, environmental and prior experience factors
relate to one's learning style("What Teacher Teach, n. d.)
e. Learning Style refers to the unique or particular way a person approaches learning and
studying

8. LEARNING POINT: THE FLUID NATURE OF LEARNING STYLES
The nature of learning style: ("Overview of learning styles", 2008)
A. Each person prefers different learning styles and techniques
B. Learning styles group common ways that people learn.
C. Everyone has a mix of learning styles
D. One May use different styles in different circumstances
E. There is no right mix of learning styles, nor is there a fixed learning
styles
F. There is no best learning style, nor is there bad learning style

9. LEARNING POINT: THE FLUID NATURE OF LEARNING STYLES
Learning style is best defined as an approach to studying,
understanding and eventually learning a material.
Individual differences in learning styles can be explained by
heredity (intellectual level) and upbringing (child-rearing) and
environmental demands (school lessons).
The study of learning styles reveals how individuals perceive and
process information.

10. LEARNING POINT: THE FLUID NATURE OF LEARNING STYLES
1. Concrete vs Abstract perceivers
Concrete perceivers
- absorb informations through direct
experience by doing, acting, sensing,
and feeling
Abstract perceivers
-process information through analysis,
observation, and thinking.

11. LEARNING POINT: THE FLUID NATURE OF LEARNING STYLES
2. Active vs Reflective processors
Active processors
- make sense of an experience by
immediately using the information
Reflective processors
-make sense of the new information
by reflecting on it and by thinking about it.

12. HOW DOES THE STUDY OF LEARNING STYLES IMPACT ON EDUCATIONS?
A. Educators must not only focus on the traditional skills of analysis, reasoning, and
problem solving. But they should also allow opportunity for intuition, feeling, sensing and
imagination when the students are confronted with instructional materials.
B. Teaching methods should be such that they"connect" to the identified learning styles,
using various combinations of experience, reflection, conceptualization, and
experimentation. A wide variety of experiential elements into the classroom such as
music, visuals, movement, experience should be introduced in the classroom. This will
ensure a higher chance of addressing all the learning styles of the students.
C. Teachers should develop and possess a good feel and knowledge of the learning styles
of their students so that they could better guide them on the best or most effective ways
of responding to and dealing with learning materials. This should enable the students to
have a better control of their learning

13. It would be good to know the concern of experts regarding developments in the study of
learning styles. More recently, the claims regarding this concern are the following
("No Evidence to Back Idea of Learning Styles," 2017).
A. There is no coherent framework of preferred learning styles. In fact other studies found much
more than the three learning styles.
B. Categorizing individuals can lead to assumption of fixed or rigid learning style which can impair
motivation to apply oneself to adapt.
C. Systematic studies on effectiveness of learning styles found either very weak or no evidence to
support the hypothesis that meshing material to learning style is more effective for educational
attainment. Students will improve if they think about how they learn but not because the material
is matched to their supposed learning style.
D. Everyone has a mix of learning styles. Some people may find that they havea dominant style of
learning, with less use of the other styles. Some may use a particular learning style for different
circumstances. There is no right mix. Nor are learning styles fixed.

14. The VARK model of learning according to Neil Fleming

15. The VARK model of learning according to Neil Fleming
Visual Auditory
Reading/Writing Kinesthetic
Preference for the use of maps,
images and graphic organizers to
access and understand new
information.
Preference for listening and speaking
situations, such as lectures and
discussion, to understand new
information.
Preference for reading and writing
to learn new information. These
learners learn best through words.
They are fast note-takers or avid
readers.
Preference for tactile representation of
information. These students learn better
through hands-on activities or figuring
out things using the hand.

16. Seven major learning
styles according to
Ferriman
Visual (spatial)
Aural (auditory-musical)
•Preference for using pictures, images,
diagrams, colors, mind maps to
understand material, to organize
information and communicate with
others.
•Preference for using sound,
rhythm, music, recording, clever
rhymes to learn new information.
The aural learner likes to work
with sounds and music.

17. Seven major learning
styles according to
Ferriman
Verbal (linguistic)
Physical (kinesthetic)
Preference for using words, both in
speech and in writing to assist in
their learning. They make the most
of word-based techniques, scripting
and reading content aloud. Verbal
learners, find it easy to express
themselves both in written and oral
language
Preference for using hands, body and
sense of touch, to learn about the
world. The activities most likely one
likes to engage in are sports, exercise.
gardening or woodworking.

18. Seven major learning
styles according to
Ferriman
Logical (mathematical)
Solitary (intrapersonal)
Preference to use logic, reasoning and
systems to understand concepts. One with
logical mathematical learning style can easily
recognize patterns, even in seemingly
meaningless and disconnected materials.
Preference to work alone and use self-
study and analys These learners tend
to be private, introspective and
independent." Thus the ability to
concentrate well on particular topics.

19. Seven major learning
styles according to
Ferriman
Social (interpersonal)
Preference to learning in roups, and as much as
possible, with other people. These learners tend to
communicate well with other people, verbally or non-
verbally. They like to stay around after class, and talk to
people.

20. A. through concrete experience
- putting learned material into practice
B. through reflective observation
- analyzing objectively the outcome
C. through abstract conceptualization
and generalization
- reviewing conceptual understanding
D. through active experimentation
- experimenting to find solutions
to a problem
Kolb's Basic Learning Styles

21. Kolb's concept of the following learning styles
A. Converger
•This person relies mainly on
abstract conceptualization and
active experimentation.
•He excels best in the
practical application of ideas, as
well as in situations that require
only one best or correct answer or
solution to a problem.

22. Kolb's concept of the following learning styles
B.Diverger
•This person is best at
reflective and concrete experience.
•He has an imaginative ability
to view concrete situations from
many perspectives.
•He excels in generating ideas
and in brainstorming.

23. Kolb's concept of the following learning styles
C. Assimilator
•This person predominantly uses
abstract conceptualization and reflection.
•He likes to create theoretical
models.
•He is successful in inductive reasoning
and in assimilating disparate observations
into an integrative explanation.
•He is less interested in people
and is not concerned with practical
applications of theories.

24. Kolb's concept of the following learning styles
D. Accommodator
•This person uses concrete
experience and active experimentation.
•He is best at carrying out plans
and experiments.He takes risks and is
adaptable to specific and immediate
circumstances.
•He uses his instincts to solve
problems in trial and error manner.
•Relies more on others for
information rather than on himself.

25. Honey and Mumford Learning Styles
A. Activist
—Enjoys the experience itself
B. Reflector
—Spends a great deal of time and
effort reflecting
C. Theorist
—Good at making connections and
abstracting ideas from experience
D. Pragmatist
—enjoys the planning stage

26. Li-Fang Zhang and Sternberg organized previous work on learning styles into three traditions or
groups:
A. Cognitive-centered styles
—They assess the ways people process information as for example a reflective
or an impulsive way of responding to the information (Kaaga, 1976).
B. Personality-centered styles
—They asses more stable personality traits as either being extroverted or
introverted or relying on thinking versus feeling (Myers & McCaulley, 1988).
C. Activity-centered styles
—They assess a combination of cognition and personality traits that affect
how people approach activities, and as such, this may be of more interest to teachers.

27. Classroom Implications
Educators normally refer to fundamental learning styles as auditory, visual, and tactile.
Auditory instruction is by far the weakest in terms of reaching teaching-learning objectives.
Visual perception is an essential component of the learning process for most people.
Listening and seeing, then, are vital requirements in the learning process for most children and adults.
But it is the hands-on approach that characterizes effective teaching in today's classroom.
Learning styles are an important consideration to any teacher who is determined to succeed.

28. After having our discussion did you examine what learning styles
you have? And what is the importance of knowing our learning
styles?

30. Thank you...
B y :
M i c h e l l e D a y o n
a n d
C h e r r y M a e E n r i q u e z