2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Spread Of Colonial Rule
A. Motives
B. Tactics
ll. Colonial System
A. The Philosopy of
Colonial System
3. I. THE SPREAD OF COLONIAL RULES
• European nations began to view Asian and African
societies as sources of industrial raw materials and as
markets for Western manufactured goods.
• This relationship between the West and Asian and
African societies has been called the new imperialism
(see the comparative essay ‘‘Imperialisms Old and
New’’ on p. 610).
4. I. THE SPREAD OF COLONIAL RULES
A. The Motives
• Economics - Western
Industry Needs raw
material and reliable
markets.
5. I. THE SPREAD OF COLONIAL RULES
A. The Motives
• Social darwinist
survival of the fittest
6. I. THE SPREAD OF COLONIAL RULES
A. The Motives
• Religious Moral
Purposes
7. I. THE SPREAD OF COLONIAL RULES
B. The Tactics
• Economics needs lead to more control
• When their economic interests were more limited,
European states had generally been satisfied to deal with
existing independent countries. But for the most part,
the Western presence in Asia-and-Africa had been
limited to controlling the regional trade and missionary
activity. With the change in European motives for
colonization came a corresponding shift in tactics.
8. I. THE SPREAD OF COLONIAL RULES
B. The Tactics
• Competition for colonies
• Maintaining access to industrial raw materials such
as tin and rubber and setting up reliable markets for
European manufactured products required more
extensive control over colonial territories. As
competition for colonies increased, the imperialist
powers sought to solidify their hold over their
territories to protect them from attack by their rivals.
9. II. COLONIAL SYSTEM
• their primary objective was to exploit the natural
resources of the subject areas and to open up
markets for manufactured goods and capital
investment from the mother country.
10. II. COLONIAL SYSTEM
Indirect rule
• indirect rule was not feasible because local leaders
refused to cooperate with their colonial masters or
even actively resisted the foreign conquest. In such
cases, the local elites were removed from power and
replaced with a new set of officials recruited from the
mother country.
11. II. COLONIAL SYSTEM
Direct rule
• direct rule and indirect rule were not merely academic
and often had fateful consequences for the peoples
involved. Where colonial powers encountered
resistance and were forced to overthrow local political
elites, they often adopted policies designed to
eradicate thesource of resistance and destroy the
traditional culture.
12. II. COLONIAL SYSTEM
A. The Philosophy of Colonialism
• Central Control or collaboration with local Elites
13. II. COLONIAL SYSTEM
A. The Philosophy of Colonialism
• The Civilizing Mission
• Western democracy, capitalism, and Christianity to
the tradition-ridden societies of Africa and Asia,
the colonial powers were enabling primitive
peoples to adapt to the challenges of the modern
world.
14. II. COLONIAL SYSTEM
A. The Philosophy of Colonialism
• Assimilation or Association
• Assimilation which implied an effort to
transform colonial societies in the Western
image.
• Association implying collaboration with local
elites while leaving local traditions alone.
