An ecosystem includes all living organisms in a given area, such as plants, animals, and microbes, interacting with each other and their non-living environments like weather, soil and climate. It is defined as a community of living organisms interacting with each other and their non-living surroundings. In an ecosystem, every component depends on every other component, so a change in one factor, such as temperature, can affect other components like what plants grow or how animals adapt. The whole earth contains a series of connected ecosystems often organized into biomes based on similar plant and animal types.

1. Ecosystem By: JOSHUA LANCE BRENT HONREJAS

2. An ecosystem includes all of the living things
(plants, animals and organisms) in a given area,
interacting with each other, and also with their non-
living environments (weather, earth, sun, soil, climate,
atmosphere).
What is an Ecosystem?
ECOSYSTEM

3. It is a community of living
organisms in conjunction with the
nonliving components of their
environment, interacting as a system.
ECOSYSTEM

4. ECOSYSTEM
Every factor in an ecosystem depends
on every other factor. A change in the
temperature of an ecosystem will often
affect what plants will grow there, for
instance. Animals that depend on plants
for food and shelter will have to adapt to the
changes, move to another ecosystem,
or perish.

5. ECOSYSTEM
Three major principles of ecosystem

6. ECOSYSTEM

7. ECOSYSTEM

8. ECOSYSTEM

9. ECOSYSTEM

10. ECOSYSTEM

11. ECOSYSTEM

12. ECOSYSTEM

13. ECOSYSTEM

14. ECOSYSTEM
The whole surface of Earth is a series of
connected ecosystems. Ecosystems are often
connected in a larger biome. Biomes are large
sections of land, sea, or atmosphere. Forests,
ponds, reefs, and tundra are all types of biomes.
They are organized very generally, based on the
types of plants and animals that live in them.

15. ECOSYSTEM
Components of an ecosystem

16. ECOSYSTEM
Abiotic components
 They form the environment and determine the type /
structure of ecosystem.
 Sunlight (temperature)
 Nutrients
 Rainfall, minerals, carbon, nitrogen,…..
 Type of ecosystems:
 Tropical rainforest,
 Desert,
 Tundra,
 Grassland
 Ocean
 River
 and etc.

17. ECOSYSTEM
Biotic components
 Producers (Autotrophs):
 All green plants. They use solar energy,
chlorophyll, inorganic nutrients and water to
produce their own food. (Photosynthesis)
 Consumers:
 They consume the organic compounds in plant
and animal tissues by eating.
Herbivores (plant feeders) Primary consumers
Carnivores (meat eaters) Secondary consumers
Omnivores (general feeders)

18. ECOSYSTEM
Biotic components
 Decomposers
 They are tiny organisms includes bacteria
and fungi, which turn organic compounds
in dead plants and animals into inorganic
materials.
 They cause the continual recirculation of
chemicals within ecosystem (nutrient cycle)

19. ECOSYSTEM
Biotic Interactions
– relationships between 2 living organisms.
Predation
When an organism,the predator,
kills and eats another organism,
its prey.

20. • Symbiosis
– Symbiosis is any type of a close and long-term
biological interaction between two different biological
organisms, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic.

21. • Competition
The competitive
exclusion principle says
that 2 species cannot
coexist if they occupy
exactly the same niche.

22. ECOSYSTEM
Threats to Ecosystems
For thousands of years, people have
interacted with ecosystems. Many cultures
developed around nearby ecosystems. As
human populations have grown, however,
people have overtaken many ecosystems.

23. ECOSYSTEM
Biotic members of an ecosystem, together with
their abiotic factors depend on each other. This means
the absence of one member or one abiotic factor can
affect all parties of the ecosystem.
Threats to Ecosystems

24. ECOSYSTEM
Unfortunately, ecosystems have been disrupted,
and even destroyed by natural disasters such as fires,
floods, storms and volcanic eruptions. Human
activities have also contributed to the disturbance of
many ecosystems and biomes.
Threats to Ecosystems

25. ECOSYSTEM
Rebounding
Ecosystems