The document discusses feeding and nutrition for goats. It describes different feeding systems including extensive, semi-intensive, and intensive systems. It also discusses the nutrient requirements of goats and appropriate sources like grasses, legumes, and concentrates to meet their needs for energy, protein, minerals, and vitamins. Specific feeding guidelines and examples from local goat farms are provided.

1. Topic: Goat Feeds and Feeding
City Government of Balanga
City Veterinary Office
Agricultural Training Institute
in Goat Production
Farmers’
Livestock
School
In Partnership with
2019
May 31, 2019
TESDA Hall, San Jose, Balanga City, Bataan

2. Pagpapakain ng
Alagang Kambing
in
Goat Production
Farmers’
Livestock
School

3. Types of System in Goat
Production
• Extensive System
• Free-grazing
• Tethering
• Semi-Intensive System (Free Grazing with
supplementation)
• Intensive System (Cut-and-Carry)

4. Free-Grazing
• Utilizing the “Goat’s
Instinct”
• Needed larger pasture
area
• Less labor requirement
• May require fencing
and pasture
management

5. Tethering
• Ideal for small
number of animals
• Ano ang advantage ng
pagsusuga ng
kambing?

6. Semi-Intensive
• Free grazing with
supplementation of
feeds
• Combines the
advantage of free
grazing and
supplementing with
concentrates
• Require large pasture
area

7. Cut-and-Carry System
• Labor Intensive
• Have the advantage
of better control of
feeding
• Require smaller land
area as source of
roughage

8. Production-Nutrient
Requirement
Relationship
Nutrient Requirements

9. Level of Nutrients of feedstuff for goats
Nutrient Level
Native grasses
Legume trees
Concentrates

10. Bakit hindi na
lang Feeds or
Concentrates
ang ipakain sa
kambing?

11. Goat’s Digestive System
Rumen
Microbes

12. Rules for goat feeding
1. Goats are ruminant. They need
fiber for normal function of the
rumen.
2. Goats can convert fibrous plant
materials into functional nutrients.
3. Goats with high production have
higher nutrient requirements.
Goats with lower production will
require lower nutrient intake.
4. Goats are browsers and prefer
upper plant materials

13. Paano malalaman
kung gaano
kadami ang
kelangang ipakain
sa kambing sa
bawat araw?

14. Goat consume
food (dry matter)
with a volume of
3% of body
weight per day?
3%

15. Answer:
0.6 kilograms (dry matter)
20 kgs x 3% = 0.6 kg
0.6 x (80/20) = 2.4 kgs
(fresh basis)
Moisture content of grass
Example:
Ilang kilong damo ang
ipapakain kada araw sa
isang 20 kilograms native
goat?

16. Kung mayroon ka 100
native na kambing na may
timbang na 20 kilograms
bawat isa, ang kailangan
mo damo na ipapakain ay:
240 kilograms
kada araw

17. Kung pinapastol ko ang mga alagang kambing,
gaano kalaki ang dapat na pastulan?

18. • Native Pasture- 5 goats per hectare
(freely grazing system)
• Improved Pasture- 10 goats per
hectare (freely grazing system)
• Cut-and-Carry System (irrigated and
fertilized legumes and improve
grasses) - 60 goats per hectare
Carrying Capacity of Land

19. Example:
Gaano kalaking pastulan ang kailangan sa 50
native goats?
Answer:
50 / 5 = 10 hectares (kung native pasture)
50/10 = 5 hectares (kung improved pasture)
Carrying capacity

20. Group Activity for 5 minutes:
Computation of needed feeds and forage area
NameofGoatRaiser
NumberofGoats
Averagebodyweightofgoat
Requiredamountoffoodperday(drymatterbasis)
Requiredamountoffoodperday(freshbasis)
Requiredareaforforage(hectares)

21. Bakit kailangang
magtanim ng
mga grasses and
legumes na
ipapakain sa
kambing?
Kelangan nga
ba?

22. Problems with Native
Pasture:
• Low nutrient levels
• Low digestibility
• Subjected to extreme
weather condition
which affects quality
• Can carry worm eggs
and larva from the
pasture
• Low palatability
• May contain toxic
substance

23. Resources/Consideration
Huge landforpasture Freely-grazing FreelygrazingwithSupplementation
Limitedlandforpasture Cut-and-carrysystem
Limitedman-power Freely-grazing FreelygrazingwithSupplementation
Native goats Freely-grazing
Upgradedgoats FreelygrazingwithSupplementation Cut-and-carrysystem
PurebreedBoer FreelygrazingwithSupplementation Cut-and-carrysystem
PurebreedDairytype FreelygrazingwithSupplementation Cut-and-carrysystem
HighProductionTarget Cut-and-carrysystem
Low ProductionTarget Freely-grazing
no.of animals=20-50 Freely-grazing FreelygrazingwithSupplementation
no.of animals=lessthan20 Freely-grazing
no.of animals=50andabove Cut-and-carrysystem
Recommendation

24. Forage Production
Advantages:
1. Better control of the quality of the
forage (cutting interval, nutrient
content, type and species of plants)
2. Self-sufficiency in terms of sources of
forage
3. Capability to produce forage during
summer months

25. Legumes for Cut-and-Carry System
Indigo
Ipil-ipil
Rensonii
Flemingia
• Higher Protein content
than grasses
• Lower herbage yield than
grasses

26. Grasses for Cut-and-Carry System
Sorghum
Corn
Napier
Guinea Grass
• High herbage
yield (high
carrying
capacity)
• Lower protein
compared to
legumes

27. Tanong:
Bakit kahit gaano
karaming damo
ang kinakain ng
alaga kong
kambing ay payat
pa rin?

28. Practical Goat Feeding
Grasses Legumes
Concentrates
Complete Nutrition

29. Darak
Mais
Kopra
UMMB
Example of Concentrates

30. Ang kambing ay nangangailangan ng mga
sustansya upang mapanatili ang kalusugan
at upang magamit sa growth, lactation,
physical activities and gestation.
Mga sustansyang kailangan ng kambing:
1.Water
2.Energy
3.Protein
4.Minerals
5.Vitamins

31. Water
-Cheapest among the Nutrients
-pwede makuha sa dahon na kinakain
-must be given fresh and in unlimited amount
-increases the requirement during lactation and hot weather

32. Energy
- Came from Sugar, Carbohydrates and Digestible Fibers of
Plant materials and Catabolism of Fats
- Expressed as Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN), Metabolizable
Energy (ME), or Digestible Energy (DE)
Corn- 88 TDN%
Napier- 9.3 TDN%

33. Sources of Energy
Cereals, Grains and Bran
Root Crops

34. Sources of Energy
Fruits
Silage Grasses

35. Sources of Protein
Beans and Peas

36. Sources of Protein
Leaves of Forage trees and shrub legumes

37. Sources of Protein
Fishmeal Meat and bone meal
Coprameal

38. Minerals
- Calcium, Phosphorus and NaCl are the major minerals
requiring supplementation especially in lactating animals
- Magnesium, Zinc, Potassium, Selenium, Copper and Iron are
relatively sufficiently supplied by the common pasture

39. Vitamins
- Most B Vitamins were obtained from pasture and synthesized
by rumen microbes
- Supplementation of Vitamin A, D, and E is necessary

40. Guidelines in Feeding Goats
• Early lactation (0-90 days post-partum) –
feed 1/2kg concentrates for every 1 liter of
milk produce
• Mid-late lactation– feed 1 kg concentrates
for every 1 liter of milk produce
• Last 2-3 weeks of pregnancy - feed 1 kg
concentrates
• Flushing of does (1 kg concentrates) 30 days
before introduction to buck
• Feed ½-1 kg concentrates to breeding buck
2-4 weeks before and during the breeding
season

41. What is Flushing?
Flushing is the practice of feeding higher amount of
nutrients to female goat 1 month before the expected
breeding up to 2 weeks after breeding.

42. Example ng Pagpapakain sa ibang Farm
Daily ration of lactating goat producing average of 2 liters per day 1.8 kgs Chopped Napier
1.2 kilograms Concentrates
A Commercial Goat Farm in Laguna

43. Example ng Pagpapakain sa ibang Farm
Daily Ration during early Pregnancy of a Pure breed Anglo-
Nubian does 7 kilograms fresh Napier/ legumes
0.5 kilograms Concentrates
A Commercial Goat Farm in Laguna

44. Example ng Pagpapakain sa ibang Farm
Daily Ration of Breeding Does during FLUSHING
Ad libitum Napier grasses and rensonii
0.25 kilograms of ground corn
A Medium-Size Goat Farm in Pampanga

45. Example ng Pagpapakain sa ibang Farm
Daily Ration of 3-6 months old upgraded goats
2 kilograms of fresh Paragrass
A Medium-Size Goat Farm in Pampanga
2 Kilograms of Ipil-Ipil Leaves

46. Example ng Pagpapakain sa ibang Farm
Daily Ration of Purebred Boer buck during breeding season
0.5 kilograms of
concentrates(16%CP)
A Medium-Size Goat Farm in Pampanga
2 Kilograms of Ipil-Ipil Leaves
5 kilograms of fresh Napier