The document summarizes physiographic regions and rock types in India. It discusses the following key points: - India has two coastal plains - a narrow western coast and a broader eastern coast, both formed by river deposition. The western coast has creeks and backwaters favorable to fisheries. - The two major archipelagos are the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and the Lakshadweep Islands. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands have mountain ranges formed by volcanic activity. - There are three main rock types - igneous rocks formed from cooled magma like granite and basalt, stratified or sedimentary rocks formed from pressure like limestone and coal, and metamorphic rocks formed

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Hema Goswami
Teacher
Chapter 14
9th Class

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Physiographic Region of India
4) Coastal Plains
i) Narrow Belt of Plains
ii) Peninsular Plateau is surrounded by coastal plain
iii) From Kachcha to Odisha
iv) Two Parts:
v) a)Western- (Gujarat to Kerala),
-also known as Malabar coast
- much narrow,
-Creeks(Khaadi) developed by western
coast,
-provides favorable condition for fishery
- Ports: Mumbai and Marmagao
- Developed backwaters- Known as kayal
in Kerala

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Second Page :
vi) East Coast Plain
- Broader than west coast
- Alluvial Deposition in the deltas of kaveri, Krishna,
Godavari and Mahanadi
vii) Northern coast plain- North sircar coast
viii) Tamil nadu coast known as Coromandel coast

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5) Archipelagos
1. Andaman-
Nicobar
2. Lakshadweep
3. Above two are
major
archipelagos
4. Smaller island in
Lakshdweep-
having shape of
horse-shoe also
called Atolls

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Andaman and Nicobar
• Mountain ranges in Andaman and Nicobar
• Some formed due to Volcanic activity
• Island spread over 350 km
• Active Volvano: Barren , Narkondam

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• Thus there is Diversity in the physical
feature of India
• Northern fertile plains also called
Storehouse of grains
• Southern plateau is rich in Minerals

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Rocks
• Made up of one or more mineral
• Hard, soft, porous and non-porous, light,
heavy
• Three categories of Rocks:-
• i) Igneous
• Ii) Stratified
• Iii) Metamorphosis

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Igneous (Agneya) Rocks
• Formed from Intense heat in the interior of earth
• Magma: Matter in semi liquid state
• When magma cools down then Igneous rocks
are formed.
• Primary Rocks: first in sequence for the
formation of crust.
• Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, southern
peninsula
• Eg- Granite and Basalt

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Stratified Rocks
• Formed by the pressure of deposited
broken rocks of Igneous under water (also
known as sedimentary rock)
• There are layers of rocks which are
constantly making pressure to the bottom.
Hence stratified rocks have formed.
• Eg. Gypsum,Limestone, coal
• Place: Bihar and Jharkhand

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Metamorphic rocks
• Formed with the combine effect of high
temperature and pressure of rock’s layer
• Eg. Marble and Quartzite

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Minerals
• Formed with organic or inorganic process
• It has a specific organic composition
• Interior of the earth
• Three forms : Solid, Liquid, gaseous

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Minerals from different Rocks
• Igneous Rock:- Iron, Copper, Nickel, Gold,
Silver etc
• Stratified Rocks:- Coal, Mineral Oil, natural
gas etc
• Metamorphic rocks: Slate, Marble,
Diamond etc
• In our day to day life 200 minerals are
used directly pr indirectly

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Classification of Minerals
• 1)Metallic Minerals:-
• A) Precious- Gold, silver and platinum
• B) Light- Magnesium, Boxite, Titanium etc
• C) General Use:- Iron, Copper, Lead, Zinc
etc
• D) Alloys: Chromium, Manganese,
Tungsten, etc

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2. Non-Metallic
• Limestone, Chalk, Asbestos, Mica,
Gypsum, Diamond etc
• 3. Energy Resource:- Coal, Mineral oil and
natural gas, thorium etc

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• Works Cited
• Shri Salim S. Qurishi, Dr. Bimal, Shri
Devangkumar, Shri Prakash, Dr. Jignasha,
Shri Rajendrakumar, shri Vasantrai, Shri
Manish, Shri Nanda, Dr. Shahida. shei
Bhaveshbhai. Social Science, Standard
9th . Gandhinagar: Dr. M.I Joshi, 2016.
•