Impact of Information Communication Technology in Enhancing the Management of the Natural and Cultural Heritage Resources in Idanre Hills for E-tourism Attraction
Many natural and cultural heritage resources that are supposed to create revenue generation and employment opportunity through tourism are nonchalantly abandoned without any developmental attention given to them. This has really deprived the community and the nation as a whole the economic growth, and recognition they deserve. To mitigate this problem, presented in this paper is the impact of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in enhancing the management of the natural and cultural heritage resources in Idanre Hills and its environs. A detail assessment of the level of development of the hills’ cultural and natural features was carried out based on the four components of tourism, namely: (1) Attraction, (2) accessibility, (3) accommodation, and (4) amenities. A conceptual e-tourism designed for the hills has the basic component of e-commerce. The stratified random sampling technique was used to collect the primary data, with the assistance of a semi-structured questionnaire. A 4-point Likert-type scale was employed in the questionnaire to illustrate the impacts of ICT in tourism. Analysis of variance perception of respondents about the impact of ICT on tourism business showed generalized additive model Group Arithmetic Mean (GAM) of 167.4; this simply means that the arithmetic means of respondents that accepted the application of ICT were more than the arithmetic means of respondents that rejected the application.
Engendering sustainable socio-spatial environment for tourism activities in t...ijceronline
The document summarizes a study that assessed the potential for knitting together the five states of South-Eastern Nigeria into a unified tourist destination of international significance. It identifies various tourism potentials across the region and evaluates the accessibility between state capitals. The study recommends adopting an Environmental Planning and Management process involving zonal, state, and local forums to coordinate development efforts and achieve a sustainable tourism environment across the region through public-private collaboration. This participatory approach aims to improve infrastructure like roads, airports, utilities and encourage private investment in tourism facilities.
ICT for Tourism SMEs in Emerging Marketssmagdaluyo
Targeting ICT for Tourism SMEs in Emerging Markets analyzes how to effectively sell information and communication technology (ICT) products to small and medium-sized tourism businesses in emerging markets. It finds that differences exist across countries and businesses in their ICT infrastructure and needs. Countries are classified as high or low infrastructure based on factors like internet connectivity. Businesses also vary in size, location, operations complexity, and ICT exposure. The report develops a framework to segment the market and tailor recommendations, such as subsidizing products for rural small businesses with low ICT exposure in low infrastructure countries. Future research ideas include analyzing uptake of ICT by business type and maturity and conducting comparative case studies.
An introduction to the concept of E - Tourism to beginners and those who want to have an idea about the impact of the integration of ICT with Tourism Industry
Impacts of Rural Tourism on Architectural and Cultural Heritage -The Cases of...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the impacts of rural tourism on the architectural and cultural heritage of rural communities in North-East India. It analyzes two case studies - Sualkuchi village in Assam and Mawlynnong village in Meghalaya. While rural tourism has brought economic benefits, it has also negatively impacted the traditional architecture, cultural practices, and environment of these villages. In Sualkuchi, traditional weaving practices and architecture are being replaced by commercialization and imitations. In both villages, construction and overtourism are threatening cultural sites and natural resources. The document argues for a more sustainable approach to rural tourism that preserves local heritage and environment.
The role of ict in tourism industry on economic growth case study iranAlexander Decker
This document discusses the role of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the tourism industry and its impact on economic growth in Iran. It first provides background on e-tourism and how ICT has affected the tourism industry. It then reviews literature on the relationship between tourism, ICT, and economic growth. The document goes on to describe the econometric methodology used, including cointegration analysis and Granger causality tests, to analyze the long-run and short-run relationships between e-tourism and economic growth in Iran. The results showed there is bidirectional Granger causality between e-tourism and economic growth in the long run, indicating investment in e-tourism can boost economic growth.
The document discusses information and communication technologies (ICT) in tourism. It provides an overview of how ICT is used across the tourism industry, from stakeholders to intermediaries to suppliers and destinations. Tourism is defined as an information-based industry due to its reliance on information to reduce uncertainty for both consumers and suppliers. Characteristics of tourism services like intangibility, syncronism, and non-storability increase information needs. The tourism market structure and value chain are also covered.
The perceptions of low, middle and high income socio economic groups in nairo...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the perceptions of low, middle, and high-income socioeconomic groups in Nairobi, Kenya regarding tourist attraction sites. The study found that education level impacted perceptions, with more educated respondents having more positive views of attractions like game parks. While the Kenyan government has tried to promote domestic tourism, participation remains low at 12.7% of total visitors due to negative attitudes among many Kenyans that view tourism as foreign-dominated. The study recommends educating residents and involving local communities near attractions to improve perceptions and support for domestic tourism.
Potentialities and Problems of Rural TourismPedro Cravo
Spatial planning aims to ensure the adequate and sustainable location of activities, balanced social and economic development, and environmental protection through citizen participation. It functions to efficiently use land for economic and social benefit at national, regional, and local levels. At local levels, spatial planning can promote entrepreneurship, support small businesses, and encourage public and private networks through infrastructure development and mobilizing endogenous resources. Rural tourism has potential to preserve culture, environment and diversify economies through job creation and valuing social groups, but requires investment, dynamic management, and maintenance. Partnerships can help by sharing ideas and experiences, reducing promotion costs, and creating a unified brand while encouraging cooperation and training. Recommendations include changing mentalities,
Engendering sustainable socio-spatial environment for tourism activities in t...ijceronline
The document summarizes a study that assessed the potential for knitting together the five states of South-Eastern Nigeria into a unified tourist destination of international significance. It identifies various tourism potentials across the region and evaluates the accessibility between state capitals. The study recommends adopting an Environmental Planning and Management process involving zonal, state, and local forums to coordinate development efforts and achieve a sustainable tourism environment across the region through public-private collaboration. This participatory approach aims to improve infrastructure like roads, airports, utilities and encourage private investment in tourism facilities.
ICT for Tourism SMEs in Emerging Marketssmagdaluyo
Targeting ICT for Tourism SMEs in Emerging Markets analyzes how to effectively sell information and communication technology (ICT) products to small and medium-sized tourism businesses in emerging markets. It finds that differences exist across countries and businesses in their ICT infrastructure and needs. Countries are classified as high or low infrastructure based on factors like internet connectivity. Businesses also vary in size, location, operations complexity, and ICT exposure. The report develops a framework to segment the market and tailor recommendations, such as subsidizing products for rural small businesses with low ICT exposure in low infrastructure countries. Future research ideas include analyzing uptake of ICT by business type and maturity and conducting comparative case studies.
An introduction to the concept of E - Tourism to beginners and those who want to have an idea about the impact of the integration of ICT with Tourism Industry
Impacts of Rural Tourism on Architectural and Cultural Heritage -The Cases of...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the impacts of rural tourism on the architectural and cultural heritage of rural communities in North-East India. It analyzes two case studies - Sualkuchi village in Assam and Mawlynnong village in Meghalaya. While rural tourism has brought economic benefits, it has also negatively impacted the traditional architecture, cultural practices, and environment of these villages. In Sualkuchi, traditional weaving practices and architecture are being replaced by commercialization and imitations. In both villages, construction and overtourism are threatening cultural sites and natural resources. The document argues for a more sustainable approach to rural tourism that preserves local heritage and environment.
The role of ict in tourism industry on economic growth case study iranAlexander Decker
This document discusses the role of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the tourism industry and its impact on economic growth in Iran. It first provides background on e-tourism and how ICT has affected the tourism industry. It then reviews literature on the relationship between tourism, ICT, and economic growth. The document goes on to describe the econometric methodology used, including cointegration analysis and Granger causality tests, to analyze the long-run and short-run relationships between e-tourism and economic growth in Iran. The results showed there is bidirectional Granger causality between e-tourism and economic growth in the long run, indicating investment in e-tourism can boost economic growth.
The document discusses information and communication technologies (ICT) in tourism. It provides an overview of how ICT is used across the tourism industry, from stakeholders to intermediaries to suppliers and destinations. Tourism is defined as an information-based industry due to its reliance on information to reduce uncertainty for both consumers and suppliers. Characteristics of tourism services like intangibility, syncronism, and non-storability increase information needs. The tourism market structure and value chain are also covered.
The perceptions of low, middle and high income socio economic groups in nairo...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the perceptions of low, middle, and high-income socioeconomic groups in Nairobi, Kenya regarding tourist attraction sites. The study found that education level impacted perceptions, with more educated respondents having more positive views of attractions like game parks. While the Kenyan government has tried to promote domestic tourism, participation remains low at 12.7% of total visitors due to negative attitudes among many Kenyans that view tourism as foreign-dominated. The study recommends educating residents and involving local communities near attractions to improve perceptions and support for domestic tourism.
Potentialities and Problems of Rural TourismPedro Cravo
Spatial planning aims to ensure the adequate and sustainable location of activities, balanced social and economic development, and environmental protection through citizen participation. It functions to efficiently use land for economic and social benefit at national, regional, and local levels. At local levels, spatial planning can promote entrepreneurship, support small businesses, and encourage public and private networks through infrastructure development and mobilizing endogenous resources. Rural tourism has potential to preserve culture, environment and diversify economies through job creation and valuing social groups, but requires investment, dynamic management, and maintenance. Partnerships can help by sharing ideas and experiences, reducing promotion costs, and creating a unified brand while encouraging cooperation and training. Recommendations include changing mentalities,
The document discusses the role of Information Communication Technologies (ICT) in tourism, both currently and historically. It defines ICT and provides examples of technologies used today, such as cell phones, the internet, GPS, and digital media. ICT plays a key role in tourism marketing, operations, and site management. Technologies like geospatial information systems help with tasks like land use planning and monitoring environmental impacts at tourism sites. While ICT is important for tourism businesses, it is best to design systems around business needs rather than letting technology dictate strategy. Rural areas also face challenges in accessing ICT that require innovative solutions.
Cultural and heritage tourism management; the value of cultural and heritage ...Witsathit Somrak
This research focuses on finding the value of local communities in Thailand and measuring the perception of local communities on the values of cultural heritage tourism and on the quality of life. The research scopes used in this study was to collect data from local people as a database, which was found by searching for local community values and creating a research tool to map the relationship between the values of cultural heritage tourism and activities relevant. This will be used to measure the perception of local communities in Thailand. The study found that most Thais recognise that the values of cultural heritage tourism has positive effects rather than negative effects, recognising that cultural heritage tourism has the most benefits economic impact, followed by culture, society and environment, respectively as well as the cultural heritage tourism has the most negative impact on the environment, followed by social, cultural and environmental issues.
GLOBALIZATION AND SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENTSarabindhGManoj
The document discusses the impacts of globalization and sustainable tourism development. It states that tourism is a large global industry that brings both positive and negative social consequences for local communities. Positively, tourism can provide infrastructure, employment, and improved quality of life. However, it can also lead to seasonal work, cultural changes as local people emulate tourists, and increased crime in destinations. The document also examines how globalization has increased mobility and tourism awareness but also security concerns. It provides examples of both beneficial and detrimental social impacts in destinations like Gambia, Brazil, Bali, and South Africa.
Rural tourism has the potential to alleviate poverty, empower women, uplift rural artists and artisans, improve infrastructure, and generate employment through the revival of traditional crafts. It provides economic opportunities outside of agriculture and creates jobs through activities like handicrafts. Developing tourism requires establishing policies and institutions to facilitate investment, infrastructure development, skills training, and heritage conservation while ensuring local communities benefit.
Based on the information provided, all stakeholders should share responsibility for sustainable tourism developments:
- Local communities: Have local knowledge but may lack resources/expertise for large-scale developments. However, they should be consulted.
- Government: Can provide funding, regulations and long-term planning. But may be influenced by large businesses.
- Private sector: Can provide jobs, investments. But profit-driven and may neglect environment/communities.
- NGOs: Can advise on protecting environment/cultures. But have limited power over decisions.
For truly sustainable tourism, all stakeholders need to work together in partnership, with open communication and compromise. Local communities need involvement in decisions that affect their land and liv
A Lesson from Vernacular Architecture in Nigeria
Ph.D. CandidateJoyce Lodson1,* Ph.D. CandidateJOHN EMMANUEL OGBEBA2, Dr. UGOCHUKWU KENECHI ELINWA3
1 Department of Architecture, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi state, Nigeria
2Department of Architecture, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Mersin 10, Turkey
3Department of Architecture, Cyprus International University, Famagusta, Mersin 10, Turkey
E mail:joycelodson@yahoo.com E mail: john.ogbeba@emu.edu.tr , E mail:uelinwa@ciu.edu.tr
A B S T R A C T
Contemporary architecture has its roots from the vernacular. Every cultural group in the world has its own form of vernacular though the approach may vary from place to place and from people to people. Vernacular architecture has many values which are relevant to contemporary architecture today. This paper looks at vernacular architecture in Nigeria as practiced by two ethnic groups who have varying climatic, religious and socio-cultural practices. The approaches to architecture by these two groups, i.e. the Hausas and Igbos, are looked at with the intention of finding positive values in the vernacular which can be applied to the contemporary. One of such values as seen in this paper is the harmony of traditional building materials with nature. Local building materials are able to meet housing needs without having detrimental effect on the environment. More emphasis should therefore be given to local building materials in the building industry today. The paper concludes by stating that for contemporary architecture to adequately meet the needs of man today, vernacular values which apply to the cultural and climatic needs of such places should be selected and imbibed.
Sustainable Livelihood
Poverty Alleviation
Uplift of Rural Artists
Uplift of Rural Artisans
Empowerment of Women
Improvement in Urban and Rural Infrastructure
Better Image, Quality of Life and Attitude of People
Revival of Traditional Crafts
Heritage Conservation
Conservation of Natural Resources
The document discusses developing mass tourism in developing nations. It covers the positive and negative economic, political, environmental, and sociocultural impacts of mass tourism. While mass tourism can provide income and jobs, it can also lead to overdependence on tourism, loss of cultural identity, and environmental damage if not managed sustainably. The document argues that developing nations can maximize tourism's benefits and minimize its costs through judicious planning, sustainable development policies, and stakeholder engagement to ensure tourism profits are distributed equitably.
The document discusses the economic valuation of eco-tourism. It defines ecotourism as responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment, improves local welfare, and involves education. Ecotourism aims to support biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. The document outlines pros like economic improvement and cons like ecosystem degradation. It explains how ecotourism helps economic growth through job creation and increased tax revenue. The multiplier effect is described as additional income and spending stimulating further economic activity. Factors affecting Pakistan's eco-tourism potential and its contribution to GDP are also analyzed.
Rural tourism is growing in importance worldwide. It provides economic opportunities for rural communities while allowing visitors to experience rural lifestyles and activities. The document discusses definitions of rural tourism and examples from around the world. Top rural tourism destinations include Ontario, Canada known for agri-tours of farms and Dunedin, New Zealand for its scenic landscape and proximity to wildlife. Rural tourism is beneficial as it generates income for rural areas and encourages preservation of local culture and environment.
Rural tourism has the potential to improve rural livelihoods and communities in India. It can generate jobs and income in rural areas through activities like farming, handicrafts, and cultural festivals. However, rural tourism also faces challenges like preserving culture and environment, developing infrastructure and skills, and ensuring benefits are shared. With support from the government and community cooperation, rural tourism could boost rural economies in a sustainable manner.
ICT for Sustainable Tourism in World Heritage Sites. An Overview and Some Caseslorenzo cantoni
Istanbul (Turkey), 7 November 2014: conference Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality. A Heritage of Hospitality and Hospitality for Heritage.
Keynote by prof. Lorenzo Cantoni, PhD, from Università della Svizzera italiana (USI Lugano, Switzerland).
Ecotourism can have both positive and negative socio-cultural, economic, and environmental impacts on destinations. Positively, it can increase financial opportunities for local communities, preserve natural habitats, and promote cultural pride and awareness of environmental issues. However, large tourist volumes can damage fragile ecosystems, introduce foreign values that weaken indigenous cultures, and increase costs of living in local communities. Proper management strategies are needed to maximize ecotourism's benefits while minimizing its risks and downsides.
Here is a summary of the positive and negative effects of ecotourism:
Positive Effects:
- Generates income and employment for local communities from tourism activities like guiding tours. This enhances economic development.
- Raises environmental awareness among both locals and tourists through interpretation and education. This fosters conservation values.
- Sustains local traditions and culture by showcasing them to visitors. This boosts cultural pride.
- Funds generated support conservation of natural areas that attract ecotourists. This aids protection of biodiversity.
Negative Effects:
- Overcrowding at popular ecotourism sites can degrade the environment through pollution, litter, and trampling of vegetation.
- Large visitor numbers may
Nature Based Tourism A Key Factor in the Development of Tourism in Arunachal ...YogeshIJTSRD
This paper aims to demonstrate the importance of Nature Based Tourism in the growth of tourism industry in Arunachal Pradesh. The paper is mainly focused on the different types of Nature Based Tourism which are currently performing well in the state and also to aware the people to know about the types of nature based tourisms and its involved events. The problems of tourism development are highlighted only in few lines but the main focus was on the two major types of nature based tourism i.e. ecotourism and adventure tourism. The main discussions is on the existing forms of ecotourism and adventure tourism in the state and to highlight how both the form of nature based tourism can contribute to the growth and development of tourism and economy of Arunachal Pradesh. The study also consists some government planning and policy to promote tourism in Arunachal Pradesh through nature based tourism. Apart from giving an overview of current literature and discussion, this paper also looks into present trends in ecotourism and adventure tourism. Mr. Nyaglen Gadi "Nature-Based Tourism: A Key Factor in the Development of Tourism in Arunachal Pradesh" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44980.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/geography/44980/naturebased-tourism-a-key-factor-in-the-development-of-tourism-in-arunachal-pradesh/mr-nyaglen-gadi
Effect of Usage of Information Technology on Information Services in Rwanda T...ijtsrd
The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of usage of information technology on information services in Rwanda tourism sector. It was carried out in Volcanoes National Park as a case study, with the following objectives To determine the aspects of information technology infrastructure used in Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda Development Board To assess the usage of information technology for information services in Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda Development Board and to determine the effect of usage of information technology on information services in Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda Development Board. The study design used was a descriptive case study. The target population was 19, 105 tourists and 180 employees of Volcanoes National Park, from which a sample size of 392 tourists and 122 employees were selected using Yamane’s formula. The sampling techniques used were simple random sampling and census respectively. Simple random sampling was used on tourists because they had the same level of information. For employees, census method was used to select Managers and ICT staff, whereas the rest of the employees were selected using simple random sampling technique. Data collection was done using questionnaires and interview guides. Collected data was analyzed using tables, weighted means, standard deviation and percentages, frequencies, and regression analysis. The data analysis tool that was used in this study was Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS version 19. The study found that, 100.00 of respondents indicated that the usage of cellular phones and the usage of RF tracking were two types of aspects technologies which are used very frequently.However, only 68.85 of respondents indicated thatcomputers network environment were very frequently used and 77.04 of respondents indicated GPS GIS technology as frequently used. Concerning the usage of information technology for information services, 100 of respondents indicated a very good use of information technology for online park booking, Online, customer care, Hotel Booking, Transport booking.Despite a very good use of IT in providing services in volcano National Park tourists indicated that Emergency services were moderate as indicate by 75.50 respondents. Meanwhile for health care services 43.60 of respondents indicated it as not effective.The study showed R equal to 0.737, this point out that there was a very strong positive multiple correlation between independent variables including usage of GPS GIS, usage of cellular phone GSM , usage of RF tracking devices, usage of VHF Radios, usage of internet websites, usage of computers and networks and the dependent variable information services . The study also revealed that R2= 0.543, which meant that 54.3 of total variation in y could be explained by linear relationship between x and y and the remaining total variation of 45.7 was unexplained. This correlation was generally described as acceptable one. The recommendations for Volcanoe
Residents’ Perception of Ecotourism Impact in Ekiti State: A Case Study of Ik...BRNSS Publication Hub
The document discusses a case study on residents' perceptions of ecotourism impacts in Ikogosi Warm Spring, Ekiti State, Nigeria. A survey was conducted with 150 residents to understand their views. Most residents agreed that the government and non-native tourism staff benefited most from ecotourism development. While some positive sociocultural impacts were seen, benefits were perceived as small and slow. Most residents recognized ecotourism's role in environmental protection but some felt it restricted local access to natural resources. Unequal benefit distribution influenced residents' mixed perceptions of ecotourism.
Influence of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Tourism Sector...Scientific Review SR
Nepal is a country blessed with natural beauty, diverse culture, majestic Himalayas, religious destination which attracts thousands of tourists every year making the tourism industry progressive to flourish. Information Communication Technology (ICT) proves to be an effective tool for strengthening the tourism industry. Thus, the purpose of this research study is to analyze about the past scenario of tourism industry, advent of ICT in tourism industry, positive impacts of ICT in tourism industry through in-depth interview with tourism experts and people who have worked for tourism since decades. This study is a form of qualitative research where narrative inquiry has been selected and the scenario has been analyzed through themes developed from the narratives. The result reveals that the emerging technology brings positive impacts to tourism industry assisting branding, promotion of the country, enhancing networks through communication and easily booking tours. The proper utilization of ICT helps to welcome tourists and to give identity of our country Nepal to the world.
This document discusses sustainable community development in Africa through disaster risk reduction in the tourism industry, using Nigeria as a case study. It defines key concepts like tourism, disasters, and disaster risk management. Tourism is seen as having great potential to reduce poverty in Africa due to its labor intensive nature and ability to create jobs in rural areas. However, concerns over safety from natural and human-caused hazards that cause disasters limit tourism growth. Effective disaster risk management can increase tourist safety and patronage, boosting local economies. The document advocates strategies to manage risks from hazards through prevention, mitigation and coping in order to promote national economic development via tourism.
Malaysia is not only unique country with a multicultural diversity but also has a rich and numerous culture and heritage treasures. Therefore, as technology growth across world, many cultural heritages might become missing without any effective efforts in preservation and conservation of the culture and heritage. Within this scenario, the qualitative study was conducted through documents review, a field observation followed by a face-to-face interview with corresponding respondents to empirically ascertain the narrative history and uniqueness of Gasing Leper Terengganu which further propose an alternative approach in preserving Gasing Leper Terengganu’s heritage.| Publisher: International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS)
Data Mining-based Real-Time User-centric Recommender System for Nigerian Tour...IJEACS
The tourism information system in Nigeria is not novel. What is novel is the need to develop reliable real-time recommender systems that can adequately aid tourists in their decisions. Several researchers have proposed various models. However, there are still issues about the applicability, effectiveness, efficiency, and reliability of the existing recommenders in the Nigerian tourism sector. This work is aimed at developing an improved model for real-time tourism recommender in Nigeria based on a data mining model. The objectives include the development of a data mining model for real-time reliable user-centric tourism recommendation and evaluation of the recommender system. To achieve these, a supervised machine learning-based classifier is modelled. The classifier system is evaluated using four thousand (4,000) datasets acquired from online and physical Nigerian tourism sources. Nine machine learning algorithms are compared during the testing process based on accuracy and other standard performance metrics. Experimental results show that the PART algorithm outperforms all other algorithms with an accuracy of 91.65%, F-Measure of 0.917, true positive rate of 0.913, the false-positive rate of 0.029, and the precision of 0.917, and recall of 0.917. In terms of efficiency, it also records the least time-to-model of 0.02 seconds. The rules generated from this algorithm are incorporated into the design of a prototype to test the recommender. The usefulness and efficiency scores based on test cases involving 20 participants prove that the recommender system would be a veritable tool for tourism in Nigeria.
The document discusses the role of Information Communication Technologies (ICT) in tourism, both currently and historically. It defines ICT and provides examples of technologies used today, such as cell phones, the internet, GPS, and digital media. ICT plays a key role in tourism marketing, operations, and site management. Technologies like geospatial information systems help with tasks like land use planning and monitoring environmental impacts at tourism sites. While ICT is important for tourism businesses, it is best to design systems around business needs rather than letting technology dictate strategy. Rural areas also face challenges in accessing ICT that require innovative solutions.
Cultural and heritage tourism management; the value of cultural and heritage ...Witsathit Somrak
This research focuses on finding the value of local communities in Thailand and measuring the perception of local communities on the values of cultural heritage tourism and on the quality of life. The research scopes used in this study was to collect data from local people as a database, which was found by searching for local community values and creating a research tool to map the relationship between the values of cultural heritage tourism and activities relevant. This will be used to measure the perception of local communities in Thailand. The study found that most Thais recognise that the values of cultural heritage tourism has positive effects rather than negative effects, recognising that cultural heritage tourism has the most benefits economic impact, followed by culture, society and environment, respectively as well as the cultural heritage tourism has the most negative impact on the environment, followed by social, cultural and environmental issues.
GLOBALIZATION AND SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENTSarabindhGManoj
The document discusses the impacts of globalization and sustainable tourism development. It states that tourism is a large global industry that brings both positive and negative social consequences for local communities. Positively, tourism can provide infrastructure, employment, and improved quality of life. However, it can also lead to seasonal work, cultural changes as local people emulate tourists, and increased crime in destinations. The document also examines how globalization has increased mobility and tourism awareness but also security concerns. It provides examples of both beneficial and detrimental social impacts in destinations like Gambia, Brazil, Bali, and South Africa.
Rural tourism has the potential to alleviate poverty, empower women, uplift rural artists and artisans, improve infrastructure, and generate employment through the revival of traditional crafts. It provides economic opportunities outside of agriculture and creates jobs through activities like handicrafts. Developing tourism requires establishing policies and institutions to facilitate investment, infrastructure development, skills training, and heritage conservation while ensuring local communities benefit.
Based on the information provided, all stakeholders should share responsibility for sustainable tourism developments:
- Local communities: Have local knowledge but may lack resources/expertise for large-scale developments. However, they should be consulted.
- Government: Can provide funding, regulations and long-term planning. But may be influenced by large businesses.
- Private sector: Can provide jobs, investments. But profit-driven and may neglect environment/communities.
- NGOs: Can advise on protecting environment/cultures. But have limited power over decisions.
For truly sustainable tourism, all stakeholders need to work together in partnership, with open communication and compromise. Local communities need involvement in decisions that affect their land and liv
A Lesson from Vernacular Architecture in Nigeria
Ph.D. CandidateJoyce Lodson1,* Ph.D. CandidateJOHN EMMANUEL OGBEBA2, Dr. UGOCHUKWU KENECHI ELINWA3
1 Department of Architecture, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi state, Nigeria
2Department of Architecture, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Mersin 10, Turkey
3Department of Architecture, Cyprus International University, Famagusta, Mersin 10, Turkey
E mail:joycelodson@yahoo.com E mail: john.ogbeba@emu.edu.tr , E mail:uelinwa@ciu.edu.tr
A B S T R A C T
Contemporary architecture has its roots from the vernacular. Every cultural group in the world has its own form of vernacular though the approach may vary from place to place and from people to people. Vernacular architecture has many values which are relevant to contemporary architecture today. This paper looks at vernacular architecture in Nigeria as practiced by two ethnic groups who have varying climatic, religious and socio-cultural practices. The approaches to architecture by these two groups, i.e. the Hausas and Igbos, are looked at with the intention of finding positive values in the vernacular which can be applied to the contemporary. One of such values as seen in this paper is the harmony of traditional building materials with nature. Local building materials are able to meet housing needs without having detrimental effect on the environment. More emphasis should therefore be given to local building materials in the building industry today. The paper concludes by stating that for contemporary architecture to adequately meet the needs of man today, vernacular values which apply to the cultural and climatic needs of such places should be selected and imbibed.
Sustainable Livelihood
Poverty Alleviation
Uplift of Rural Artists
Uplift of Rural Artisans
Empowerment of Women
Improvement in Urban and Rural Infrastructure
Better Image, Quality of Life and Attitude of People
Revival of Traditional Crafts
Heritage Conservation
Conservation of Natural Resources
The document discusses developing mass tourism in developing nations. It covers the positive and negative economic, political, environmental, and sociocultural impacts of mass tourism. While mass tourism can provide income and jobs, it can also lead to overdependence on tourism, loss of cultural identity, and environmental damage if not managed sustainably. The document argues that developing nations can maximize tourism's benefits and minimize its costs through judicious planning, sustainable development policies, and stakeholder engagement to ensure tourism profits are distributed equitably.
The document discusses the economic valuation of eco-tourism. It defines ecotourism as responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment, improves local welfare, and involves education. Ecotourism aims to support biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. The document outlines pros like economic improvement and cons like ecosystem degradation. It explains how ecotourism helps economic growth through job creation and increased tax revenue. The multiplier effect is described as additional income and spending stimulating further economic activity. Factors affecting Pakistan's eco-tourism potential and its contribution to GDP are also analyzed.
Rural tourism is growing in importance worldwide. It provides economic opportunities for rural communities while allowing visitors to experience rural lifestyles and activities. The document discusses definitions of rural tourism and examples from around the world. Top rural tourism destinations include Ontario, Canada known for agri-tours of farms and Dunedin, New Zealand for its scenic landscape and proximity to wildlife. Rural tourism is beneficial as it generates income for rural areas and encourages preservation of local culture and environment.
Rural tourism has the potential to improve rural livelihoods and communities in India. It can generate jobs and income in rural areas through activities like farming, handicrafts, and cultural festivals. However, rural tourism also faces challenges like preserving culture and environment, developing infrastructure and skills, and ensuring benefits are shared. With support from the government and community cooperation, rural tourism could boost rural economies in a sustainable manner.
Similar to Impact of Information Communication Technology in Enhancing the Management of the Natural and Cultural Heritage Resources in Idanre Hills for E-tourism Attraction
ICT for Sustainable Tourism in World Heritage Sites. An Overview and Some Caseslorenzo cantoni
Istanbul (Turkey), 7 November 2014: conference Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality. A Heritage of Hospitality and Hospitality for Heritage.
Keynote by prof. Lorenzo Cantoni, PhD, from Università della Svizzera italiana (USI Lugano, Switzerland).
Ecotourism can have both positive and negative socio-cultural, economic, and environmental impacts on destinations. Positively, it can increase financial opportunities for local communities, preserve natural habitats, and promote cultural pride and awareness of environmental issues. However, large tourist volumes can damage fragile ecosystems, introduce foreign values that weaken indigenous cultures, and increase costs of living in local communities. Proper management strategies are needed to maximize ecotourism's benefits while minimizing its risks and downsides.
Here is a summary of the positive and negative effects of ecotourism:
Positive Effects:
- Generates income and employment for local communities from tourism activities like guiding tours. This enhances economic development.
- Raises environmental awareness among both locals and tourists through interpretation and education. This fosters conservation values.
- Sustains local traditions and culture by showcasing them to visitors. This boosts cultural pride.
- Funds generated support conservation of natural areas that attract ecotourists. This aids protection of biodiversity.
Negative Effects:
- Overcrowding at popular ecotourism sites can degrade the environment through pollution, litter, and trampling of vegetation.
- Large visitor numbers may
Nature Based Tourism A Key Factor in the Development of Tourism in Arunachal ...YogeshIJTSRD
This paper aims to demonstrate the importance of Nature Based Tourism in the growth of tourism industry in Arunachal Pradesh. The paper is mainly focused on the different types of Nature Based Tourism which are currently performing well in the state and also to aware the people to know about the types of nature based tourisms and its involved events. The problems of tourism development are highlighted only in few lines but the main focus was on the two major types of nature based tourism i.e. ecotourism and adventure tourism. The main discussions is on the existing forms of ecotourism and adventure tourism in the state and to highlight how both the form of nature based tourism can contribute to the growth and development of tourism and economy of Arunachal Pradesh. The study also consists some government planning and policy to promote tourism in Arunachal Pradesh through nature based tourism. Apart from giving an overview of current literature and discussion, this paper also looks into present trends in ecotourism and adventure tourism. Mr. Nyaglen Gadi "Nature-Based Tourism: A Key Factor in the Development of Tourism in Arunachal Pradesh" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44980.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/geography/44980/naturebased-tourism-a-key-factor-in-the-development-of-tourism-in-arunachal-pradesh/mr-nyaglen-gadi
Effect of Usage of Information Technology on Information Services in Rwanda T...ijtsrd
The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of usage of information technology on information services in Rwanda tourism sector. It was carried out in Volcanoes National Park as a case study, with the following objectives To determine the aspects of information technology infrastructure used in Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda Development Board To assess the usage of information technology for information services in Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda Development Board and to determine the effect of usage of information technology on information services in Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda Development Board. The study design used was a descriptive case study. The target population was 19, 105 tourists and 180 employees of Volcanoes National Park, from which a sample size of 392 tourists and 122 employees were selected using Yamane’s formula. The sampling techniques used were simple random sampling and census respectively. Simple random sampling was used on tourists because they had the same level of information. For employees, census method was used to select Managers and ICT staff, whereas the rest of the employees were selected using simple random sampling technique. Data collection was done using questionnaires and interview guides. Collected data was analyzed using tables, weighted means, standard deviation and percentages, frequencies, and regression analysis. The data analysis tool that was used in this study was Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS version 19. The study found that, 100.00 of respondents indicated that the usage of cellular phones and the usage of RF tracking were two types of aspects technologies which are used very frequently.However, only 68.85 of respondents indicated thatcomputers network environment were very frequently used and 77.04 of respondents indicated GPS GIS technology as frequently used. Concerning the usage of information technology for information services, 100 of respondents indicated a very good use of information technology for online park booking, Online, customer care, Hotel Booking, Transport booking.Despite a very good use of IT in providing services in volcano National Park tourists indicated that Emergency services were moderate as indicate by 75.50 respondents. Meanwhile for health care services 43.60 of respondents indicated it as not effective.The study showed R equal to 0.737, this point out that there was a very strong positive multiple correlation between independent variables including usage of GPS GIS, usage of cellular phone GSM , usage of RF tracking devices, usage of VHF Radios, usage of internet websites, usage of computers and networks and the dependent variable information services . The study also revealed that R2= 0.543, which meant that 54.3 of total variation in y could be explained by linear relationship between x and y and the remaining total variation of 45.7 was unexplained. This correlation was generally described as acceptable one. The recommendations for Volcanoe
Residents’ Perception of Ecotourism Impact in Ekiti State: A Case Study of Ik...BRNSS Publication Hub
The document discusses a case study on residents' perceptions of ecotourism impacts in Ikogosi Warm Spring, Ekiti State, Nigeria. A survey was conducted with 150 residents to understand their views. Most residents agreed that the government and non-native tourism staff benefited most from ecotourism development. While some positive sociocultural impacts were seen, benefits were perceived as small and slow. Most residents recognized ecotourism's role in environmental protection but some felt it restricted local access to natural resources. Unequal benefit distribution influenced residents' mixed perceptions of ecotourism.
Influence of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Tourism Sector...Scientific Review SR
Nepal is a country blessed with natural beauty, diverse culture, majestic Himalayas, religious destination which attracts thousands of tourists every year making the tourism industry progressive to flourish. Information Communication Technology (ICT) proves to be an effective tool for strengthening the tourism industry. Thus, the purpose of this research study is to analyze about the past scenario of tourism industry, advent of ICT in tourism industry, positive impacts of ICT in tourism industry through in-depth interview with tourism experts and people who have worked for tourism since decades. This study is a form of qualitative research where narrative inquiry has been selected and the scenario has been analyzed through themes developed from the narratives. The result reveals that the emerging technology brings positive impacts to tourism industry assisting branding, promotion of the country, enhancing networks through communication and easily booking tours. The proper utilization of ICT helps to welcome tourists and to give identity of our country Nepal to the world.
This document discusses sustainable community development in Africa through disaster risk reduction in the tourism industry, using Nigeria as a case study. It defines key concepts like tourism, disasters, and disaster risk management. Tourism is seen as having great potential to reduce poverty in Africa due to its labor intensive nature and ability to create jobs in rural areas. However, concerns over safety from natural and human-caused hazards that cause disasters limit tourism growth. Effective disaster risk management can increase tourist safety and patronage, boosting local economies. The document advocates strategies to manage risks from hazards through prevention, mitigation and coping in order to promote national economic development via tourism.
Malaysia is not only unique country with a multicultural diversity but also has a rich and numerous culture and heritage treasures. Therefore, as technology growth across world, many cultural heritages might become missing without any effective efforts in preservation and conservation of the culture and heritage. Within this scenario, the qualitative study was conducted through documents review, a field observation followed by a face-to-face interview with corresponding respondents to empirically ascertain the narrative history and uniqueness of Gasing Leper Terengganu which further propose an alternative approach in preserving Gasing Leper Terengganu’s heritage.| Publisher: International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS)
Data Mining-based Real-Time User-centric Recommender System for Nigerian Tour...IJEACS
The tourism information system in Nigeria is not novel. What is novel is the need to develop reliable real-time recommender systems that can adequately aid tourists in their decisions. Several researchers have proposed various models. However, there are still issues about the applicability, effectiveness, efficiency, and reliability of the existing recommenders in the Nigerian tourism sector. This work is aimed at developing an improved model for real-time tourism recommender in Nigeria based on a data mining model. The objectives include the development of a data mining model for real-time reliable user-centric tourism recommendation and evaluation of the recommender system. To achieve these, a supervised machine learning-based classifier is modelled. The classifier system is evaluated using four thousand (4,000) datasets acquired from online and physical Nigerian tourism sources. Nine machine learning algorithms are compared during the testing process based on accuracy and other standard performance metrics. Experimental results show that the PART algorithm outperforms all other algorithms with an accuracy of 91.65%, F-Measure of 0.917, true positive rate of 0.913, the false-positive rate of 0.029, and the precision of 0.917, and recall of 0.917. In terms of efficiency, it also records the least time-to-model of 0.02 seconds. The rules generated from this algorithm are incorporated into the design of a prototype to test the recommender. The usefulness and efficiency scores based on test cases involving 20 participants prove that the recommender system would be a veritable tool for tourism in Nigeria.
Tourism Planning And Development Of Sustainable...Sheri Elliott
The document discusses several key concepts regarding sustainable development and sustainable tourism planning. It focuses on how sustainable development issues must be addressed to minimize negative tourism impacts and maximize benefits for tourism planning and future development. Rural and small island communities are particularly impacted as they have small populations and lack of businesses, which can increase unemployment. International organizations play an important role in tourism development by helping to plan, develop, and preserve destinations in a sustainable manner.
Distance training of teachers in a rural area in KenyaeLearning Papers
This document discusses a distance learning project for teachers in rural Kenya. It provides background context on technology and education in Kenya. Access to technology is limited in rural areas, with few having access to computers or the internet. Education also faces challenges, including high dropout rates and lack of teacher training opportunities. The project aims to provide distance training to address these issues, while being culturally sensitive to the local context.
ICOCI2013 Non Personal Interpretive Media at Cultural Heritage SitesSyamsul Bahrin Zaibon
This document summarizes a study on the use of non-personal digital interpretive media at cultural heritage sites in Central and East Java, Indonesia. The study examined 50 cultural heritage sites and found that only 8% provided digital interpretive media like audio and video. Non-personal interpretive media commonly used includes signs, displays, brochures and maps but digital options are underutilized. The document suggests that electronic non-personal media should be more widely adopted at cultural heritage sites to better inform and educate visitors given its effectiveness compared to traditional media.
Evaluating the Readiness to Implement an E Learning Technology to Support Edu...ijtsrd
The study sought thought to establish the preparedness of refugees in settlements to embrace E learning and Multimedia Technology as useful tool for supporting education and learning especially in mathematics, and basic health education when implemented. The study which covered Nakivale refugee settlement adopted the cross sectional survey research design. A questionnaire was administered to learners of senior one, primary six and an interview guide to teachers. The findings showed that majority of the respondents said that they did not have access to ICTs, Majority of the respondents were Ugandan origin and overall the respondents had low experience in performing computer functions. The findings gave a big view of the limited practical implication concerning the readiness to E learning and Multimedia Technology adoption to support education and learning in schools in Uganda. Dr. Alone. Kimwise | Mudaheranwa Benjamin | Beatrice Mugabirwe "Evaluating the Readiness to Implement an E-Learning Technology to Support Education" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28023.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/28023/evaluating-the-readiness-to-implement-an-e-learning-technology-to-support-education/dr-alone-kimwise
Influence of festivals and recreational facilities onAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a research study that examined the influence of festivals and recreational facilities on tourism development in Calabar Municipality, Cross River State, Nigeria. The study involved 200 tourism practitioners surveyed using a questionnaire. Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between festivals and tourism development, as well as between recreational facilities and tourism development. Based on these findings, the researchers recommended expanding cultural festivals and developing more recreational facilities across Cross River State to promote tourism.
The Digital Infrastructure for Knowledge Based Tourism Building Ontology Conc...YogeshIJTSRD
Tourism is a strategy for country to increase its income. Digital technologies are currently used to help improve tourism, for example with information about tourist areas through the website or Mobile Apps. Database is required as the basic infrastructure for implementing system when to support tourism In this research, we discussed about the database model that can stored tourism data. Tourism databases such as warehouses are rich in information about tourism. Tourism information can be in the structured or unstructured form. Database development is an important part of enhancing development supported by digital technology. In this research, ontology is applied for database development and it produce the ontologies that could be utilized for tourism. In this research, ontology is applied for database development and it produces the ontologies that could be utilized for gastronomic tourism. Khamida Tulaeva | Detty Purnamasari "The Digital Infrastructure for Knowledge Based Tourism: Building Ontology Concept by XML Schema Definition and Extensible Markup Language" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44944.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/44944/the-digital-infrastructure-for-knowledge-based-tourism-building-ontology-concept-by-xml-schema-definition-and-extensible-markup-language/khamida-tulaeva
Ecotourism emphasizes protecting nature and promoting sustainable tourism. It involves traveling responsibly to natural areas in a way that conserves the environment and improves livelihoods. While ecotourism can bring some pollution, its overall impact is more beneficial than harmful by improving quality of life, supporting conservation, and fostering cultural understanding if done sustainably. Ecotourism aims to educate travelers about ecology and environmental responsibility.
Symbolic participation in community-based tourism in Kelimutu National Park, ...IOSRJBM
Community participation in tourism development has been received a lot of attention. A research with qualitative and quantitative combination has performed to describe the community participation in ecotourism development in Kelimutu National Park, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. This research involves 362 respondent and 36 informants to describe the community participation in ecotourism program. This research shows that community participation was implemented in symbolic participation form. Community involvement practically only used as a conditions to get program approval. As a result, the majority of local community (48%) fell less involved in ecotourism development, especially in natural resources usage. Respondents has less concern to support attraction, accessibility and amenity preservation (49.2%) of tourism. It seems to be related to the respondent’s conditions, in which respondent state tourism in Kelimutu not contribute to the society prosperity. Since there are significant impacts of symbolic community participation, there are important to perform more strategy and approach to increase the participation level of the community in ecotourism program. The synergy among stakeholder to increase the community-based ecotourism with active community participation was needed.
A Research Project on an insight into promoting natural and cultural attractions in Obanliku L.G.A of Cross River State, Nigeria.
Similar to Impact of Information Communication Technology in Enhancing the Management of the Natural and Cultural Heritage Resources in Idanre Hills for E-tourism Attraction (20)
ALPHA LOGARITHM TRANSFORMED SEMI LOGISTIC DISTRIBUTION USING MAXIMUM LIKELIH...BRNSS Publication Hub
The document discusses the alpha logarithm transformed semi-logistic distribution and its maximum likelihood estimation method. It introduces the distribution, provides its probability density function and cumulative distribution function. It then describes generating random numbers from the distribution and outlines the maximum likelihood estimation method to estimate the distribution's unknown parameters. This involves deriving the likelihood function and taking its partial derivatives to obtain equations that are set to zero and solved to find maximum likelihood estimates of the location, scale, and shape parameters.
AN ASSESSMENT ON THE SPLIT AND NON-SPLIT DOMINATION NUMBER OF TENEMENT GRAPHSBRNSS Publication Hub
This document summarizes research on the split and non-split domination numbers of tenement graphs. It defines tenement graphs and provides basic definitions of domination, split domination, and non-split domination. Formulas for the split and non-split domination numbers of tenement graphs are presented based on the number of vertices. Theorems are presented stating that the mid vertex set of a tenement graph is always a split dominating set, but its size is not always equal to the split domination number.
This document summarizes research on generalized Cantor sets and functions where the standard construction is modified. It introduces Cantor sets defined by an arbitrary base where the intervals removed at each stage are not all the same length. It also defines irregular or transcendental Cantor sets generated by transcendental numbers like e. The key findings are:
1) There exists a unique probability measure for generalized Cantor sets that generates the cumulative distribution function.
2) The Holder exponent of generalized Cantor sets is shown to be logn/s where n is the base and s is the number of subintervals.
3) Lower and upper densities are defined for the measure on generalized Cantor functions and their properties are
SYMMETRIC BILINEAR CRYPTOGRAPHY ON ELLIPTIC CURVE AND LIE ALGEBRABRNSS Publication Hub
1) The document discusses symmetric bilinear pairings on elliptic curves and Lie algebras in the context of cryptography. It provides an overview of the theoretical foundations and applications of combining these areas.
2) Key concepts covered include the Weil pairing as a symmetric bilinear pairing on elliptic curves, its properties of bilinearity and non-degeneracy, and efficient computation. Applications of elliptic curves in cryptography like ECDH and ECDSA are also summarized.
3) The security of protocols like ECDH and ECDSA relies on the assumed difficulty of solving the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem (ECDLP). The document proves various mathematical aspects behind symmetric bilinear pairings and their use in elliptic curve cryptography.
SUITABILITY OF COINTEGRATION TESTS ON DATA STRUCTURE OF DIFFERENT ORDERSBRNSS Publication Hub
This document summarizes research investigating the suitability of cointegration tests on time series data of different orders. The researchers used simulated time series data from normal and gamma distributions at sample sizes of 30, 60, and 90. Three cointegration tests (Engle-Granger, Johansen, and Phillips-Ouliaris) were applied to the data. The tests were assessed based on type 1 error rates and power to determine which test was most robust for different distributions and sample sizes. The results indicated the Phillips-Ouliaris test was generally the most effective at determining cointegration across different sample sizes and distributions.
Artificial Intelligence: A Manifested Leap in Psychiatric RehabilitationBRNSS Publication Hub
Artificial intelligence shows promise in improving psychiatric rehabilitation in 3 key ways:
1) AI can help diagnose and treat mental health issues through virtual therapists and chatbots, improving access and reducing stigma.
2) Technologies like machine learning and big data allow personalized interventions and more accurate diagnoses.
3) The COVID-19 pandemic has increased need for mental health support, and AI may help address gaps by providing remote services.
A Review on Polyherbal Formulations and Herbal Medicine for Management of Ul...BRNSS Publication Hub
This document provides a review of polyherbal formulations and herbal medicines for treating peptic ulcers. It discusses how peptic ulcers occur due to an imbalance between aggressive and protective factors in the gastrointestinal tract. Common causes include H. pylori infection and NSAID use. While synthetic medications are available, herbal supplements are more affordable and have fewer side effects. The review examines various herbs that have traditionally been used to treat ulcers, including their active chemical constituents. It defines polyherbal formulations as combinations of two or more herbs, which can enhance therapeutic effects while reducing toxicity. The document aims to summarize recent research on herb and polyherbal formulation treatments for peptic ulcers.
Current Trends in Treatments and Targets of Neglected Tropical DiseaseBRNSS Publication Hub
This document summarizes current trends in treatments and targets of neglected tropical diseases. It begins by stating that neglected tropical diseases affect over 1.7 billion people globally each year and are caused by a variety of microbes. The World Health Organization is working to eliminate 30 neglected tropical diseases by 2030. The document then discusses several specific neglected tropical diseases in more detail, including human African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, soil-transmitted helminths, and schistosomiasis. It describes the causative agents, transmission methods, symptoms, affected populations, and current treatment options for each of these diseases. Overall, the document aims to briefly discuss neglected infectious diseases and treatment
Evaluation of Cordia Dichotoma gum as A Potent Excipient for the Formulation ...BRNSS Publication Hub
This document summarizes a study that evaluated Cordia dichotoma gum as an excipient for oral thin film drug delivery. Films were prepared with varying ratios of the gum, plasticizers (methyl paraben and glycerine), and the model drug diclofenac sodium. The films were evaluated for properties like thickness, folding endurance, tensile strength, water uptake, and drug release kinetics. The results found that a film with 10% gum, 0.2% methyl paraben and 2.5% glycerine (CDF3) exhibited the best results among the formulations tested. Stability studies showed the films were stable for 30 days at different temperatures. Overall, the study demonstrated that C.
Assessment of Medication Adherence Pattern for Patients with Chronic Diseases...BRNSS Publication Hub
This study assessed medication adherence and knowledge among rural patients with chronic diseases in South Indian hospitals. 1500 hypertensive patients were divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received education from pharmacists at various times, while the control group did not. A questionnaire evaluated patients' medication knowledge at baseline and several follow-ups. The intervention group showed improved medication knowledge scores after education compared to the control group. Female gender, lower education, and income were linked to lower knowledge. The study highlights the need to educate rural patients to improve medication understanding and adherence.
This document proposes a system to hide information using four algorithms for image steganography. The system first encrypts data using a modified AES algorithm. It then encrypts the encrypted data using a modified RSA algorithm. Next, it uses a fuzzy stream algorithm to add ambiguity. Finally, it hides the encrypted data in the least significant bits of cover images using LSB steganography. The document evaluates the proposed system using metrics like PSNR, MSE, and SSIM to analyze image quality and the ability to hide data imperceptibly compared to other techniques. It selects four color images as cover files and tests the system on them.
The document discusses Goldbach's problems and their solutions. It summarizes that the ternary Goldbach problem, which states that every odd number greater than 7 can be represented as the sum of three odd primes, was solved in 2013. It also discusses Ramare's 1995 proof that any even number can be represented as the sum of no more than 6 primes. The document then provides proofs for theorems related to representing numbers as sums of primes and concludes there are an infinite number of twin primes.
The document summarizes research on k-super contra harmonic mean labeling of graphs. It defines k-super Lehmer-3 mean labeling of a graph as an injective vertex labeling such that the induced edge labels satisfy certain properties. It proves that several families of graphs admit k-super Lehmer-3 mean labeling for any positive integer k, including triangular snakes, double triangular snakes, alternative triangular snakes, quadrilateral snakes, and alternative quadrilateral snakes. The document introduces the concept of k-super Lehmer-3 mean labeling and investigates this property for these families of graphs.
The document summarizes research on using various iterative schemes to solve fixed-point problems and inequalities involving self-mappings and contractions in Banach spaces. It defines concepts like non-expansive mappings, mean non-expansive mappings, and rates of convergence. The paper presents two theorems: 1) an iterative scheme for a sequence involving a self-mapping T is shown to converge to a fixed point of T, and 2) an iterative process involving a self-contraction mapping T is defined and shown to converge. Limiting cases are considered to prove convergence as the number of iterations approaches infinity.
This document summarizes research on analyzing and simulating the accuracy and stability of closed-loop control systems. It discusses various techniques for evaluating accuracy and stability, including steady-state error analysis, stability analysis, and simulation. Factors that can affect accuracy and stability are also identified, such as sensor noise, model inaccuracies, and environmental disturbances. The paper provides an overview of closed-loop control systems and their uses in various engineering fields like manufacturing, chemical processes, vehicles, aircraft, and power systems.
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
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Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17Celine George
In this presentation, we will explore how barcodes can be leveraged within Odoo 17 to streamline our manufacturing processes. We will cover the configuration steps, how to utilize barcodes in different manufacturing scenarios, and the overall benefits of implementing this technology.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Impact of Information Communication Technology in Enhancing the Management of the Natural and Cultural Heritage Resources in Idanre Hills for E-tourism Attraction
1. www.ajms.com 41
ISSN 2581-3463
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Impact of Information Communication Technology in Enhancing the Management
of the Natural and Cultural Heritage Resources in Idanre Hills for E-tourism
Attraction
Rotimi-Williams Bello1
, Jackson Akpojaro1
, Daniel Adebiyi Olubummo2
1
Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Africa, Toru-Orua, Bayelsa, Nigeria, 2
Department of
Computer Science, Federal Polytechnic, Ekowe, Bayelsa, Nigeria
Received: 15-05-2019; Revised: 01-06-2019; Accepted: 15-07-2019
ABSTRACT
Many natural and cultural heritage resources that are supposed to create revenue generation and
employment opportunity through tourism are nonchalantly abandoned without any developmental
attention given to them. This has really deprived the community and the nation as a whole the economic
growth, and recognition they deserve. To mitigate this problem, presented in this paper is the impact of
Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in enhancing the management of the natural and
cultural heritage resources in Idanre Hills and its environs.A detail assessment of the level of development
of the hills’ cultural and natural features was carried out based on the four components of tourism,
namely: (1) Attraction, (2) accessibility, (3) accommodation, and (4) amenities. A conceptual e-tourism
designed for the hills has the basic component of e-commerce. The stratified random sampling technique
was used to collect the primary data, with the assistance of a semi-structured questionnaire. A 4-point
Likert-type scale was employed in the questionnaire to illustrate the impacts of ICT in tourism. Analysis
of variance perception of respondents about the impact of ICT on tourism business showed generalized
additive model Group Arithmetic Mean (GAM) of 167.4; this simply means that the arithmetic means
of respondents that accepted the application of ICT were more than the arithmetic means of respondents
that rejected the application.
Key words: Analysis of variance, cultural resources, heritage resources, Idanre hills, information
communication technology, natural resources
INTRODUCTION
The Information and Communications
Technology (ICT) plays a major role in tourism,
travel, and hospitality industry. The integration
of ICT in the tourism industry is essential for
the success of tourism enterprise. ICT facilitates
an individual to access tourism products
information from anywhere anytime. In Oladeji
et al., e-commerce in the tourism industry has
emerged as a frontier area for information
technology. E-commerce as defined in Turban
and Linda, 2010; Bocij et al., 2008, are the
process of buying and selling or exchanging
products, services, and information through
Address for correspondence:
Rotimi-Williams Bello,
E-mail: sirbrw@yahoo.com
computer networks including the internet.
Tourism and e-commerce consist primarily of
the distributing, buying, selling, marketing, and
servicing of products or services over electronic
systems such as the internet and other computer
networks.[1-5]
It can sometimes involve electronic funds
transfer, supply chain management, e-marketing,
online marketing, online transaction processing,
electronic data interchange, automated inventory
management systems, and automated data
collection systems. It typically uses electronic
communication technology such as the internet,
extranet, e-mail, e-books, database, and mobile
phones. The emergence of the internet as a tool for
the business-to-consumer aspect of e-commerce
has far-reaching ramifications. Most importantly,
it has created opportunities for businesses to reach
2. Bello, et al.: Impact of ICT on heritage resources in Idanre hills
AJMS/Jul-Sep-2019/Vol 3/Issue 3 42
out to consumers in a very direct way and create
electronic markets.[6-10]
In general, as presented in Shanker, 2008, the
revolution in ICT has profound implications for
economic and social development. It has pervaded
every aspect of human life whether it is health,
education, economics, governance, entertainment,
etc. Dissemination, propagation, and accessibility
of these technologies are viewed to be integral
to a country’s development strategy. The most
important benefits associated with the access
to the new technologies are: (1) It increases the
supply of information; (2) it reduces the cost of
production; (3) it has overcome the constraints of
distance and geography; and (4) it has led to more
transparency. Idanre hills, like any other hills in
the world, are tourism area with abundant natural
resources of immensurable socioeconomic,
cultural, and ecological values.
Oladeji et al. opined that most tourism areas in
Nigeria are endowed with natural and cultural
resources that if developed could support other
tourism activities such as the development
of cultural tourism, heritage tourism, cultural
heritage tourism, creative tourism, agrotourism,
aquatourism, and other ecological tourism
activities such as game viewing, bird watching,
adventure/wilderness experience, and sport fishing
tourism (Ormsby and Mannle, 2006). However,
these values may be elusive if handled or treated
indiscriminately with impunity and nonchalant
attitude. Many research scholars had carried out
studies on Idanre hills since its inclusion among
World Heritage Sites in 2008.[11-15]
Their findings had provided useful information
on the ecological resources of the hills. Passage
of time, therefore, has made it necessary for the
appraisal, review, modification, and update of
some of the management tools and data generated
in line with the current global practices in
natural resources management and ecotourism
development. For the ecotourism potentials of
the hills to be maximized, there is need for the
emergence of appropriate, reliable, detailed and
accurate up to date data on the anthropological,
anthropogenic, natural, and historical cultural
heritage resources using the ICT. Therefore, there
is the need to develop a framework on the impact
of ICT in enhancing the management of the natural
and cultural heritage resources of Idanre hills for
e-tourism attraction.[16-20]
Tichaawa et al., 2017, opined that despite the
advances and growth in technology that have
occurred on a global scale, and the arguments
made in relation to its significance, Ashari,
Heidari, and Parvaresh, 2014, contend that few
studies, as yet, have researched the impacts of ICT
on tourism businesses. Consequently, the current
study recognizes the pressing need to close the
present research gap. Consequently, the current
study uniqueness is grounded in the fact that it
investigates the impact of ICT in enhancing the
management of the natural and cultural heritage
resources of Idanre hills and its environs for
e-tourism attraction businesses from a developing
country perspective. In this context, studying the
impact of ICT in enhancing the management of the
natural and cultural heritage resources of Idanre
hills and its environs for e-tourism attraction
businesses is relevant, as it might provide useful
insights into its implications for the future.[21-30]
In this paper, we set the following as the
objectives: (1) To review the relationship between
ICT, e-commerce, and e-tourism; (2) to carry out
detail assessment of the level of development of
the hills’cultural and natural features based on the
four components of tourism; and (3) to analyze
the impact of ICT in enhancing the management
of the natural and cultural heritage resources of
Idanre hills for e-tourism attraction. The rest of
the paper is organized as follows: In Section 2,
we present the case study area, in Section 3, we
present the related works, in Section 4, we present
the materials and method used in achieving the
objectives, the results are presented and discussed
inSection5,andSection6concludesthepaper.[31-35]
CASE STUDY
Idanre, Nigeria [Figures 1 and 2], is one of the two
cultural landscapes listed in 2008 World Heritage
Sites. The process of successful enlistment and
maintenance of this site have benefitted from
immense contributions of civil societies. Idanre
hills cultural landscape was the highest hill-
top settlement in Southwest Nigeria [Figure 3]
to have an elaborate settlement structure at the
apex of which was a palace that symbolized
and epitomized the political architecture of
Pre-Colonial Yoruba land. Idanre heritage site
is blessed with unique natural, archeological,
cultural, and historical resources consisting hills
of high plain with spectacular valleys interspersed
with inselbergs of about 3000 feet above sea level
that is of ecological, environmental, commercial,
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and social importance but yet to be explored. It
also has diverse variegated eco-systems of flora
and fauna. Idanre hills contain very important bio-
physical and landform features whose interaction
with the physical features created an enduring
cultural landscape within the setting. Idanre hills
are one of the most awesome and beautiful natural
landscapes in Ondo State and Nigeria.[36-47]
Added to its beauty which fires human curiosity
is the fact that the entire people of Idanre lived
on these boulders for almost a millennium. Since
emigration downhills in 1923, the topography,
Figure 1: Regional setting of the study area (Ogunbodede, 2012)
Figure 3: Idanre hills after 660 steps (Internet source)
Figure 2: Map of Nigeria and Ondo State showing the location of study area (Ige et al., 2011)
4. Bello, et al.: Impact of ICT on heritage resources in Idanre hills
AJMS/Jul-Sep-2019/Vol 3/Issue 3 44
vegetation as well as the fauna and flora life have
remained undistributed. However, the festivals
provide occasions for reconciliation of the low-
landers and their natural environments as well
as reenactments of historical episodes in local
Idanre history and its wider Yoruba ideology,
mythology, and confederacy. It remains the focal
point for many annual cycles of festivals. The
Owa’s palace, Belfry, Agboogun footprint, and
thunder water and remains of a house containing
the burial of the last king, a 19th
century district
Officers residence, a school, Colonial courthouse
as well as shrines that continue to attract large
number of pilgrims for special annual festivals
are to be more preserved. Several official
documents emphasize the need for sustainable
development at world heritage sites and
recognize its potentials in contributing to the
socio-economic well-being of the inhabitants of
the areas.Aside the intrinsic value of cultural and
natural site which necessitates its preservation,
Nigeria’s government sees it in the context of
employment for locals and possible revenue
generation.
RELATED WORKS
In Tichaawa et al., 2017, the fast-tracking and
synergistic interface between ICT and tourism
in recent times have brought about necessary
changes in the industry and in its receptiveness to
the former, in both developed and, increasingly,
developing contexts. The espousal of new
technologies has reformed the whole process of
tourism service development, management, and
marketing, as well as the entire tourism industry.
Due to their increasing impact on the efficiency
and effectiveness of tourism establishments,
ICT may be seen as being a fundamental part of
modern tourism business.
Hence, Mihalic and Buhalis, 2013, posit that the
tourism industry has undergone some important
changes due to the innovative developments
brought about by ICT. In the available literature,
ICT has been broadly used as referring to multiple
communication technologies, including the
wireless internet and smartphone applications.
Digital radio, television, and cameras are creating
a new global marketplace that is more competitive
by the day.According to Stiakakis and Georgiadis,
2011, and Tichaawa et al., 2017, ICT has gradually
generatedanewparadigmshift,alteringthetourism
industry’s structure, and developing a whole range
of opportunities and threats. Consequently,Aghaei
et al., 2012, provide a convincing argument when
they postulate that ICT provides a powerful tool
that can bring advantages to the promoting and
strengthening of the tourism industry’s strategy
and operations, in general.
Consequently, the impact of ICT in enhancing the
management of the natural and cultural heritage
resources of Idanre hills and its environs for
tourism attraction cannot be underestimated,
since they are a crucial driving force in the
current information driven society. Existing
scholarship that has focused on examining how
ICT has in recent time played an important role
in reshaping the tourism industry, most agree
that ICT has provided and continue to provide a
range of opportunities, for sub-sectors such as tour
operators, accommodation, restaurants, and travel
agencies in a globalized context.
Furthermore, a major contribution that has been
touted for the tourism industry also includes
improving productivity market and market share
(Muneta and López, 2013); (Buhalis, 2003);
(Buhalis and Molinaroli, 2002); (Chandler and
Munday, 2011); improve competitive advantage
(Buhalis, 1998); (Buhalis, 2003); (Namasivayam
et al., 2000); and business performance (Shanker,
2008), as well as reducing operational costs
(Bojnec and Kribel, 2004); (Dimitrios Buhalis
and Kaldis, 2008); and (Dimitrios Buhalis and
O’Connor, 2005).
Chen et al., 2013, perceive tourism to be a
powerful wagon for socio-economic advancement
and development, and, as such, small businesses
are seen to be creating capacity for people to
engage with the industry. However, the past
decade’s development of ICT and social media
has dramatically influenced and changed how
tourism and hospitality sectors produce, market,
and deliver their products, with their use having,
unquestionably, become an essential tool and
strategy. Karimidizboni, 2013, states that the
accelerated collision between technology and
tourism in recent years has brought about
indispensable changes in the understanding
of the nature of tourism, with all its economic
ramifications, within the tourism industry as a
whole.
Werthner and Klein, 1999, show the relationship
between the overall ICT, using the internet as an
example, and the variables are linked to it from
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a tourism perspective. Subsequently, a chain of
communication is created. The overall structure
of the industry has been transformed since
ICT and the internet have become the essential
communication tool for the industry. The
availability of internet resources and the internet
itself offers the tourism industry opportunities
to provide wider, deeper and more customized
offerings than before to a pool of clients, by
achieving active relationships at affordable cost,
and without substantially altering the quality of
information delivered.
According to Shanker, 2008, the contemporary
information society has made tourism a highly
information-rich and intensively structured sector,
as the dispersion of ICT has huge potential impacts
for the tourism business. Alam and Noor, 2009,
state that the business world has become deeply
influenced by ICT, with the application of ICT
among businesses being widespread. The impact
of ICT on businesses relates to the facilitation
of communication among organizational
stakeholders, with it serving as an effective sales
channel, and providing an effective platform for
engaging in marketing and other like-minded
pursuit.
In the light of the above, ICThas become important
tools in terms of an organization’s capabilities to
endure and to extend to a position of advanced
competition in the global economy, and, moreover,
in the digitalized economy (Parsons and Oja,
2013). A
nexus between tourism and ICT can,
unquestionably, not be established without ICT
having given organizations new managerial ways
in which to retrieve information (Alam and Noor,
2009). The last decade’s development of ICT, and
especially of the social media has, undeniably,
reinvented how the tourism and hospitality
industries produce, market and deliver their
offerings, as well as communicate both internally
and externally (Leung et al., 2013).
Lee and Wicks, 2010, and Law et al., 2009, argue
that ICT has become an invaluable business
tool and strategy that is capable of being used
efficiently within the travel sector. Nonetheless,
its use does require up-to-date knowledge of the
latest technological trends. A glance at the above
narrative has shown that, while tourism and
ICT have become an important research theme
in the last decade, analysis that focuses on such
a phenomenon from an African perspective,
and particularly on those who seek to unpack
the impact of ICT on the tourism sector, is still
regrettably scant.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The research approach adopted for this study was
a case study blueprint (Tichaawa et al., 2017). The
adoption of such an approach is common, with
it having previously been applied in scholarship
focusing on information systems and ICT. Veal
(2011) suggests that case studies can be empirical
in nature and that they study a contemporary
phenomenon within a real-life context (Tichaawa
et al., 2017). Since the aim of the current research
was to study the impact of ICT in enhancing
the management of natural and cultural heritage
resources in Idanre hills for e-tourism attraction
businesses in Idanre and Nigeria as a whole, a case
study approach was deemed appropriate by the
researchers, as it presents an opportunity to select
cases for observation.
Relevant internet sources, including documentary
video from Ondo State Ministry of Culture and
Tourism were used. Stratified random sampling
technique was used to collect primary data, with
the assistance of a semi-structured questionnaire.
The tourism businesses identified in were stratified
into three groups: Hotels; travel agencies; and
tour guiding companies. Within the named strata,
the participants were randomly selected, so as
to give each of the subgroups a fair chance of
participating in the study. Purposive sampling was
used to identify the participants with knowledge
about the current business and activities in terms
of its performance and satisfaction relative to ICT.
The questionnaire used was based on the
competitiveness resource model developed by
MihaličandDmitrović,2000,whichhaspreviously
been applied in previous research on the impacts
of ICT on various industries (Prašnikar, 2000).
The model was deemed suitable as the basis of
the currently employed questionnaire since the
model in question measures the impacts of ICT
in enhancing heritage resources management for
e-tourism attraction. Respondents were requested
to rate the impact of ICT in enhancing heritage
resources management for e-tourism attraction:
Using the following descriptors that are all
employed in this study: Increased competitiveness;
speeded up service; increased market share;
heightened customer satisfaction levels; improved
company image; reduced business operating
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costs; improved profitability; and opening up of
new markets (Mihalic and Buhalis, 2013).
A 4-point Likert-type scale with the option of
strongly agreed, agreed, disagreed, and strongly
disagree and with a weighted scale of 4, 3, 2, and
1, respectively, was employed in the questionnaire
to illustrate the impacts of ICT in enhancing
heritage resources management for e-tourism
attraction. Each statement item highlighting a
particular perception was used to calculate the
mean weight value or mean of a group data and
recorded. The group arithmetic mean (GAM)
was applied to all the calculated mean of a group
of items under each subheading and recorded.
The GAM result was then used as a baseline for
determining the cutoff mark to accept or reject a
variable item as being accepted or rejected by the
majority.
Components of tourism as tools
Detail assessments of the level of development
of the cultural and natural features in Idanre
hills and its environs were also carried out, and
the assessments revealed information on their
developmental status. This was done based on
the four components of tourism, namely; (1)
attraction, (2) accessibility, (3) accommodation,
and (4) amenities.
Attraction
• It is the most important element and object
that attract people to travel.
• It includes cultural sites, archeological sites,
historical buildings, and monuments or
scenery such as flora and fauna, beach, resorts,
mountains, and national parks.
• It also includes events such as trade fairs,
exhibitions, and sports events.
• It is the preconditions of travel. It attracts
people and provides pleasure.
• It attracts and attaches people to enjoy and
involve in tourism activities.
• Two types of attraction:
a.
Natural attraction: Attraction places
made by nature, for example, climate,
natural beauty, landscape, mountains,
water resources, flora and fauna, wildlife,
beaches, safari, and caves.
b. Man-madeattraction:Attractiondeveloped
by man, for example, historical buildings,
monuments, music, festivals, temples,
churches, leisure parks, museums, and
discos.
Accessibility
• It is important key factor for the development
of tourism.
• Attraction may be wherever but without
accessibility cannot reach toward that place.
• It is the mode of transportation which helps
the tourist to reach the destination.
• Three types of transportation:
a. Surface: Transportation inland through
roadways or railways. It is the cheapest
means of transportation.
b. Air transportation: Transportation through
airways to travel a long distance. It has
helped a lot as people can travel long
journey over the ocean, sea, and through
high mountains.
c. Water transportation: Transportation
through the water. It made important
contribution to travel in 19th
century after
the innovation of shipping technology.
Accommodation
• It includes food and lodging facilities to the
guest.
• It should be comfortable; services and facilities
should be provided.
• Two types of accommodation:
a. Serviced accommodation: It refers to the
services provided by the hotel, lodges, etc.
Different hotels are established to provide
service of lodging and food to the guest.
b.
Self-catering or supplementary
accommodation: It refers to the premises
which offer accommodation but not the
services of the hotel. It provides food and
accommodation in return for cash per day,
for example, Youth hostel and Tourist
holiday villages.
Amenities
• Extra facilities and services required to the
guest while traveling.
• Facilities complement to the attraction.
• It also provides facilities such as providing
visa and tickets.
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• Two types of amenities:
a. Natural: Seashores, sea bath, fishing, rock
climbing, trekking, sightseeing, river,
sunrise, etc.
b. Manmade: Dance, music, drama, cinema,
swimming pool, fair and festivals, internet,
etc.
E-commerce for tourism design
The World Wide Web (web) is a client/server
application layer on top of the internet that
provides simple standard protocols for naming,
linking and accessing virtually everything on the
Internet (Davis and Benamati, 2003). The internet
provides a set of interconnected networks for
individuals and business to complete transaction
electronically (Valacich and Schneider, 2009).
The key technological infrastructure component
of e-commerce includes the web server hardware
platform with the appropriate software. The web
server must run on an operating system, and in
addition to this, each e-commerce website must
have web server software to perform fundamental
service which may include the security and
identification, retrieval and sending of web pages,
websites tracking, website development, and
web page development, the e-commerce which
supports adverts on the site, catalog management,
product configuration, shopping cart facilities,
and e-commerce transaction processing and web
traffic data, a high-speed connection to networks
and internet.
Internet is the collection of all computers that can
communicate using the internet protocol suit, with
the computers and networks registered with the
Internet Network Information Centre (InterNIC).
The internet allows communication between
millions of connected computers worldwide.
Information is transmitted from client PCs whose
users request services in response to requests.
The internet is a large scale client/server system,
the client PCs within homes and businesses are
connected in the internet through local internet
service providers (ISP) which in turn are linked to
larger ISPs with connections to the major national
and international infrastructures. The e-tourism
system has the basic component of catalog of
product, shopping cart, check out, payment
gateway (payment processing network), customer
account, internet merchant account, and company
account. Customers can browse the catalog of
tourism product and shop carts it. The gateway
component accepts credit card details and sends
to the payment gateway for authorization on
the premise of adequate security using the SSL
technology (Oladeji et al., 2013).
Funds are reserved into the customer account
and later transfer to the merchant account, and
then to the company account of the site. Figure
4 presents the conceptual diagram of e-commerce
model for the tourism hills. One way to pass logic
from a web server to a browser is to write a set
of macro-like instructions called a script in a
scripting language (java scripts). A script might be
used to animate an image on a window, highlight
an icon, or play an audio file when the mouse
pointer moves over a spot on the client screen.
Scripts are also used to validate the completeness
and accuracy of the data input to a browser-based
form. To add more interesting interactivity to
a web page, applets, small programs executed
from within another program such as a browser
can be downloaded to a client. After a customer
Figure 4: Conceptual e-commerce model for Idanre hills
(Adapted from Oladeji et al., 2013)
Idanre Hills Web Site
Catalog of Products
Check Out
Shopping Cart
Payment
Gateway/Authorization
Customer Bank
Customer
Account
Internet Merchant
Account
Company Account
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has chosen all he/she wants to purchase, then an
invoice is processed to specify in detailed term
what needs to be paid and for what items. Booking
can also be included in this module.
Payments are an integral part of business, whether
in the traditional way or online. The most common
methods as discussed in Turban and Linda, 2010,
for electronic payment system in E-commerce
includes the Electric credit card, Electronic bill
payments (Online banking, Biller direct, and Bill
consolidator), E-Wallets (digital wallets), Virtual
credit cards, and Payment using fingerprints. The
system employed the VISA and the MasterCard
card that are recently available in most of the
Nigerian Banks. In Ciampa, 2009, there are
several network security devices that can be used
to protect the network from attacks. These include
firewalls, proxy servers, honey pots, network
intrusion detection systems, host and network
intrusion prevention systems, protocol analyzers,
internet content filter, and integrated network
system hardware.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Analyzed in Table 1 is the analysis of variance
(ANOVA) perception of respondents about the
impacts of ICT on the tourism business. The
employed questionnaire measures the impacts of
ICT in enhancing heritage resources management
for e-tourism attraction. Respondents were
requested to rate the impact of ICT in enhancing
heritage resources management for e-tourism
attraction: Using the following descriptors
that are all employed in this study: Increased
competitiveness; speeded up service; increased
market share; heightened customer satisfaction
levels; improved company image; reduced
business operating costs; improved profitability;
and opening up of new markets.
Based on the tourism businesses such as hotels,
travel agencies, and tour guiding companies
on whom the descriptors that were employed
were measured; having randomly selected the
participants, so as to give each of the subgroups
a fair chance of participating in the study; results
on Table 1 show that ICT has great impacts on
increased competitiveness, reduced operating,
and improved profitability yielding mean values
of 189.2 in all the three descriptors.
ICT heightened customer satisfaction levels with
a mean value of 193.2. It speeded up service and
encouraged opening of new markets with mean
values of 185.1. To some respondents, ICT has
little contribution to add to increasing market value
and improving company image with evidence of
poor mean value of 102 and 106.1, respectively.
The educational level of the respondents and their
marital status greatly affected the response got from
the questionnaire. It was discovered that more than
halfofthetouristsaresinglewhilebelowaverageare
married,divorcedorseparated.Thisstudy,therefore,
links the response got from respondents to their IT
literacy which clearly shows that educated people
and single people are more involved in e-tourism.
The results generated from the ANOVA showed
that more women than men were found to be
involved in tourism-related businesses at the owner
level. Such finding is vital in Idanre and Nigeria
as a whole among the self-reliance. However, of
said percentage, very few indicated having either
tourism or hospitality-related qualification. In
addition, most of the businesses indicated that they
had been in operation for a long period of time.
Many people believed that with ICT, Idanre hills
possessed the natural and cultural features that can
make it rank as one of the high ranking resort center
in the world. Evidence from this study suggests
that, in the context of Nigeria, it can be argued
that ICT has had an inexorable impact on many of
Table 1: ANOVA perception of respondents about the impact of ICT on tourism business
S. No. Impact variables SA A D SD Mean Remark
1. Increased competitiveness 246 247 60 47 189.2 Accept
2. Speeded up service 206 279 75 40 185.1 Accept
3. Increased market share 60 50 140 350 102 Reject
4. Heightened customer satisfaction levels 301 181 70 45 193.2 Accept
5. Improved company image 20 22 357 201 106.1 Reject
6. Reduced operating cost 247 246 60 47 189.2 Accept
7. Improved profitability 247 246 60 47 189.2 Accept
8. Opening up of new markets 206 279 75 40 185.1 Accept
Overall impact of ICT on GAM 167.4
ANOVA: Analysis of variance, ICT: Information Communication Technology, SA: Strongly agreed, A: Agreed, D: disagreed, SD: Strongly disagree
9. Bello, et al.: Impact of ICT on heritage resources in Idanre hills
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the country’s economic sectors and their related
performance. Therefore, the country’s tourism and
hospitality subsectors cannot be excluded from
such impacts. ICT makes it possible for tourism
businesses to disseminate information about
available tourist products and services before
travel, apart from increasing the possibility of
such ICTs enhancing tourists’ satisfaction levels.
CONCLUSION
Presented in this paper was the impact of ICT in
enhancing the management of natural and cultural
heritage resources in Idanre hills for e-tourism
attraction. Nobody can underestimate the role of ICT
in the tourism industry as it is an important driving
force in the current information driven society.
New tools have been provided by ICT and new
distribution channels enabled making the creation
of new business environment possible. Many
business transactions in the tourism industry such
as online booking arrangement have been facilitated
by ICT tools through e-commerce which allows
the communication of business transaction with
trading partners, distribution of product services, and
providing information to consumers across the globe.
Therefore, for tourism businesses to increase their
competitive position, the conclusion is drawn
that they should incorporate ICT in their business
practice so as to increase their performance. As
a result, tourism enterprises need to understand,
incorporate, and utilize ICT systems strategically
to: (1) Serve their target markets; (2) improve
their efficiency; (3) maximize their profitability;
(4) enhance their services; (5) and maintain their
long-term profitability.
It is also worth emphasizing that with ICT;
advertisement through both visual and audio media
will intensify and induce awareness of tourists to
the tourism site. Idanre hills have nothing 660
steps, to climb this is another task but, with lifts,
tourist will be more encouraged to patronize the
site. This can only be achieved technologically;
another impact of ICT if put into use.
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