Caste & politics in india
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•4,905 views
This document discusses the relationship between caste and politics in India. It notes that caste plays an important role in Indian politics, as political parties prioritize candidates from certain castes when allocating tickets, and caste has become an inseparable part of the political process. The introduction of universal adult suffrage has enhanced caste prominence in politics by making numerically strong castes more conscious of their bargaining power. While caste is no longer the sole basis for politics, politicians still use it as a tool for political mobilization.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Gram Swaraj The Gandhian Concept
Democracy can function smoothly and according to the concept of swaraj only if it is decentralized. (‘‘centralization as a system is inconsistent with non-violent structure of society’’).
He wanted the center of power to move from cities to villages.
Aristotle's theory of revolution
Aristotle studied nearly 158 constitutions and developed a scientific theory of revolution. According to Aristotle, revolution can be a major or minor change in a constitution or government, or a change in ruling power without constitutional change. Revolutions have general causes like psychological motives for profit and honor, and special reasons including social, economic, and external factors. Aristotle analyzed how revolutions occur differently in democratic, oligarchical, aristocratic, and monarchical systems. He proposed methods to resist revolution such as resolving discrimination, reducing injustice, democratic attitudes, education, rule of law, supportive constitutions, decent government-people relations, decentralization of power, and patriotism.
Communalism
This document discusses the concepts of communalism and religious fundamentalism in India. It provides definitions and perspectives from various scholars on communalism. Communalism divides society along religious lines, creates tensions between religious groups, and is used by political groups for political ends. It undermines secularism, democracy and national integration. Religious fundamentalism involves taking religious texts as infallible and placing them above all evidence, which can lead to intolerant and violent behavior. The document also examines the causes and impacts of communalism in India.
Sanskritization by m.n.srinivas
Sanskritization is a concept proposed by Indian sociologist M.N. Srinivas that describes the process whereby a lower caste or tribe seeks upward social mobility by emulating the rituals and practices of upper or dominant castes. It involves the imitation of language, beliefs, rituals, and deities of the Brahmins and the twice-born castes in an effort to gain social advancement or prestige. Some key characteristics include it being a process of cultural change and social mobility that is not confined to Hindu castes and can operate in two directions by allowing borrowing of ideology.
Secularism
Secularism is a broad concept in which is status in which a state is free from any particular religion
David Easton's Concept of Decline of Political Theory
David Easton argued that political theory was in decline for several reasons:
1) Historicism - Theorists were too focused on history and past events rather than analyzing current issues and how to address problems. They lacked a positive or creative outlook.
2) Moral relativism - Theorists took a relativistic view and did not attempt to determine absolute truths. They accepted prevailing ideas without critique.
3) Hyper-factualism - Theories were based too heavily on facts without a strong theoretical foundation. Theorists focused only on easily researchable problems rather than developing new perspectives.
4) Positivism - New political ideologies in the 19th-20th century took the
PPT on Behaviouralism
Power point presentation on Behaviouralism, this is most important and basic topic for Foundations of Political Science, students...
westernization.pptx
Westernization refers to the changes brought to Indian society and culture as a result of over 150 years of British rule, according to M.N. Srinivas. It is a process whereby societies come under or adopt aspects of Western culture such as industry, technology, law, politics, economics, lifestyle, diet, clothing, language, alphabet, religion, philosophy, and values. Westernization implies value preferences like secularization, humanitarianism, rationality, and equality. It brought changes to social institutions in India and accelerated mobility outside the caste system. Westernization had impacts such as changes to the caste system, marriage, family system, spread of education, means of transportation and communication, and the status of women.
Recommended
Gram Swaraj The Gandhian Concept
Democracy can function smoothly and according to the concept of swaraj only if it is decentralized. (‘‘centralization as a system is inconsistent with non-violent structure of society’’).
He wanted the center of power to move from cities to villages.
Aristotle's theory of revolution
Aristotle studied nearly 158 constitutions and developed a scientific theory of revolution. According to Aristotle, revolution can be a major or minor change in a constitution or government, or a change in ruling power without constitutional change. Revolutions have general causes like psychological motives for profit and honor, and special reasons including social, economic, and external factors. Aristotle analyzed how revolutions occur differently in democratic, oligarchical, aristocratic, and monarchical systems. He proposed methods to resist revolution such as resolving discrimination, reducing injustice, democratic attitudes, education, rule of law, supportive constitutions, decent government-people relations, decentralization of power, and patriotism.
Communalism
This document discusses the concepts of communalism and religious fundamentalism in India. It provides definitions and perspectives from various scholars on communalism. Communalism divides society along religious lines, creates tensions between religious groups, and is used by political groups for political ends. It undermines secularism, democracy and national integration. Religious fundamentalism involves taking religious texts as infallible and placing them above all evidence, which can lead to intolerant and violent behavior. The document also examines the causes and impacts of communalism in India.
Sanskritization by m.n.srinivas
Sanskritization is a concept proposed by Indian sociologist M.N. Srinivas that describes the process whereby a lower caste or tribe seeks upward social mobility by emulating the rituals and practices of upper or dominant castes. It involves the imitation of language, beliefs, rituals, and deities of the Brahmins and the twice-born castes in an effort to gain social advancement or prestige. Some key characteristics include it being a process of cultural change and social mobility that is not confined to Hindu castes and can operate in two directions by allowing borrowing of ideology.
Secularism
Secularism is a broad concept in which is status in which a state is free from any particular religion
David Easton's Concept of Decline of Political Theory
David Easton argued that political theory was in decline for several reasons:
1) Historicism - Theorists were too focused on history and past events rather than analyzing current issues and how to address problems. They lacked a positive or creative outlook.
2) Moral relativism - Theorists took a relativistic view and did not attempt to determine absolute truths. They accepted prevailing ideas without critique.
3) Hyper-factualism - Theories were based too heavily on facts without a strong theoretical foundation. Theorists focused only on easily researchable problems rather than developing new perspectives.
4) Positivism - New political ideologies in the 19th-20th century took the
PPT on Behaviouralism
Power point presentation on Behaviouralism, this is most important and basic topic for Foundations of Political Science, students...
westernization.pptx
Westernization refers to the changes brought to Indian society and culture as a result of over 150 years of British rule, according to M.N. Srinivas. It is a process whereby societies come under or adopt aspects of Western culture such as industry, technology, law, politics, economics, lifestyle, diet, clothing, language, alphabet, religion, philosophy, and values. Westernization implies value preferences like secularization, humanitarianism, rationality, and equality. It brought changes to social institutions in India and accelerated mobility outside the caste system. Westernization had impacts such as changes to the caste system, marriage, family system, spread of education, means of transportation and communication, and the status of women.
Secularism
The document discusses the concepts of secularism, socialism, and their relationship to education in India. It provides background on the origins and characteristics of secularism and socialism. Secularism in India means equal treatment and protection of all religions. Indian socialism is based on Gandhian principles of equality and non-violence. Education under socialism and secularism in India aims to develop democratic, egalitarian, and rational thinking by providing equal opportunities and a curriculum focused on social justice, civic duties, and secular values.
M.N.Roy
This document provides an overview of Indian revolutionary M.N. Roy, including his background, career, Marxist philosophy, and ideas around humanism and democracy. It discusses how Roy began as a Marxist in Mexico in 1917 and helped form the Indian Communist Party in 1924. It outlines Roy's views on Marxism, including his belief that Marxism should not be identified with communism. Roy argued for an agrarian revolution and establishment of a real democratic state in India. The document also examines Roy's critique of Marxism and his philosophy of "New Humanism," which emphasized peace, cooperation, and education over revolution. It describes how Roy's ideas revolved around the centrality of humanity.
Political socialization
Political socialization, what is political socialization what are the important and function of political socialization. Sociology, Polity and society, Presentation of Political Socialization.
Arya samaj
Swami Dayanand Saraswati founded the Arya Samaj Hindu reform movement in 1875 based on the authority of the Vedas. The Arya Samaj aimed to end religious superstitions and social evils while advocating for women's education and equality. It established many schools and orphanages throughout India to promote social and religious reform according to the teachings of the Vedas. Dayanand Saraswati's goal was to restore the true teachings of the Vedas and reject idolatry, untouchability, and other practices not supported by the ancient scriptures.
Kautilya
The Arthshastra is a treatise on statecraft, economic policy and military strategy. It discusses the acquisition and protection of the means of livelihood as well as ensuring the welfare of citizens. The two main aims of the Arthshastra are administration and protection of the state (Palana) and conquest and acquisition of territory (Labha). It provides guidance on practical aspects of internal and external administration. The Arthshastra advocates for a monarchy and describes the qualities and duties required of a ruler to protect subjects and ensure their well-being and prosperity. It also outlines administrative principles for revenue collection, personnel management and public administration that still have relevance today.
Liberal approach to study Indian politics
MARXIST,GANDHIAN AND LIBERAL are the major approaches to study Indian politics. This module is about liberal perspective. BPSC 132 INDIAN GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS IGNOU.
Theory of Sovereignty - John Austin
Sovereignty means the supreme, absolute, and uncontrollable power by which any independent state is governed; supreme political authority; the supreme will; paramount control of the constitution and frame of government and its administration; the self-sufficient source of political power, from which all specific political powers are derived; the international independence of a state, combined with the right and power of regulating its internal affairs without foreign dictation; also a political society, or state, which is sovereign and independent.
The power to do everything in a state without accountability, to other countries, to execute and to apply them, to impose and collect taxes and levy contributions, to make war or peace, to form treaties of alliance or of commerce with foreign nations.
The concept of ‘sovereignty’ is one of the most complex, with many definitions, some are totally contradictory. Usually, sovereignty is defined in one of two ways. The first definition applies to supreme public power, which has the right and, in theory, the capacity to impose its authority in the last instance. The second definition refers to the holder of legitimate power, who is recognized to have authority.
When national sovereignty is discussed, the first definition applies, and it refers in particular to independence, understood as the freedom of a collective entity to act. When popular sovereignty is discussed, the second definition applies, and sovereignty is associated with power and legitimacy.1
There are various definition of sovereignty which has been defined by academicians and philosophers they are as follows:
In political science, sovereignty is usually defined as the most essential attribute of the state in the form of its complete self-sufficiency in the frames of a certain territory that is its supremacy in the domestic policy and independence in the foreign one.
John Bodin defines sovereignty “The supreme power over citizens and subjects, unrestrained by law.”
Grotius defines sovereignty as “The supreme political power vested in him whose acts are not subject to any other and whose will cannot be overridden”.
Also definition of Sovereignty by Soltau is “Final legal coercive power by the state”.
Political thought- Aristotle Views on Slavery
Aristotle justifies slavery on three grounds: nature, usefulness, and expediency. He argues that nature provides different people with different qualities and abilities, with the superior meant to rule over the inferior. Aristotle asserts that slavery benefits both masters and slaves, as it allows masters leisure to focus on public affairs while slaves can elevate themselves by sharing their masters' virtues. He claims slavery was essential to the Greek economy and social order at the time.
Backward Classes.pptx
The document discusses the three main categories of backward classes in India:
1) Scheduled Castes, who occupy the lowest rung of the social ladder and face social, economic, educational, and political problems due to the caste system.
2) Scheduled Tribes, who lead isolated existences and face problems related to geographic separation, exploitation, lack of education, health issues, and loss of land and forest rights.
3) Other Backward Classes, which is a mixed category comprising groups that are educationally and economically backward. The government has undertaken various constitutional and welfare measures to promote the development of backward classes.
Secularism
The term “Secular” means being "separate" from religion, or having no religious basis. A secular person is one who does not owe his moral values to any religion. His values are the product of his rational and scientific thinking.
Welfare state
The document defines a welfare state as a government meant for the welfare and well-being of its citizens. It aims to ensure social security, equality of opportunity, and equitable distribution of wealth. Key characteristics include socialistic principles, control over economic activities, and providing basic facilities like education, health, transport, and housing. Main functions are protecting citizens, maintaining law and order, spreading education, ensuring social and economic security, eradicating poverty, and improving public services.
Mohandas karamchand gandhi
Gandhi developed a political philosophy based on the principles of truth, non-violence, and purity. He advocated for a decentralized "true democracy" with self-sufficient small communities, equal rights and justice for all, economic equality, and non-violent protest against injustice. Gandhi criticized Western democracies and capitalism as exploitative, instead promoting self-rule through moral individual and societal development.
BAL GANGADHAR TILAK
Bal Gangadhar Tilak was an Indian nationalist, teacher, and independence fighter who was born in 1856 in Maharashtra, India. He is known as the "Father of Indian Unrest" for his strong advocacy for self-rule and his role in expanding the Indian independence movement. Tilak strongly criticized the British educational system in India for disregarding Indian culture and founded new nationalist schools and newspapers. He advocated for concepts like swaraj (self-rule), swadeshi (self-reliance), and boycott of British goods. Tilak played a key role in transforming traditional Hindu festivals into nationalist celebrations to inspire patriotism. He spent several years imprisoned by the British for his revolutionary activities but
Political sociology - Caste and Class
This ppt is about political sociology and discusses the caste and class system in India. caste (Jaati) and class (Varna) in the Indian Hindu system. This ppt is useful for students of Indian political sociology - course.
Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Raja Ram Mohan Roy was a 19th century Indian social reformer who worked to abolish social evils like sati and child marriage and establish greater rights for women and oppressed castes. He founded the Brahmo Samaj in 1828 to promote social, religious, and educational reforms through teachings of monotheism, opposition to idolatry and rituals, and promotion of rational inquiry. Some of his major reforms included campaigning for women's rights including right to property and remarriage for widows, abolishing the practice of sati and polygamy, and opposing the caste system and advocating for equality among all people.
Socio religious movements in india
The document summarizes several important social reform movements in India that emerged in response to liberal Western ideas in the 19th century. Key reformers included Raja Rammohan Roy, Swami Dayanand Saraswati, and Swami Vivekananda, who advocated for social and cultural changes like opposing idol worship, child marriage, caste discrimination, and promoting women's rights and education. Other notable reform movements mentioned include the Arya Samaj, Brahmo Samaj, Ramakrishna Mission, and movements led by figures such as Jyotirao Phule that fought against caste oppression and worked for women's empowerment. Muslim reformers like Syed Ahmed Khan also established schools
Minority rights in india
The document discusses minority rights in India. It defines minorities as groups differentiated by religion, nationality, language or culture that see themselves and are seen by others as distinct within society. The constitution guarantees minorities several rights, including cultural and educational rights. Specifically, it protects minorities' right to conserve their own language, script and culture (Article 29) and establishes and administers their own educational institutions (Article 30). However, minority institutions must still adhere to reasonable regulations regarding curriculum, admissions and management. The document outlines various court cases that have interpreted and applied these constitutional rights.
Jawaharlal nehru
Jawaharlal Nehru was born in 1889 in India. He received education in India and Britain and became a barrister. He emerged as a leader of the Indian independence movement under Mahatma Gandhi and became the first Prime Minister of independent India in 1947. As Prime Minister for 17 years, Nehru advocated democratic socialism and secularism. He promoted policies of non-alignment, planned economic development, social reforms, and scientific advancement.
inequalities due to caste system
This document discusses the caste system in India. It begins with defining caste and explaining the origin of the caste system in India, influenced by religions, rural social structures, and hereditary occupations. It then classifies the main castes in India - Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras - and their traditional roles. It outlines inequalities caused by the caste system, like violations of fundamental rights and lack of opportunities. It also discusses intergroup conflicts that arise from caste divisions, such as communal riots. It lists measures taken and laws passed in India to prohibit caste discrimination and promote equality. In conclusion, it recognizes that while the caste system is
Assignment on local government
The document provides information on local government structures and systems in India. It discusses the three-tier systems of rural local government called Panchayati Raj as well as the urban local government system. The key points are:
- Panchayati Raj has a three-tier structure of Gram Panchayat (village level), Mandal/Block Panchayat (group of villages), and Zilla Panchayat (district level). All three levels are directly elected for 5 year terms.
- Urban local bodies have a similar three-tier structure of Nagar Panchayats (small towns), Municipal Councils, and Municipal Corporations (large cities over 1 million people).
- The
Gender, Religion And Caste
1) The document discusses three forms of social differences in India - gender, religion, and caste - and how they relate to politics.
2) Gender discrimination disadvantages women through lower literacy and education rates as well as preference for sons over daughters.
3) Communalism prioritizes one's own religious community over others and politics, leading to demands for dominance or separate political units.
4) Caste divisions were based on hereditary occupations but political and social reforms have helped reduce discrimination, though imbalances remain.
More Related Content
What's hot
Secularism
The document discusses the concepts of secularism, socialism, and their relationship to education in India. It provides background on the origins and characteristics of secularism and socialism. Secularism in India means equal treatment and protection of all religions. Indian socialism is based on Gandhian principles of equality and non-violence. Education under socialism and secularism in India aims to develop democratic, egalitarian, and rational thinking by providing equal opportunities and a curriculum focused on social justice, civic duties, and secular values.
M.N.Roy
This document provides an overview of Indian revolutionary M.N. Roy, including his background, career, Marxist philosophy, and ideas around humanism and democracy. It discusses how Roy began as a Marxist in Mexico in 1917 and helped form the Indian Communist Party in 1924. It outlines Roy's views on Marxism, including his belief that Marxism should not be identified with communism. Roy argued for an agrarian revolution and establishment of a real democratic state in India. The document also examines Roy's critique of Marxism and his philosophy of "New Humanism," which emphasized peace, cooperation, and education over revolution. It describes how Roy's ideas revolved around the centrality of humanity.
Political socialization
Political socialization, what is political socialization what are the important and function of political socialization. Sociology, Polity and society, Presentation of Political Socialization.
Arya samaj
Swami Dayanand Saraswati founded the Arya Samaj Hindu reform movement in 1875 based on the authority of the Vedas. The Arya Samaj aimed to end religious superstitions and social evils while advocating for women's education and equality. It established many schools and orphanages throughout India to promote social and religious reform according to the teachings of the Vedas. Dayanand Saraswati's goal was to restore the true teachings of the Vedas and reject idolatry, untouchability, and other practices not supported by the ancient scriptures.
Kautilya
The Arthshastra is a treatise on statecraft, economic policy and military strategy. It discusses the acquisition and protection of the means of livelihood as well as ensuring the welfare of citizens. The two main aims of the Arthshastra are administration and protection of the state (Palana) and conquest and acquisition of territory (Labha). It provides guidance on practical aspects of internal and external administration. The Arthshastra advocates for a monarchy and describes the qualities and duties required of a ruler to protect subjects and ensure their well-being and prosperity. It also outlines administrative principles for revenue collection, personnel management and public administration that still have relevance today.
Liberal approach to study Indian politics
MARXIST,GANDHIAN AND LIBERAL are the major approaches to study Indian politics. This module is about liberal perspective. BPSC 132 INDIAN GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS IGNOU.
Theory of Sovereignty - John Austin
Sovereignty means the supreme, absolute, and uncontrollable power by which any independent state is governed; supreme political authority; the supreme will; paramount control of the constitution and frame of government and its administration; the self-sufficient source of political power, from which all specific political powers are derived; the international independence of a state, combined with the right and power of regulating its internal affairs without foreign dictation; also a political society, or state, which is sovereign and independent.
The power to do everything in a state without accountability, to other countries, to execute and to apply them, to impose and collect taxes and levy contributions, to make war or peace, to form treaties of alliance or of commerce with foreign nations.
The concept of ‘sovereignty’ is one of the most complex, with many definitions, some are totally contradictory. Usually, sovereignty is defined in one of two ways. The first definition applies to supreme public power, which has the right and, in theory, the capacity to impose its authority in the last instance. The second definition refers to the holder of legitimate power, who is recognized to have authority.
When national sovereignty is discussed, the first definition applies, and it refers in particular to independence, understood as the freedom of a collective entity to act. When popular sovereignty is discussed, the second definition applies, and sovereignty is associated with power and legitimacy.1
There are various definition of sovereignty which has been defined by academicians and philosophers they are as follows:
In political science, sovereignty is usually defined as the most essential attribute of the state in the form of its complete self-sufficiency in the frames of a certain territory that is its supremacy in the domestic policy and independence in the foreign one.
John Bodin defines sovereignty “The supreme power over citizens and subjects, unrestrained by law.”
Grotius defines sovereignty as “The supreme political power vested in him whose acts are not subject to any other and whose will cannot be overridden”.
Also definition of Sovereignty by Soltau is “Final legal coercive power by the state”.
Political thought- Aristotle Views on Slavery
Aristotle justifies slavery on three grounds: nature, usefulness, and expediency. He argues that nature provides different people with different qualities and abilities, with the superior meant to rule over the inferior. Aristotle asserts that slavery benefits both masters and slaves, as it allows masters leisure to focus on public affairs while slaves can elevate themselves by sharing their masters' virtues. He claims slavery was essential to the Greek economy and social order at the time.
Backward Classes.pptx
The document discusses the three main categories of backward classes in India:
1) Scheduled Castes, who occupy the lowest rung of the social ladder and face social, economic, educational, and political problems due to the caste system.
2) Scheduled Tribes, who lead isolated existences and face problems related to geographic separation, exploitation, lack of education, health issues, and loss of land and forest rights.
3) Other Backward Classes, which is a mixed category comprising groups that are educationally and economically backward. The government has undertaken various constitutional and welfare measures to promote the development of backward classes.
Secularism
The term “Secular” means being "separate" from religion, or having no religious basis. A secular person is one who does not owe his moral values to any religion. His values are the product of his rational and scientific thinking.
Welfare state
The document defines a welfare state as a government meant for the welfare and well-being of its citizens. It aims to ensure social security, equality of opportunity, and equitable distribution of wealth. Key characteristics include socialistic principles, control over economic activities, and providing basic facilities like education, health, transport, and housing. Main functions are protecting citizens, maintaining law and order, spreading education, ensuring social and economic security, eradicating poverty, and improving public services.
Mohandas karamchand gandhi
Gandhi developed a political philosophy based on the principles of truth, non-violence, and purity. He advocated for a decentralized "true democracy" with self-sufficient small communities, equal rights and justice for all, economic equality, and non-violent protest against injustice. Gandhi criticized Western democracies and capitalism as exploitative, instead promoting self-rule through moral individual and societal development.
BAL GANGADHAR TILAK
Bal Gangadhar Tilak was an Indian nationalist, teacher, and independence fighter who was born in 1856 in Maharashtra, India. He is known as the "Father of Indian Unrest" for his strong advocacy for self-rule and his role in expanding the Indian independence movement. Tilak strongly criticized the British educational system in India for disregarding Indian culture and founded new nationalist schools and newspapers. He advocated for concepts like swaraj (self-rule), swadeshi (self-reliance), and boycott of British goods. Tilak played a key role in transforming traditional Hindu festivals into nationalist celebrations to inspire patriotism. He spent several years imprisoned by the British for his revolutionary activities but
Political sociology - Caste and Class
This ppt is about political sociology and discusses the caste and class system in India. caste (Jaati) and class (Varna) in the Indian Hindu system. This ppt is useful for students of Indian political sociology - course.
Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Raja Ram Mohan Roy was a 19th century Indian social reformer who worked to abolish social evils like sati and child marriage and establish greater rights for women and oppressed castes. He founded the Brahmo Samaj in 1828 to promote social, religious, and educational reforms through teachings of monotheism, opposition to idolatry and rituals, and promotion of rational inquiry. Some of his major reforms included campaigning for women's rights including right to property and remarriage for widows, abolishing the practice of sati and polygamy, and opposing the caste system and advocating for equality among all people.
Socio religious movements in india
The document summarizes several important social reform movements in India that emerged in response to liberal Western ideas in the 19th century. Key reformers included Raja Rammohan Roy, Swami Dayanand Saraswati, and Swami Vivekananda, who advocated for social and cultural changes like opposing idol worship, child marriage, caste discrimination, and promoting women's rights and education. Other notable reform movements mentioned include the Arya Samaj, Brahmo Samaj, Ramakrishna Mission, and movements led by figures such as Jyotirao Phule that fought against caste oppression and worked for women's empowerment. Muslim reformers like Syed Ahmed Khan also established schools
Minority rights in india
The document discusses minority rights in India. It defines minorities as groups differentiated by religion, nationality, language or culture that see themselves and are seen by others as distinct within society. The constitution guarantees minorities several rights, including cultural and educational rights. Specifically, it protects minorities' right to conserve their own language, script and culture (Article 29) and establishes and administers their own educational institutions (Article 30). However, minority institutions must still adhere to reasonable regulations regarding curriculum, admissions and management. The document outlines various court cases that have interpreted and applied these constitutional rights.
Jawaharlal nehru
Jawaharlal Nehru was born in 1889 in India. He received education in India and Britain and became a barrister. He emerged as a leader of the Indian independence movement under Mahatma Gandhi and became the first Prime Minister of independent India in 1947. As Prime Minister for 17 years, Nehru advocated democratic socialism and secularism. He promoted policies of non-alignment, planned economic development, social reforms, and scientific advancement.
inequalities due to caste system
This document discusses the caste system in India. It begins with defining caste and explaining the origin of the caste system in India, influenced by religions, rural social structures, and hereditary occupations. It then classifies the main castes in India - Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras - and their traditional roles. It outlines inequalities caused by the caste system, like violations of fundamental rights and lack of opportunities. It also discusses intergroup conflicts that arise from caste divisions, such as communal riots. It lists measures taken and laws passed in India to prohibit caste discrimination and promote equality. In conclusion, it recognizes that while the caste system is
Assignment on local government
The document provides information on local government structures and systems in India. It discusses the three-tier systems of rural local government called Panchayati Raj as well as the urban local government system. The key points are:
- Panchayati Raj has a three-tier structure of Gram Panchayat (village level), Mandal/Block Panchayat (group of villages), and Zilla Panchayat (district level). All three levels are directly elected for 5 year terms.
- Urban local bodies have a similar three-tier structure of Nagar Panchayats (small towns), Municipal Councils, and Municipal Corporations (large cities over 1 million people).
- The
What's hot (20)
Similar to Caste & politics in india
Gender, Religion And Caste
1) The document discusses three forms of social differences in India - gender, religion, and caste - and how they relate to politics.
2) Gender discrimination disadvantages women through lower literacy and education rates as well as preference for sons over daughters.
3) Communalism prioritizes one's own religious community over others and politics, leading to demands for dominance or separate political units.
4) Caste divisions were based on hereditary occupations but political and social reforms have helped reduce discrimination, though imbalances remain.
Gender caste and politics
This document discusses gender division and discrimination as well as efforts towards equality. It notes that traditionally women had minimal roles in public life and politics, but feminist movements have aimed to increase equality. While literacy and representation of women have increased, discrimination persists in areas like pay and treatment of women. The document also discusses caste division in India and how political parties take caste into account when selecting candidates to appeal to various groups, though voters also consider other factors beyond caste alone.
thinking agains caste hierarchy
This document analyzes caste hierarchies and practices in rural Indian societies through a study of the Yadav community in two villages. It discusses how casteism has created a blind perception of superiority and led to irrational practices like caste-based commensality functions. However, the system of village exogamy has also developed reciprocal primary relationships among villagers. The paper examines new challenges to casteism like "dual-caste behavior" and "caste silencing" that have emerged over decades to sustain caste hierarchies. It analyzes data collected through ethnographic methods on variables like gender, caste, education and occupation in the villages to understand changing caste dynamics.
Presentation on gender, religion and caste
This presentation discusses three forms of social divisions in India - gender, religion, and caste - and how they are expressed in politics. It notes that gender division is universally seen as natural but affects women's participation in public life. While religious differences are expressed politically, India has adopted a model of secularism to prohibit discrimination. Caste was based on exclusion and hierarchy but is changing, and it can be expressed politically through candidate selection to attract voter support. The presentation argues that exclusive focus on any identity can be unhealthy for democracy.
Presentation on gender, religion and caste rohan
This presentation discusses three forms of social divisions in India - gender, religion, and caste - and how they are expressed in politics. It notes that gender division is universally seen as natural and unchangeable, resulting in women's minimal participation in public life and politics in most societies. While religious differences are expressed more in politics, communalism based solely on religious identity threatens democracy. Caste was based on discrimination and exclusion, but is changing with education, though caste still plays a role in electoral politics when parties consider caste composition. The presentation advocates treating all religions equally and avoiding politics focused solely on caste or religious identity.
castism in India
The document discusses casteism in India. It begins by defining caste and explaining that the caste system continues to influence social, economic, and political empowerment in India. Scheduled castes are often treated as a vote bank by political parties but have not achieved true political power. Casteism is considered a social problem as it disrupts governance, democracy, and causes conflicts between castes. The caste system originated from the Vedic texts and classifies Hindu society into a rigid hierarchy. It influences all aspects of Indian society and is reinforced by political and social groups. Casteism persists in India and poses challenges for equality and social justice.
castism in india
Economic and political empowerment of the people in the country is decided by caste system. Scheduled caste people will be treated as vote bank of almost all leading political parties and they were not allowed to politically powerful even in the twenty first century. Casteism is considered as a social problem as it disturbs the effective governmental politics and democracy and paves the way for mutual group conflicts. Casteism is manifested in the form of clashes between various castes
for higher share in the socio-eco-nomic privileges and power.
Socio – Economic Mobility among Schedule Caste: A Study of Village Mugalmagri...
ABSTRACT : Caste is a powerful organization in Indian society. It provided a structure for arranging and organizing social groups in terms of their statuses and positions in the social and economic system. It predetermined individuals into the structure of social hierarchy on the basis of their birth. In the hierarchical order Brahmins were at the top of the social ladder, and the ‘Untouchables’, people who were at the bottom of the ladder. They were considered to be inferior in all respects by the higher castes and were placed at the bottom of ritual and social hierarchies of the Caste and Varna system and had been subjected to varieties of disabilities, deprivations and oppression under the traditional system. They were not considered human beings and were exploited and discriminated in many spheres of life. After Independence there has been a growing awareness and concern for the degraded socio-economic condition of the Scheduled Castes . For this, efforts are being made in collaboration with different organizations and institutions to inculcate and encourage them to merge with the socio - economic fabric of the country . In turn, they have experienced a modicum of social mobility and there has been an unprecedented rise in the political consciousness among them. The caste system in India which is based on the principle inequality whether those inequalities (Social and Economical) are going too diminished or perpetuated further in the period of globalization? Are they being able to compete with the changing scenario? What will happen with their occupations? Are they able to get quality education? What changes has come into their lifestyles? Do they have new skills so as to get the benefits mobility? Is there any social and occupational mobility among them in view of globalization, education, occupation or are they stagnated? Etc. needs to be answered if they have to become a citizen of a global community- dreamed as a knowledge society.
So, keeping all these questions in mind the researcher want to express the social mobility among schedule castes of village mugalmagri in district rupnagar . We always judge the things from the upper level but what about the bottom? That is why the main objective of the present study is to analysis the mobility from the bottom level among schedule caste through education, income, occupation, inter-caste marriages and through religious conversions. For this, I have taking 100 respondents from the rural area how were schedule castes.
Gender, religion & Caste
This document discusses gender division and the role of women in society. It notes that gender division is a social construct that places women's main responsibilities as housework and childrearing. Though women now work both in rural and urban areas, their work is often not valued. It also discusses feminist movements that fought for women's rights and political equality, such as the right to vote. However, discrimination against women still exists in areas like education, the workplace, sex selection, domestic violence, and low political participation. The document also discusses the relationship between religion, politics, and communalism as well as provisions for a secular state in the Indian constitution. It covers topics like caste system, causes for its changes over time, and the
Indology G.S. Ghurye
G.S. Ghurye was a pioneering Indian sociologist who made immense contributions to developing the fields of sociology and anthropology in India. He wrote 32 books and numerous papers covering diverse topics. As the first head of the Department of Sociology at Bombay University from 1924-1959, he played a key role in professionalizing sociology. He founded the Indian Sociological Society and its journal, training many talented students who advanced research. Ghurye studied caste, tribe, culture, religion and more, providing new theoretical perspectives. He analyzed Indian society from both textual and empirical perspectives in a methodologically pluralistic way.
99 castism in india
The document discusses casteism in India. It begins by defining caste and explaining that the caste system continues to influence social, economic, and political empowerment in India. It notes that scheduled castes are often treated as a vote bank by political parties but are not allowed true political power. The document then provides background on the origins and history of the caste system in India, tracing it back to ancient Hindu texts. It also examines different perspectives on the caste system and provides population data showing the distribution of major religious groups and castes in India over time. In conclusion, it states that casteism remains a social problem that disrupts governance and democracy through group conflicts over access to privileges and power.
Ethnography of pakistan
These slides are about the Ethnography of Pakistan. It particularly talks about the foundation of Islamic Anthropology and try to answer the question that do we have any concept of Islamic anthropology. Then it further explains the two different perspectives about it. Then it talk about marginalisation in Pakistan under the headings of gender discrimination and ethnic politics in Pakistan.
Dalit Women's Participation in Panchayati Raj
Executive summary of study on Dalit women's political participation in rural panchayat institutions in Gujarat and Tamil Nadu
303563_636834103404706300.pptx
The document summarizes the role of caste in post-independent Indian politics from 1950 to the present. It discusses three phases: 1950-1977 when the Congress party dominated and upper castes supported it; 1977-1989 when non-Congress coalitions formed and middle peasants gained power; and post-1989 when the Other Backward Castes emerged as a political force following the Mandal Commission recommendations. It also examines the impact of policies like reservation, industrialization, and the green revolution on caste dynamics and politics in India.
Politics of Reservation
This document discusses the politics of reservation in India. It begins with an introduction to the reservation system and its origins in the caste system. It then provides details on the history of reservation in India including the recommendations of the Mandal Commission which increased quotas for Other Backward Classes. The document outlines the various beneficiary groups that receive reservations including Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes, women and religious minorities. It also discusses what the Indian constitution says about reservation and some of the debates around its implementation.
Representation and Violence_ Does Women Representation in the Parliament of B...
This paper examines the relationship between women's representation in Bangladesh's parliament and violence against women. It finds that as women's participation in parliament has increased, violence against women has also risen. The paper argues that low representation of women, gender-biased social structures, women's lack of education and employment opportunities, lack of party support for women politicians, and flaws in the quota system have prevented increased political participation from reducing violence. It calls for assigning constituencies to women politicians, changing social structures, and reforming Bangladesh's masculine political culture.
Women’s Political Participation and Representation in the Panchayats
Abstract: As we all know that today, how the women are facing the various problem in the functioning of panchayats. After getting the reservation in the panchayats, they are still depending on their husband or other male members of their family. So for knowing the status of women in the all level of panchayats in India, this paper which based on the secondary data is deal with the political participation and representation of the rural women in the panchayats in India. The theoretical perspective of the evolution of the panchayati raj system in India and the journey of the women in the local governance has also been explained in the study. The analysis of the required reservation for women in the all level of the panchayats in India, is also done in the study and some necessary steps for empowering the women in the panchayat level are also suggested.
Doc3
The document discusses the status of women in Pakistan. It states that women are the most oppressed social and political class due to social structures and cultural values that distribute power unequally. Educated urban women from higher classes have better status than illiterate rural women. While honor killings, domestic violence, and discrimination are common across Pakistan, women in remote tribal areas face the most adverse conditions. Exclusion of women from politics is socially and culturally determined, as the traditional male-dominated society and low social status of women due to feudal culture pose barriers. All women's groups have demanded that the state take affirmative action like reserving assembly seats for women to increase participation and end discrimination. However, real change will only come when
Similar to Caste & politics in india (20)
Socio – Economic Mobility among Schedule Caste: A Study of Village Mugalmagri...
Socio – Economic Mobility among Schedule Caste: A Study of Village Mugalmagri...
Representation and Violence_ Does Women Representation in the Parliament of B...
Representation and Violence_ Does Women Representation in the Parliament of B...
Women’s Political Participation and Representation in the Panchayats
Women’s Political Participation and Representation in the Panchayats
More from SociologyDepartment1
Max weber
Max Weber was a German sociologist and political economist known for his ideas of ideal types, social action, and forms of authority and legitimacy. Some of his major works examined the Protestant work ethic and relationship between Protestantism and the rise of capitalism. He is considered a founder of sociology and developed concepts such as ideal types, which are analytical constructs used for comparative analysis. Weber saw sociology as the science of interpreting social action and delineated four types: rational, value-rational, traditional, and affectual. His theories profoundly influenced social science.
Emergence of sociology
Sociology emerged from philosophical and intellectual developments in Europe in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The Enlightenment challenged traditional authorities and emphasized the scientific study of social phenomena. The Scientific Revolution and philosophy of history influenced viewing society scientifically. The Industrial Revolution and French Revolution drove major social changes, creating needs to study and understand emerging social problems. Early sociologists studied how industrialization and new social structures affected societies.
Agrarian crisis
The document discusses India's agrarian crisis, including rising farmer suicides, peasant movements, and agrarian unrest. It notes that the agrarian crisis is due to factors like dependence on rainfall, declining subsidies, lack of credit access, and declining investment in agriculture. Peasant movements in India include pre-independence movements against colonial exploitation, as well as post-independence movements led by socialists and communists advocating for farmer rights and welfare. Contemporary issues include ongoing farmer distress and suicides resulting from debt and crop failures.
Karl marx
Karl Marx was a 19th century philosopher who developed the theories of communism, socialism, and Marxism. Some of Marx's major ideas discussed in the document include dialectical materialism, historical materialism, the concept of base and superstructure in societies, modes of production, class consciousness, class struggle, surplus value, and alienation of workers. The document provides an overview of Marx's key theories and concepts.
Herbert blumer
Herbert George Blumer was an American sociologist known for developing symbolic interactionism. He was a proponent of George Herbert Mead's social psychology and labeled it as symbolic interactionism. Blumer focused on how people interpret meanings and behaviors in their social interactions and how this helps construct social worlds and identities. He outlined three basic premises of symbolic interactionism: that people act based on meanings of things, meanings come from social interactions, and meanings are interpreted and modified through social processes. Blumer made important contributions to the theories of symbolic interactionism and methods of social research.
Evolution
The document discusses several theories of evolution presented by Lamarck, Darwin, and Spencer. It defines evolution as the process by which life on Earth has changed over time from early forms to vast diversity today. Lamarck's theory proposed that acquired traits can be inherited, while Darwin's theory of natural selection stated that species evolve over generations as favorable traits are naturally selected in their environments. Spencer applied Darwin's theory to societies, arguing they also evolve from simple to complex forms through social changes analogous to biological evolution.
Charles Horton Cooley
Charles Horton Cooley was an American sociologist associated with the University of Michigan in the early 20th century. He was a founding member of the American Sociological Association and is best known for developing the concept of the "looking-glass self", which describes how individuals perceive themselves based on how they believe others view them. The looking-glass self involves three steps - imagining how one appears to others, imagining others' judgments, and developing feelings like pride or shame based on that imagined judgment. Cooley made important contributions to the concepts of self, socialization, and primary groups in sociological theory.
More from SociologyDepartment1 (7)
Recently uploaded
The History of Stoke Newington Street Names
Presented at the Stoke Newington Literary Festival on 9th June 2024
www.StokeNewingtonHistory.com
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)Academy of Science of South Africa
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/y977uz6bpd3af4qsebv7r9b7s21935vdHow to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP Module
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit - NGV Pavilion Concept Design
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
RPMS Template 2023-2024 by: Irene S. Rueco
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
The Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collection
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in Education
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Recently uploaded (20)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Caste & politics in india
- 1. S Caste & Politics in India Ms. Bushra Fatima (Dept. of Sociology) Shia P.G. College, Lucknow Ms. Bushra Fatima (Dept. of Sociology) Shia P.G. College
- 2. Caste S The term caste has been derived from the Portuguese term “casta” meaning race, breed, family or lineage. S A caste system emerge when a society is composed of birth-ascribed, hierarchically ordered and culturally distinct groups. S It has been observed that caste is a system of stratification of the society by birth in which mobility of the movement up and down the status ladder is normally not permitted. Ms. Bushra Fatima (Dept. of Sociology) Shia P.G. College
- 3. Ms. Bushra Fatima (Dept. of Sociology) Shia P.G. College
- 4. Politics S The word Politics is derived from Greek word “politika” meaning affairs of the cities. S It is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions that apply to groups of members and achieving and exercising positions of governance – organized control over a human community. S A political system is a framework which defines acceptable political methods within a society. Ms. Bushra Fatima (Dept. of Sociology) Shia P.G. College
- 5. Ms. Bushra Fatima (Dept. of Sociology) Shia P.G. College
- 6. Politics in India S Politics in India takes place within the framework of a “Constitution”. S India is a Federal Parliamentary “Democratic Republic” in which the President of India is the Head of State & the Prime Minister is the Head of Government. S Legislative power is vested in both the governments and the two chambers of the Parliament of India are the “Lok Sabha” & the “Rajya Sabha”. S India as a nation has been labelled as a “Sovereign-Socialist- Secular Democratic Republic” which is “Egalitarian Secular”. Ms. Bushra Fatima (Dept. of Sociology) Shia P.G. College
- 7. Ms. Bushra Fatima (Dept. of Sociology) Shia P.G. College
- 8. Caste & Politics in India S It is quite ironical that various political parties do not support the caste system yet they give top priority to the people in allocating the party tickets. S Caste plays a very important role in Indian Politics. S Caste & Politics have become inseparable components of Indian Political Process. Ms. Bushra Fatima (Dept. of Sociology) Shia P.G. College
- 9. Continuum S Caste in Politics in India provides one of the most important organizational clusters in which the population is found to live, politics must strive to organize through such a structure. S Caste prominence has been enhanced in the Indian Politics due to introduction of “Universal Adult Franchise”. S Due to this numerically caste groups suddenly become conscious about their bargaining strength and ahs provided a new dimension to Indian Politics. Ms. Bushra Fatima (Dept. of Sociology) Shia P.G. College
- 10. Ms. Bushra Fatima (Dept. of Sociology) Shia P.G. College
- 11. Consequences of Caste on Politics in India S Caste in no more regarded as the only base of politics. S Politician use caste as a tool of political mobilization or articulation. S Caste has decisive influence on political system. S Caste has the power to accommodate many groups and it acts as a cohesive element that absorbs tension and frustration. Ms. Bushra Fatima (Dept. of Sociology) Shia P.G. College
- 12. Continuum S Emergence of a new elite structure in which the leaders are drawn from varied caste groups. S Emergence of caste associations and institutions like caste conference, caste club, etc. S Emergence of caste federation composed of many castes having specific interests such as fighting to get reservation facility. Ms. Bushra Fatima (Dept. of Sociology) Shia P.G. College
- 13. Example of Major Caste in India S In Bihar Yadavs, Muslims, Rajput are the major castes. S In Uttar Pradesh Yadavs, Jats, and Thakur in central U.P. Yadavs, Rajput Jats and Thakur in east U.P. S Muslims, Brahmins, and Kayastha are the major castes in the state of West Bengal. S Banjara, Maratha, and Malis in the state of Maharashtra. Ms. Bushra Fatima (Dept. of Sociology) Shia P.G. College
- 14. Thank You Ms. Bushra Fatima (Dept. of Sociology) Shia P.G. College