The document discusses development in toddlers aged 1-3 years old. Key points include:
- Toddlers begin to recognize themselves in mirrors and photos, say "no", imitate words and actions, understand simple commands, show attachment to family, and help with simple tasks. They can play alone for short periods.
- Emotional development includes expressing a range of emotions like frustration, jealousy, and independence. They may have tantrums or bite.
- Caregivers should respond to needs, name feelings, set consistent rules, and help toddlers manage emotions in appropriate ways depending on cultural values.
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Get your quality homework help now and stand out.Our professional writers are committed to excellence. We have trained the best scholars in different fields of study.Contact us now at http://www.essaysexperts.net/ and place your order at affordable price done within set deadlines.We always have someone online ready to answer all your queries and take your requests.
This slide show accompanies the learner guide NCV 2 Early Childhood Development Hands-On Training by Melanie Vermaak, published by Future Managers Pty Ltd. For more information visit our website www.futuremanagers.net
Families
Peer Relations, Play, and Television
The Self, Gender, and Moral Development
Parenting styles
Adapting parenting to developmental changes in the child
Cultural, ethnic, and social class variations in family
Siblings relationship and birth order
The changing family in a changing society
Depressed parents
Adapting Parenting to Developmental Changes in the Child
Play is essential for children in early childhood stage, it is crucial for their various developments:
-cognitive development
-satisfied exploratory need
-master anxiety and conflict
-development communication skills
Various types of play adopted by children:
-symbolic play
-practice play
-social play
-constructive play
-game
Play-Based Learning: Benefits and How It WorksYCIS Beijing
Sponsored by Yew Chung International School of Beijing: http://www.ycis-bj.com/
Learning through play - how does it really work? Specific areas of a child's skills, knowledge and life that are improved by play-based learning programmes taught in school.
This slide show accompanies the learner guide NCV 2 Early Childhood Development Hands-On Training by Melanie Vermaak, published by Future Managers Pty Ltd. For more information visit our website www.futuremanagers.net
Families
Peer Relations, Play, and Television
The Self, Gender, and Moral Development
Parenting styles
Adapting parenting to developmental changes in the child
Cultural, ethnic, and social class variations in family
Siblings relationship and birth order
The changing family in a changing society
Depressed parents
Adapting Parenting to Developmental Changes in the Child
Play is essential for children in early childhood stage, it is crucial for their various developments:
-cognitive development
-satisfied exploratory need
-master anxiety and conflict
-development communication skills
Various types of play adopted by children:
-symbolic play
-practice play
-social play
-constructive play
-game
Play-Based Learning: Benefits and How It WorksYCIS Beijing
Sponsored by Yew Chung International School of Beijing: http://www.ycis-bj.com/
Learning through play - how does it really work? Specific areas of a child's skills, knowledge and life that are improved by play-based learning programmes taught in school.
Los 10 Principios de la Economia
Los economistas estudian. . .
¿cómo la gente toma sus decisiones?
¿cómo la gente interactúa unos con otros?
Las fuerzas y tendencias que afectan la economía como un todo.
The Little People of Tomorrow PreschoolAshley Covington, Cassa.docxoreo10
The Little People of Tomorrow Preschool
Ashley Covington, Cassandra Fredrick, David Gould, Shannon Kline, & April Underwood
Preschool Age
Preschool boys and girls are between the ages of 2 to five years old. They are very active and curious.
The Preschool Classroom
A preschool classroom needs to be organized, and the materials need to be accessible to all children,
Safety is the number one priority when it comes to preschoolers.
The furniture needs to be oversized and cushy.
The classroom should be divided into centers that are labeled so the children will associate the word with the activity.
All centers need to be visually accessible
Preschool Centers
Preschools need a classroom that is inviting and safe for the children to explore. It need to be spacious and provides a lot of room for them to explore.
Diverse Population
Read books that contain diverse characters
Look at magazines and photos that contain different cultures
Play games and use dolls that are of different diversities
Watch shows or videos that feature diverse population
Allow guest speakers to come in and share with the students
Talk and introduce about other languages
Teach about Geography
Make different foods for them to try
Play dress up to different customs
Decorate your room to incorporate diversity
Language Development
We as teachers and most of all parents, must never assume that a child is a certain age is just like everyone else. If you are a parent and are concerned about your child’s development, speak to the teacher and also consult with your child’s primary care provider.
Developmental Activities for Preschoolers
Make a scrapbook of favorite or familiar things by cutting out pictures. Group them into categories, such as things to ride on, things to eat, things for dessert, fruits, things to play with. Create silly pictures by mixing and matching pictures. Glue a picture of a dog behind the wheel of a car. Talk about what is wrong with the picture and ways to "fix" it. Count items pictured in the book.
Read to the child. Sometimes "reading" is simply describing the pictures in a book without following the written words. Choose books that are sturdy and have large colorful pictures that are not too detailed. Ask your child, "What's this?" and encourage naming and pointing to familiar objects in the book. Sing simple songs and recite nursery rhymes to show the rhythm and pattern of speech. The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) is the professional, scientific, and credentialing association for more than 150,000 members and affiliates who are audiologists, speech-language pathologists and speech, language, and hearing scientist.
...
The Little People of Tomorrow PreschoolAshley Covington, Cassa.docxcherry686017
The Little People of Tomorrow Preschool
Ashley Covington, Cassandra Fredrick, David Gould, Shannon Kline, & April Underwood
Preschool Age
Preschool boys and girls are between the ages of 2 to five years old. They are very active and curious.
The Preschool Classroom
A preschool classroom needs to be organized, and the materials need to be accessible to all children,
Safety is the number one priority when it comes to preschoolers.
The furniture needs to be oversized and cushy.
The classroom should be divided into centers that are labeled so the children will associate the word with the activity.
All centers need to be visually accessible
Preschool Centers
Preschools need a classroom that is inviting and safe for the children to explore. It need to be spacious and provides a lot of room for them to explore.
Diverse Population
Read books that contain diverse characters
Look at magazines and photos that contain different cultures
Play games and use dolls that are of different diversities
Watch shows or videos that feature diverse population
Allow guest speakers to come in and share with the students
Talk and introduce about other languages
Teach about Geography
Make different foods for them to try
Play dress up to different customs
Decorate your room to incorporate diversity
Language Development
We as teachers and most of all parents, must never assume that a child is a certain age is just like everyone else. If you are a parent and are concerned about your child’s development, speak to the teacher and also consult with your child’s primary care provider.
Developmental Activities for Preschoolers
Make a scrapbook of favorite or familiar things by cutting out pictures. Group them into categories, such as things to ride on, things to eat, things for dessert, fruits, things to play with. Create silly pictures by mixing and matching pictures. Glue a picture of a dog behind the wheel of a car. Talk about what is wrong with the picture and ways to "fix" it. Count items pictured in the book.
Read to the child. Sometimes "reading" is simply describing the pictures in a book without following the written words. Choose books that are sturdy and have large colorful pictures that are not too detailed. Ask your child, "What's this?" and encourage naming and pointing to familiar objects in the book. Sing simple songs and recite nursery rhymes to show the rhythm and pattern of speech. The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) is the professional, scientific, and credentialing association for more than 150,000 members and affiliates who are audiologists, speech-language pathologists and speech, language, and hearing scientist.
...
Information and education for early childhood providers in New Mexico. Inside you will find dates for upcoming classes, tips for helping children stay healthy and happy, and contact information for UNM Cariño.
Definition, characteristics and challenging behaviors in students with autism. It also gives a brief introduction to positive behavior support interventions.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdf
Educ 439 developmenal domains
1.
2.
3. Recognize themselves in a mirror or photograph and react to themselves
This is the age where “No” comes into play.
Imitates adults’ words and actions
Understands words and commands, and will respond to them
Hugs and kisses people and pets familiar to them
4. Likes to show off their things
Begin to help around the house
Parallel play (Cooperative play starts at the ages 3 to 4)
Solitary play for minutes at a time
Reacts to changes in daily routines
5. Shares with familiar people
Starts to assert independence by trying to do things “by myself”, without help.
6. Doesn’t imitate other people.
Constantly moves from one activity to the next.
Requires constant attention to stay at an activity.
Doesn’t show any interest in other children
Keeps to themselves
Extremely “rigid” about routines
7. The child is passive, and doesn’t want to try new things.
Impatient when it comes to things they want.
9. Stage
Self concept
Self Management
Attachment to family
Interactions
Examples
Responds to others emotions
Remember and follow simple routines and rules some of the time.
Direct others to follow simple rules and routines, even when he or she does not follow them.
Have trouble learning new behavior when routines are changed.
Respond well to adult guidance, most of the time. Test limits and try to be independent.
Stop an activity or avoid doing something if directed.
Express strong feelings through tantrums.
Do things the child has been told not to do.
Show assertiveness, such as giving orders to others.
Show growing ability to remember past experiences and tell an adult about them, including information about simple emotions.
10. Stage
Self concept
Self Management
Attachment to family
Interactions
Examples
Separate from main caregiver when in familiar settings outside the home.
Recognize and call attention to self in a mirror or in photographs.
Show awareness of being seen by others (such as repeating an action when sees someone is watching).
Show self-confidence; try new things.
Make choices (such as what clothes to wear) and have favorite books, toys and activities.
Take pride in showing completed projects (such as a drawing or stack of blocks) to caregiver.
Name and express many emotions in self, familiar people, pets.
Seek the comfort of adults significant to him/her when in new or uncomfortable situations, or needing help, or feeling strong emotions.
11. Recognize herself in the mirror or photograph and smile or make faces at herself
Begin to say ‘no’ to bedtime and other requests
Imitate adults’ actions and words
Understand words and commands, and respond to them
Attachment to family and pets
Bring things to “show” other people
Begin to feel jealousy when she is not the center of attention
Show frustration easily
Be able to play alone for a few minutes
React to changes in daily routines
Share a piece of food
Develop a range of emotions
Start to assert independence
may have tantrums
show aggression by biting
preferring to try do things “by myself”, without help
Hug and kiss parents, familiar people and pets
Want to help with the chores
12. Respond to child’s emotional and physical needs.
Listen to child; show interest, empathy and understanding; respond to questions and requests.
Name your child’s feelings as you notice them. Help your child understand and name feelings.
Talk about things you and your child have done together, including how he or she felt.
Help child be successful with challenging activities or tasks (e.g., puzzles, putting on clothes).
Demonstrate fairness and respect for others.
Set simple rules and limits and be consistent
Avoid physical punishment
Give child choices that are okay with you (“Would you like to play with the trucks or the blocks?”)
Respect that different cultures place different values on independence.
When you child is angry, talk about how it is okay to show this anger and how it is not.
Help your child manage and express feelings in safe and appropriate ways. Show ways to express feelings that are acceptable to family and cultural values.
Recognize and describe child’s appropriate behavior.
13. Doesn’t point to show things to others
Doesn’t know what familiar things are used for
Doesn’t copy others’ actions or words
Doesn’t notice when a caregiver leaves or returns
Loses skills he or she once had
Doesn’t follow simple instructions
Doesn’t recognize family members
14.
15. The cognitive developmental theory holds that mental growth is the most important element in children’s development.
Cognitive Development: Mental development including problem solving and acquisitions of knowledge.
16. Infants can perform tasks, never before tried to solve problems. For example they may use trial and error to obtain a objects placed high on the kitchen counter.
17. Infants can solve problems using mental images. They can think through their actions without actually performing them. They can study and later imitate the behaviors of others.
18. Toddlers can recognize familiar objects and actions they have previously experienced. They can recall certain events which require greater cognitive ability then simply recognizing. Toddlers develop a working memory.
19. Toddlers can pay attention for longer periods and to more relevant aspects of an object.
Play environment has been found to promote toddler attention.
20. groups objects according to specific characteristics (color, size, shape etc)
name and identifies objects in pictures
enjoys simple stories and songs
points to body parts when asked
can repeat two numbers in a row
observe and imitate adult actions, for example pretending to drive a car
interested in looking through books
understands consequences of their actions
21. plays make-believe with dolls, animals, and people
sorts objects by color
completes puzzles with 3 or 4 pieces
builds tower of five to seven objects
recognizes and identifies common objects and pictures by pointing
22. identifies picture as a boy or girl
engages in making believe and pretend play
begins to count with numbers
recognizes similarities and differences
imitates rhythms and animal movements
becoming aware of space through physical activity
can follow two or more directions
23. able to complete simple puzzles and play simple board games
begins to understand the concept that 2 halves make a 1 whole
gives brief details of what is happening in a picture
places objects in a certain logical order
pays attention to an activity between 5 – 15 minutes at a time
24. Doesn't speak at least 15 words
Doesn't use two-word sentences
Doesn't imitate actions or words
Doesn't follow simple instructions
Can't push a wheeled toy
28. Typically they can walk by themselves.
They can push themselves up from a sitting position, or on their hands and knees
29. They have mastered the pinching grip and can now pick up small objects.
They can drink/feed themselves, not wanting help.
They can climb up onto low furniture such as chairs, coffee tables and lounges
30. They can go up and down steps with both feet on each step.
Run
Kick a ball
Attempt to dress themselves
31. Your child's motor skills are regressing
Your child's limbs seem stiff
Your child's muscles seem floppy and loose
Your child doesn't walk yet
Your child is walking on her toes
Your child favors one hand or side of her body
Your child seems very clumsy
Your child is constantly moving
Your child has trouble grasping and manipulating objects
Your child drools and has difficulty eating
32.
33. Overgeneralization:Which toddlers overgeneralize a new word so it refers to more things then it should.
Example-They use the word car to explain cars, trucks, tractors, busses and even strollers.
(Because when a toddler hears a word in many different contexts he or she gradually constructs a more accurate meaning and eventually reduces various generalizations. )
Overrestrictions: Often toddlers will use a word to refer to a narrower range of things than an adult would.
Example-They say shoes but are referring that every shoe is theirs.
(Because egocentrism contributes to this and gradually is constructed into a fuller definition.)
34. Referential: The first words that acquire mainly names of things.
Factors that may affect weather the child is referential or expressive:
›Temperament-associates with less people, they would talk about less social things.
›If they are exposed to few toys and objects and more people they would talk about more social ques.
Expressive:Initially learn more social expressions.
35. Euro-American: More nouns first.(Referential)
›Ex) Moms emphasize object labeling and direct language and interaction. “What’s this?” “It’s a book, Can you say book?”
Structure of language itself also may influence language itself and also has a huge influence on the child’s first words. (ex. In Japan and Korea nouns are less frequent than in other languages.
The first words will also be different according to the surroundings of the child. (ex. Animals, sounds, games, food, drink =50 words)
Japanese-American: Emphasize social expressions.
›Ex) Moms use toys and play objects to engage child in social interaction.
Omoiyan: traditional concepts that emphasizes harmony in social interactions.
Verbs and social words but fewer nouns.
36. ½ of the world consists of bilingual speaking children.
It is rare for a toddler to use words from both languages to describe the same concept or object.
Sometimes toddlers may mix languages. (“kittygatto” = cat)
There is an infinite amount of scenarios for the make up of a bilingual family. (ex. Lives with Spanish speaking Grandmother and English speaking mother).
Mental Dictionary: Total vocabulary of words being learned. (ex. A German- American speaking toddler who lives on a farm may call a horse by its German name but a pig by its English name.
37. 18 months-2 years they should be able to put words together, express numbers or ideas to relate objects and actions. (ex. “All Broke” and “Me Bite”)
They begin using intellectual achievements to express ideas.
At this level they complete the simplest utterance possible that holds meaning.
Syntax:Part of language that involves creating sentences, including word order, sentence length and complexity and the usage of clauses and word endings. (ex. “Car Go”, means that the car went down the road.
Telegraph Speech: Early utterance of young children that contains only words necessary to convey messages.
Tactic Knowledge of Learning: Children often have this subconscious ability to apply rules of language without thinking about them.
38. Toddlers in bilingual families develop the ability to say 2 word utterances at the same age as monolingual children.
Toddlers tend to make 2 word utterances with the same meaning and combine them. (ex. In German; “BittePlease”)
Many say constructions of to languages can be confusing and damaging to early language learning.
It is counterproductive to correct bilingual toddlers.
Challenges for Bilingual Toddlers
›Every language has their own word orders. (ex. Verbs appear at ends of some sentences in some languages and begin sentences in other languages)
›Toddlers have 2 sets of rules when making 2 word utterances.
›It is hard for them to pick the right word to create simple sentences. (ex. In China some words act as nouns and verbs.)
›Engaging in language switching is a challenge when toddlers try to blend 2 different languages.
39. Brain has special regions and mechanisms that explain how sow much knowledge can be brought into their little brains so fast.
In very short months a child is able to process language at a quicker rate then any other stimuli.
Process subtle differences among specific speech sounds and words within speech processing areas.
20 months-
›toddlers were found to process language.
›Brains now reacted not only to whether words sounded differently but whether they were familiar or unfamiliar.
40. 18 months-Respond to parents book reading in complex ways and sometimes imitate events that occurred in the book.
Reading to your child is the best way to boost their vocabulary.
Scaffolding: A process by which adults give support or guidance for some parts of a task or activity and then gradually give over regulation of experience to the child allowing them to become more independent in their actions.
41. Attends to pictures
Pats pictures
Holds and carries books
Points to and names objects
Turns pages with help
Mouths books
Brings a book/Asks to be read to
“Reads” to self
Handles writing materials, scribbles
Recites familiar passages
Searches for favorite pictures
Notices and/or protests when adult gets wrong/leaves out a word"
http://literacy.nationaldb.org/index.php/literacy-development- continuum/
42. Hearing Impairments
Down syndrome
General Language Delay
›Not cognitively disabled
›Could occur in households of poverty, nonresponsive parenting or poor health.
›Commonly labeled due to cultural differences.
Delays develop when the child is about 1 years old or when they begin babbling.
Their babbles are expressive jargon.
Are late to say their first word or construct their first 2 word utterance.
43. Red flags for a speech or language delay include:
No babbling by 9 months.
No first words by 15 months.
No consistent words by 18 months.
No word combinations by 24 months.
Slowed or stagnant speech development.
Problems understanding your child's speech at 24 months of age; strangers having problems understanding your child's speech by 36 months of age.
Not showing an interest in communicating.
Excessive drooling.
Problems sucking, chewing, or swallowing.
Problems with control and coordination of lips, tongue, and jaw.
Failure to respond normally, such as not responding when spoken to. This may include signs that the child does not hear well, such as not reacting to loud noises.
A sudden loss of speech and language skills. Loss of abilities at any age should be addressed immediately.
Not speaking clearly or well by age 3.