these slides explain the media and different act imposed on media from 1799 to 1947.

1. Abdul Wali Khan University
Mardan

2. Group
members
• SAMI UD DIN
• MUHAMMAD
JAMAL KHAN
• ZARYAB
KHATTAK

4. A mass
communication in the
form of printed
publication such as
news papers,
magazines, books…
Print media

6.  Portuguese started printing press in subcontinent.
 Printing press developed in Goa 1557.
 Main objective of printing press to promote Christian
literature.
 In different cities the established of printing press…
 Bombay 1674
 Madras 1772
 Bangla 1778
 Calcutta 1779

7. •William bolt in 1776 shows his
interest in publishing a newspaper
but it was deported ultimately by
east India company
• in 1780 first printed newspaper
‘’Bengal Gazette’’ or Hicky gazette
published by James Augustus
Hicky.
• Nov 1781 ‘’India Gazette was
introduced by pro Govt in against
of Hicky gazette.
• With this haphazard scenario
many newspaper came into being
like….
• Calcutta chronicle’
• Bengal journal,
• Bombay herald,
• Madras courier
Print media in
subcontinent

8.  Media laws is a legal field that relates to legal
regulation of telecommunication industry press,
broadcasting, advertising, censorship, internet and
online service etc…
 The first law enforcement against the English newspaper
was carried in 1799 and called lord’s Wellesley press act,
1799

9.  According to this Act….
 Publisher had to print his name at the bottom of the
newspaper.
 The owner and editor of the newspaper were bound to
inform the government about his address.
 No newspaper could be published without the
inspection of government secretary.
 The person, who would not abide by the above rules,
would be deported to Europe immediately.

10.  The proof sheets of all newspapers, including
supplements and all extra publication should be sent
to the Secretary to the Government before publication.
 Proof sheets of all advertisements should be sent to
the Secretary of the Government before publication.

11.  Lord Hastings issued directions for the newspapers
that they should not publish:
 Unfriendliness towards the actions of Public
Institutions of England associated with Indian
Government.
 Criticism on the political judgments regarding
stability of the sub-continent.

12.  In 1818 the first bangali weekly newspaper
”Digdarshan’’ published.
 This was the born of local language newspapers.
 Mirat-ul-akhbar was started by Raja ram Mohan in
Persian language.
 Jam-e- Jahan Nama’, first Urdu newspaper
appeared on the scene from Calcutta in 1822.
 Urdu was not a popular language at that time,
therefore, it was later converted into a bilingual
newspaper.

13. The acting Governor General John Adam
who had reactionary views enacted the act
due to native started thinking to publish
newspaper in their own language.

14.  Every printer and publisher had to obtain a license
from the Governor General for starting a press.
 The application for obtaining a license must contain
names of the newspaper, editor, printer and its owner.
 In case of hiring or firing of any person associated with
the paper, the Governor General should be informed.

15.  The Governor General had the right to cancel a license or
call for a fresh application.
 The penalty for printing any literature without the
obligatory license was Rs. 400 for each such publication.
 These restriction directed to local language.
 Miratul-ul-akhbar had to stop publication.
 Charles Metcalf abolished these acts.

16.  Charles Metcalf was a governor general (1835-36) and
abolished the licensing regulation act 1823 and earned
‘liberator of Indian press’ according to…..
 A declaration would be needed to publish a newspaper. If
place of printing would be changed, a new declaration
would have to be submitted.
 The Printer and publisher would be responsible for the
material published in a newspaper.

17.  The printer and publisher of every newspaper would
be required to declare the location of the premises of
its publication.
 Violation would be five thousand rupees fine and two
year imprisonment.

18.  When the war of independence began, British
government wanted to restrict the freedom of press
completely so they victimized different local papers
claiming that this war is the result of that freedom
which was given by Govt. to local media.
 At that time, the press regulation 1823 were
maintained in the form of a new act known Gagging
act or licensing Act

19.  The Act prohibited the keeping or using of printing press
without a license from the Government.
 The Government reserved the discretionary right to grant
licenses or revoke them at any time.
 The Government was also empowered to ban the
publication/circulation of any newspaper, book or other
printed matter.
 In case of violation the Government will seize the printing
press.

20.  After the war British came out victorious.
 Sadaq-al-Akhbar edited by Syed Jamiluddin and Delhi
Urdu Akhbar edited by Maulvi Muhammad Baqir were
closed down by the Govt. as a punishment to stand against
them.
 Maulvi M. baqir was even murdered as punishment of its
rebellious writing.
 The number of publications dropped from 35 in 1853 to 12
in 1858.

21.  Vernacular Press Act, in British India, law enacted in
1878 to curtail the freedom of the Indian-language
(i.e., non-English) press. Proposed by Lord Lytton,
then viceroy of India (governed 1876–80), the act was
intended to prevent the vernacular press from
expressing criticism of British policies—notably, the
opposition that had grown with the outset of
the Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878–80). The act
excluded English-language publications. It elicited
strong and sustained protests from a wide spectrum of
the Indian populace.

22.  Newspaper (Incitement to Offences) Act 1908 and
Indian Press Act, 1910: All these acts applied by
British to suppress propaganda for Free India
Movement, gather at one place to discuss anything,
to oppress/weaken the voice of Extremist as well as
Moderates.
 Under the newspaper Act 1908, the Government
launched prosecutions against nine newspapers and
seized seven press.

23.  Khilafat movement was a religio-political movement launched
by the Muslims of British India for not handing over the control
of Muslims holy places to non Muslims.
 When Khilafat movement started in 1914 Muslims journalist
played a very vital role to navigate the direction of the struggle.
 Comrade and Hamdard of Molana Muhammad Ali Johar.
 Al-Hilal and Al-Balagh of Molana Abul Kalam Azad.
 Zmindar Of Molana Zafar Ali Khan.
 Urdu e Mualla of Molana Hasrat Mohani.
 These Muslim journalists and their papers were sentenced and
sanctioned several times.
 In 1910 another press act was enforced by the Govt.
 The Press Act of 1910 was legislation promulgated in British India imposing
strict censorship on all kinds of publications.
 Under this press act only Zmindar had to pay security for times.

24.  In 1929 after the failure of all parties conference in
which Hindus rejected demands presented by Muslims
leaders and refused to adjust them in anyway, Indian
politics divided into Hindu and Muslims politics
similarly Hindu journalism and Muslim journalism.

25.  This Act gave sweeping powers to provincial government to
suppress propaganda for Civil Disobedience Movement. It
was further amplified in 1932 to include all activities
calculated to undermine government authority.
 During the second world war, pre-censorship was
reinforced and there was a time when the publication of
all news related to the Congress activities were declared
illegal.
 In 1942, Congress started Quit India Movement which
became quite violent, press laws were amended again by
the government to control them, strict actions were taken
against newspapers that supported this movement and
most of them were Hindu Newspapers.