This document summarizes research on improving cattle profitability for smallholder farmers in Vietnam. The researchers used an integrated modeling approach and household surveys to understand current farming systems and constraints. They developed scenarios to test options like growing forage crops, introducing tree legumes, improving cattle management practices, and increasing herd size. Simulation results showed these changes could eliminate feed deficits, increase cattle sales and weights, and double farmers' gross margins. The researchers are now collaborating with farmers to test the most promising "best bet" options identified.
This is the 4th presentation in a 4-part series on the ethnic marketing of lamb and mutton. The presentation was given by Dr. Richard Ehrhardt from Michigan State University.
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on September 21, 2017 at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
This is the 4th presentation in a 4-part series on the ethnic marketing of lamb and mutton. The presentation was given by Dr. Richard Ehrhardt from Michigan State University.
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on September 21, 2017 at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Presented by Mirja Michalscheck, Wageningen University of Research at the Africa RISING–CSISA Joint Monitoring and Evaluation Meeting, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 11-13 November 2013
At present, the farmers concentrate mainly on crop production which is subjected to a high degree of uncertainty in income and employment to the farmers. In this contest, it is imperative to evolve suitable strategy for augmenting the income of a farm.
KMDP has built up rich knowledge and experience as regards good practice forage production and preservation for smallholder, medium and large scale dairy farms (from seed to feed). In addition to that, it has successfully piloted commercialization of quality forages and of forage contracting services. This was achieved through the SPEN model and the concept of “maize train” (i.e. mechanized agricultural contracting services for maize production, harvesting and silage making), and by facilitating introduction of innovative machinery for making baled silages. Through replication and upscaling, this will ensure enhanced access of quality forages for small medium and large-scale dairy farms.
In 2018 KMDP-II also started a pilot on introduction of feed rationing software to help optimizing total rations and margin over feeds. KMDP participates in sector platforms that discuss forage availability in Kenya and supported the National Fodder Conference in Nakuru in December 2017 and the Animal Production Society in Nanyuki in March 2018
Presented by Aberra Adie, Asresu Yitayew, Birhanu Demeke, Yeshiwas Ferede, Likawent Yeheyis, Melkamu Bezabih, Petra Schmitter and Michael Blümmel at the Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Small Scale Irrigation Stakeholders Consultation Meeting, Addis Ababa, May 2018
Genetic Enhancement of Lentil for Adaptation to Various Cropping Systems an...ICARDA
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NEADAP Forage Scan of East Africa Presentation 13 August 2019ProDairy E.A. Ltd
In addition to the generally low quality of fresh and preserved forages due to relaxed management practices and unimproved forage seeds and planting material, there is seasonality in the quantity and quality of forage available. Most areas experience an acute shortage of supply during the dry season and the available forages during this period is of very poor quality. At present, the feeding costs of East Africa dairy farmers represent 60-70% of the total production cost of one litre of milk.
Farmers Livestock School in Goat Production is a series of seminar and workshop conducted in Balanga, Bataan. It was conducted by the City Veterinary Office of City Government of Balanga. The activity includes a series of topics about goat breeding, goat nutrition, goat business, dairy goat and meat goat production, housing and facilities in goat production and other aspect in goat production business.
Presented by Mirja Michalscheck, Wageningen University of Research at the Africa RISING–CSISA Joint Monitoring and Evaluation Meeting, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 11-13 November 2013
At present, the farmers concentrate mainly on crop production which is subjected to a high degree of uncertainty in income and employment to the farmers. In this contest, it is imperative to evolve suitable strategy for augmenting the income of a farm.
Similar to Improving cattle profitability in mixed crop-livestock systems in south central coastal Vietnam using an integrated modelling approach. David Parsons
KMDP has built up rich knowledge and experience as regards good practice forage production and preservation for smallholder, medium and large scale dairy farms (from seed to feed). In addition to that, it has successfully piloted commercialization of quality forages and of forage contracting services. This was achieved through the SPEN model and the concept of “maize train” (i.e. mechanized agricultural contracting services for maize production, harvesting and silage making), and by facilitating introduction of innovative machinery for making baled silages. Through replication and upscaling, this will ensure enhanced access of quality forages for small medium and large-scale dairy farms.
In 2018 KMDP-II also started a pilot on introduction of feed rationing software to help optimizing total rations and margin over feeds. KMDP participates in sector platforms that discuss forage availability in Kenya and supported the National Fodder Conference in Nakuru in December 2017 and the Animal Production Society in Nanyuki in March 2018
Presented by Aberra Adie, Asresu Yitayew, Birhanu Demeke, Yeshiwas Ferede, Likawent Yeheyis, Melkamu Bezabih, Petra Schmitter and Michael Blümmel at the Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Small Scale Irrigation Stakeholders Consultation Meeting, Addis Ababa, May 2018
Genetic Enhancement of Lentil for Adaptation to Various Cropping Systems an...ICARDA
Genetic Enhancement of Lentil for Adaptation to Various Cropping Systems and Nutritional Security in South Asia
2-13 September 2019. New Delhi, India. Over 8,000 participants from all over the world participated in COP14.
Presentation by Ashutosh Sarker
NEADAP Forage Scan of East Africa Presentation 13 August 2019ProDairy E.A. Ltd
In addition to the generally low quality of fresh and preserved forages due to relaxed management practices and unimproved forage seeds and planting material, there is seasonality in the quantity and quality of forage available. Most areas experience an acute shortage of supply during the dry season and the available forages during this period is of very poor quality. At present, the feeding costs of East Africa dairy farmers represent 60-70% of the total production cost of one litre of milk.
Farmers Livestock School in Goat Production is a series of seminar and workshop conducted in Balanga, Bataan. It was conducted by the City Veterinary Office of City Government of Balanga. The activity includes a series of topics about goat breeding, goat nutrition, goat business, dairy goat and meat goat production, housing and facilities in goat production and other aspect in goat production business.
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
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Improving cattle profitability in mixed crop-livestock systems in south central coastal Vietnam using an integrated modelling approach. David Parsons
1. Improving cattle profitability in mixed crop-
livestock systems in south central coastal
Vietnam using an integrated modelling approach
Parsons D, McDonald C, NX Ba, DT Tuan, Lisson S,
Corfield J, LD Phung, NH Quan, NH Van, LD Ngoan,
Lane P
2. Q. Can we use modelling tools to design
improved farming systems for smallholder
beef producers in Vietnam?
TIAR – research • development • extension • education • training
3. “Better Integration of Beef
Cattle Production with Crop
Production Systems in South-
Central Coastal Vietnam”
•4-year ACIAR funded project
•Commenced in 2009
UTAS/TIAR
CSIRO
Hue University
Research and Development
Centre for Animal Husbandry
TIAR – research • development • extension • education • training
4. Background
•Farming systems are based on livestock, subsistence rice crops,
and cash crops (e.g. cassava, peanuts, and cashews)
•Increasing demand for beef in the major urban centres and
consequent high beef prices
TIAR – research • development • extension • education • training
5. Constraints
low fertility sandy soils
high temperatures, long dry season, flooding
limited quantity and quality of feeds
poor livestock production
long calving intervals
high calf mortality rates
low growth rates
low cattle productivity and efficiency
TIAR – research • development • extension • education • training
6. Objective
Use a farming systems research approach to explore the
opportunities and constraints to increasing the profitability of
smallholders in south central coastal Vietnam.
TIAR – research • development • extension • education • training
7. Defining the Farming System
•Detailed household surveys (~60 households/commune)
•On-farm biophysical monitoring (~10 households/commune)
cattle were weighed regularly
inventories of local feedstuffs
Trialled potential suitable forage varieties
•Workshops with farmers and other stakeholders (~20 people/
commune)
•Interviews with leaders, officials
•Focus group discussions (~5 people/commune).
TIAR – research • development • extension • education • training
8. Seasonal farming calendar for Cat Trinh
Commune, Binh Dinh Province, Vietnam
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Rainfall Drizzling rain Dry Season Very high rainfall Rain
Main crops
Winter – Spring rice Summer-Autumn rice
Rice crop crop Third rice crop
Cassava Growing season
Peanut Winter - Spring crop Summer - Autumn crop
Cashew Harvesting Planting Harvesting
Cattle activities
Breeding Calving Mating
Grazing Grazing Less grazing More grazing
Rice Straw use More in ration Less in ration
Cultivated grass use
Cut and carry grass
Peanut vine use
Body condition Low High Low
Prices High
TIAR – research • development • extension • education • training
9. The Integrated Analysis Tool (IAT)
•IAT was used to simulate crop, forages and livestock activities
within local farming systems and assess their economic and
social feasibility.
•‘Best-bet’ options were chosen based on analysing the system
and experience with application of practices that have been
successful in other similar situations.
TIAR – research • development • extension • education • training
10. Integrated Analysis Tool
Livestock
Livestock yield Economic
Inputs
Climate model model
Outputs
Soil Herd structure Cattle,
Management Forage yield
& management
Crop, forage yield crop,
Price forage,
Costs profit,
Labour labour
Machinery
APSIM
(Crop/forage model)
Feasible / most profitable strategy
11. Baseline
Scenario Cut & carry Animals sold Cattle sale Fodder Gross Margin Final cash
kg/day over 10 years weight (kg) surplus (M VND/year) balance (M
(kg/month) VND)
Baseline: 0.2 ha rice (3 crops); 0.1 ha cassava on upland; 0.2 ha peanut on upland; 1 cow; fed cut &
carry of 20 kg/day plus supplements; 90 % retention of rice and peanut straw.
Baseline 20 5-6 200 -1600 10 48
•Farmers were making sufficient income to cover their living costs
•Forage deficit of around 1600kg
•3 years to get animals to a marketable size.
TIAR – research • development • extension • education • training
12. Scenario 1 - Elephant grass
Scenario Cut & carry Animals sold Cattle sale Fodder surplus Gross Margin Final cash
kg/day over 10 years weight (kg) (kg/month) (M VND/year) balance (M
VND)
Baseline 20 5-6 200 -1600 10 48
Scenario 1 Grow 0.1ha grass on upland, plus 0.1ha in backyard; increase cut & carry to 25kg/day
25 5-6 225 0 10 51
•Improved the feed supply to animals, increased the animal sale weight, and
eliminated the forage deficit.
TIAR – research • development • extension • education • training
13. Scenario 2 – tree legumes
Scenario Cut & carry Animals sold Cattle sale Fodder surplus Gross Margin Final cash
kg/day over 10 years weight (kg) (kg/month) (M VND/year) balance (M
VND)
Baseline 20 5-6 200 -1600 10 48
Scenario 2 As above, and grow 100m of tree legume
25 7-8 300 4000 10-15 79
•Improved forage quality and increased calving rate and
liveweight gain, as well as providing a forage surplus.
TIAR – research • development • extension • education • training
14. Scenario 3 – improved husbandry
Scenario Cut & carry Animals sold Cattle sale Fodder surplus Gross Margin Final cash
kg/day over 10 years weight (kg) (kg/month) (M VND/year) balance (M
VND)
•Introduction of controlled mating (annual calving) and early 48
Baseline 20 5-6 200 -1600 10
weaningAsof calves increased cattle sales to 9 over the 10-year
Scenario 3 above with seasonal mating and early weaning
period (Scenario 4). 8-9
25 350 3500 10-20 95
•increased animals sales, sale weight
TIAR – research • development • extension • education • training
15. Scenario 4 - extra cow
Scenario Cut & carry Animals sold Cattle sale Fodder surplus Gross Margin Final cash
kg/day over 10 years weight (kg) (kg/month) (M VND/year) balance (M
VND)
Baseline 20 5-6 200 -1600 10 48
Scenario 4 As above, increase number of cows to 2, cut & carry to 35kg
35 14-15 300 -1500 15-20 154
•increased animals sales and cash balance
TIAR – research • development • extension • education • training
16. Implementing ‘Best-bet’ options
•Using a farming systems approach we identified numerous
possible options to improve livestock production and
household welfare.
•The simulation results suggest that the following management
practices can greatly improve the profitability of a household:
•improved forages
•introduction of tree legumes
•improved cattle management
•herd size
TIAR – research • development • extension • education • training
17. Results so far
These options are currently being tested in collaboration with
15 farmers in each study commune.
TIAR – research • development • extension • education • training
South-central coastal Vietnamese farming systems are based on growing livestock, subsistence rice crops, and cash crops such as cassava, peanuts, and cashews. Increasing demand for beef in the major urban centres and consequent high beef prices provide opportunities for increased farmer income.
Cattle production is constrained by: limited resources, low fertility sandy soils, and harsh climatic conditions (high temperatures, long dry season, flooding in the wet season). Expanding cattle production is restricted by:the limited quantity and quality of feedspoor husbandry practices leading to long calving intervals, high calf mortality rates, low growth rates, and consequently low cattle productivity and efficiency.
Model output from baseline and various intervention strategies in Binh Dinh, run over a 10 year period. Final cash balance values do not take into account hired labour costs.
Some farmers are reporting labour savings of up to 2 hours/day
Explaining to extension workers his preference for various forages he has been testing.