IT (Information and Communication Technology) companies are facing the dilemma of decreasing
productivity despite increasing research and development efforts. M&A (Merger and Acquisition) is being
considered as a breakthrough solution. From existing research, it has been pointed out that M&A leads to
the emergence of new innovations. Purpose of this study was to discuss the efficient ways of acquisition and
to resolve the dilemma of productivity decline by clarifying how the technology obtained through M&A
leads to the creation of new innovations. Hypothesis 1 was that the technology acquired through M&A is
utilized for innovation creation, Hypothesis 2 was that the acquired technology is utilized over a long
period of time, and Hypothesis 3 was that a long-term utilization has a positive impact on corporate
performance. The results, using sports prosthetics as a case study and using patents as a proxy variable,
confirmed all the hypotheses set. We have revealed that long-term utilization of technology obtained
through M&A is effective for creating new innovations.
AUDIT EXERCISEWhen trying to determine the ability of the organi.docxikirkton
AUDIT EXERCISE
When trying to determine the ability of the organization to manage technology and innovation, it is important for managers to understand the firm s capabilities. Capabilities are the set of characteristics an organization possesses to facilitate and support its strategies. In the management of innovation and technology, there are a number of frameworks for determining the innovative capabilities of the organization. The Innovative Capabilities Audit Framework22 indicates five categories of variables for a business to consider. These categories are:
1. Resource availability and allocation
2. Capacity to understand competitors' strategies and industry evolution with respect to innovation
3. Capacity to understand technological developments relevant to the business
4. Structural and cultural context of the business unit affecting intrepreneurship (internal entrepreneurship)
5. Strategic capacity to deal with innovation initiatives by internal entrepreneurs
What type of information would you need to collect in each of these five areas to determine when, where, how, if, and what innovations should be undertaken in the business? Be specific and justify your answer.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
1. Discuss the definition of technology from a strategic point of view.
2. Discuss the role of innovation in the strategic management process.
3. Define management of technology and give an example based on your knowledge.
4. Define management of innovation and give an example of how a firm can manage innovation processes.
5. Give an example of GE s management of technology and how they were able to gain a competitive advantage from those activities.
PART ONE OPENING CASE: GENERAL ELECTRIC
The GE case illustrates the changes a company can go through because of a change in technology and innovation. What changes in technology do you think GE has undertaken? In process? In product? What type of innovation do you think these changes illustrate (see Figure 1.4)
(White 29)
White, Margaret A., Garry Bruton. The Management of Technology and Innovation: A Strategic Approach, 2nd Edition. South-Western, 2014-08-04. VitalBook file.
The citation provided is a guideline. Please check each citation for accuracy before use.
APPENDIX 1 Social Responsibility and Management of Technology and Innovation
This appendix discusses social responsibility and managing technology and innovation. In recent years, societys expectations of business have changed. Society expects that firms will act in the public interest rather than focus on maximizing profits at any cost. The expectations that firms will act to benefit society will continue in the future and in fact will be expected to become even stronger.1 As a result the social issues surrounding either internal innovation or externally obtaining technology will increase both the complexity of technology management and the impact on firm performance. Thus, by considering social issues, managers may not only impact the firms ...
THE FRAMEWORK OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (FAI): DRIVING TRIGGERS, STATE OF TH...ijaia
The authors present a new Framework of Artificial Intelligence which analyzes the key elements of
transformational AI in industry. The State of the Art of Artificial Intelligence is gleaned from an
examination of what has been done in the past, presently in the last decade and what is predicted for future
decades. The paper will highlight the biggest changes in AI, important influencers to adoption/diffusion
and give examples of how these technologies have and will be applied in three key industrial sectors,
including agriculture, education and healthcare. Next the research examines seven driving triggers of cost,
speed, accuracy, diversity/inclusion, interdisciplinary research/collaboration and ethics/trustworthiness
that are accelerating AI development and concludes with a discussion of what are the critical success
factors for industry to be transformational in AI.
An Assessment of Project Portfolio Management Techniques on Product and Servi...iosrjce
The crises of product and service innovation in most organisations due to global competition and
the need for scientific research in the project portfolio management discipline were factors that motivated this
research. The purpose of this study is to investigate how project portfolio management(ppm) contributes to
product and service innovation. A questionnaire was developed to gather data to compare the PPM methods
used, PPM performance and resulting new product success measures in sixty Nigeria organisations in a diverse
range of service and manufacturing industries. The study findings indicated that PPM practices have a greater
impact in the new product and services success rate. Also, business strategy method result in better alignment
of the projects in the portfolio. This conclusion is supported by the 0.630 Pearson correlations at 0.000
significance between percentage of successful products and PPM performance level. The results reveal that for
better innovation outcomes, management should place a priority on developing and improving PPM.
An Analytic Network Process Modeling to Assess Technological Innovation Capab...drboon
To handle swift changes in global environment, Technological Innovation Capabilities (TICs) is one crucial and unique strategy to increase firms’ competitiveness. This research proposed a systematic framework of TICs assessment by employing Analytic Network Process (ANP) method for solving the complicate decision-making and assessing the interrelationship among various evaluation factors, whereas the relative important weight data were provided by industrial experts based on pair-wise comparison. With the novel TIC assessment model, high-level managers could easily gain management information to rationalizes the decision-making process based on the most important criteria which affect the firms’ competitive advantages and the highest priority factors which were needed to be handled. The last section also displayed the application of TICs assessment on three Thai automotive parts firms, as case study.
The entrepreneurship, in today’s globalized economy, is linked with autonomy, venturing into new business, development of new products, pro-activeness, taking risks, innovation, strategic renewal, self-renewal, and competitive aggressiveness (Zahra and Garvis 1998). In this age of rapid developments in technology and the emerging global markets, the IT company has been able to utilize and develop its resources. The principles of corporate entrepreneurship are followed by prospering through the absorption of the pressures. It is a well known doctrine that the company’s performance is positively impacted by the involvement of corporate entrepreneurship (Wiklund 2009). The implication of this is by practicing entrepreneurship, the organizations would be successful in increasing the results that can be leading to the increase in GDP.
AUDIT EXERCISEWhen trying to determine the ability of the organi.docxikirkton
AUDIT EXERCISE
When trying to determine the ability of the organization to manage technology and innovation, it is important for managers to understand the firm s capabilities. Capabilities are the set of characteristics an organization possesses to facilitate and support its strategies. In the management of innovation and technology, there are a number of frameworks for determining the innovative capabilities of the organization. The Innovative Capabilities Audit Framework22 indicates five categories of variables for a business to consider. These categories are:
1. Resource availability and allocation
2. Capacity to understand competitors' strategies and industry evolution with respect to innovation
3. Capacity to understand technological developments relevant to the business
4. Structural and cultural context of the business unit affecting intrepreneurship (internal entrepreneurship)
5. Strategic capacity to deal with innovation initiatives by internal entrepreneurs
What type of information would you need to collect in each of these five areas to determine when, where, how, if, and what innovations should be undertaken in the business? Be specific and justify your answer.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
1. Discuss the definition of technology from a strategic point of view.
2. Discuss the role of innovation in the strategic management process.
3. Define management of technology and give an example based on your knowledge.
4. Define management of innovation and give an example of how a firm can manage innovation processes.
5. Give an example of GE s management of technology and how they were able to gain a competitive advantage from those activities.
PART ONE OPENING CASE: GENERAL ELECTRIC
The GE case illustrates the changes a company can go through because of a change in technology and innovation. What changes in technology do you think GE has undertaken? In process? In product? What type of innovation do you think these changes illustrate (see Figure 1.4)
(White 29)
White, Margaret A., Garry Bruton. The Management of Technology and Innovation: A Strategic Approach, 2nd Edition. South-Western, 2014-08-04. VitalBook file.
The citation provided is a guideline. Please check each citation for accuracy before use.
APPENDIX 1 Social Responsibility and Management of Technology and Innovation
This appendix discusses social responsibility and managing technology and innovation. In recent years, societys expectations of business have changed. Society expects that firms will act in the public interest rather than focus on maximizing profits at any cost. The expectations that firms will act to benefit society will continue in the future and in fact will be expected to become even stronger.1 As a result the social issues surrounding either internal innovation or externally obtaining technology will increase both the complexity of technology management and the impact on firm performance. Thus, by considering social issues, managers may not only impact the firms ...
THE FRAMEWORK OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (FAI): DRIVING TRIGGERS, STATE OF TH...ijaia
The authors present a new Framework of Artificial Intelligence which analyzes the key elements of
transformational AI in industry. The State of the Art of Artificial Intelligence is gleaned from an
examination of what has been done in the past, presently in the last decade and what is predicted for future
decades. The paper will highlight the biggest changes in AI, important influencers to adoption/diffusion
and give examples of how these technologies have and will be applied in three key industrial sectors,
including agriculture, education and healthcare. Next the research examines seven driving triggers of cost,
speed, accuracy, diversity/inclusion, interdisciplinary research/collaboration and ethics/trustworthiness
that are accelerating AI development and concludes with a discussion of what are the critical success
factors for industry to be transformational in AI.
An Assessment of Project Portfolio Management Techniques on Product and Servi...iosrjce
The crises of product and service innovation in most organisations due to global competition and
the need for scientific research in the project portfolio management discipline were factors that motivated this
research. The purpose of this study is to investigate how project portfolio management(ppm) contributes to
product and service innovation. A questionnaire was developed to gather data to compare the PPM methods
used, PPM performance and resulting new product success measures in sixty Nigeria organisations in a diverse
range of service and manufacturing industries. The study findings indicated that PPM practices have a greater
impact in the new product and services success rate. Also, business strategy method result in better alignment
of the projects in the portfolio. This conclusion is supported by the 0.630 Pearson correlations at 0.000
significance between percentage of successful products and PPM performance level. The results reveal that for
better innovation outcomes, management should place a priority on developing and improving PPM.
An Analytic Network Process Modeling to Assess Technological Innovation Capab...drboon
To handle swift changes in global environment, Technological Innovation Capabilities (TICs) is one crucial and unique strategy to increase firms’ competitiveness. This research proposed a systematic framework of TICs assessment by employing Analytic Network Process (ANP) method for solving the complicate decision-making and assessing the interrelationship among various evaluation factors, whereas the relative important weight data were provided by industrial experts based on pair-wise comparison. With the novel TIC assessment model, high-level managers could easily gain management information to rationalizes the decision-making process based on the most important criteria which affect the firms’ competitive advantages and the highest priority factors which were needed to be handled. The last section also displayed the application of TICs assessment on three Thai automotive parts firms, as case study.
The entrepreneurship, in today’s globalized economy, is linked with autonomy, venturing into new business, development of new products, pro-activeness, taking risks, innovation, strategic renewal, self-renewal, and competitive aggressiveness (Zahra and Garvis 1998). In this age of rapid developments in technology and the emerging global markets, the IT company has been able to utilize and develop its resources. The principles of corporate entrepreneurship are followed by prospering through the absorption of the pressures. It is a well known doctrine that the company’s performance is positively impacted by the involvement of corporate entrepreneurship (Wiklund 2009). The implication of this is by practicing entrepreneurship, the organizations would be successful in increasing the results that can be leading to the increase in GDP.
Achieving Cost Optimization via IT IntegrationOnur Tamur
IT-enabled manufacturing systems are highly valued in current business world because of the benefits they provide in process optimization and cost reduction and these systems are increasing their dominance in the industrial markets thanks to the continuous technological improvements in IT sector. Even though automation systems require high amount of capital investment, they usually pay back in a short period of time depending on the values enabled to their users. Thus, major firms are eager to adopt automated systems in their manufacturing facilities to able to benefit from these opportunities and guarantee steady growth.
This study is started by the case study of Sel Hoses in collaboration with Tampere University of Technology. Sel Hoses is a Turkish hose manufacturer that is one of the biggest suppliers of industrial hoses to European markets and recognized as a high quality and low cost manufacturer. The industry is eager to adopt automated cutting process in their manufacturing plants to lower labour costs and optimize the cutting process by lowering the waste of hoses and Sel Hoses will play a key role in this implementation if they launch the barcode system on their hose reels. Thus, the objective of this research is understand the waste reduction opportunities in hose cutting process by using PC controlled systems and how this project can be undertaken by following a hand-on approach within the value network to increase the overall value generated by the major project stakeholders.
The paper gives an insight into different theories that are applied to understand the cost dynamics of the industry and evaluate the investment decision in terms of the beneficial return. The above mentioned theories combined with extensive brainstorming with industry leaders provide managers a helpful tool to evaluate the long term growth potential of the industry and follow a collaborative strategy to bring value to the whole business network. Hence, this research attempts to identify the waste reduction possibilities in hose cutting process by using automated systems which will lead to lower material costs and process optimization.
Review of Implementation of lean manufacturing in cement industryijsrd.com
Implementation of lean helps many organizations to improve their productivity and efficiency; on the other hand number of organizations has failed to benefit from lean philosophy. The case of not achieving the expected results of implementing lean is not because of limitation of lean to specific organizations type; but it is the misconception of lean philosophy. The lean thinking was first implied in the automobile companies and it widely spreads within the all types of industries; however the today's challenge is to implement the lean philosophy within continuous manufacturing industries and different organizations regardless to the type and size of the organization. This has motivated me to apply lean philosophy to the continuous industry i.e. cement industry. The cement industry is an example of the continuous industry sector and it will be used to convey that the lean philosophy is applicable to all deferent organization types. There are many problems the cement industry facing in today's cut throat competition; one of the major challenges is the capability of the cement industry to adopt techniques by which the overall improvement can be achieved. The need for improving the productivity of the cement production line is to reduce the downtime rates, and satisfy high demands of consumers. This research has aimed that the lean philosophy is beneficial to cement industry once the organization aims, and objectives are clarified and communicated through all levels of the organization. Furthermore barriers and obstacles should be removed by changing the organizational culture, and empowering the people to be involved in identifying and problem solving process.
The integration between innovation and business is a key factor in competitiveness between organizations. That is, innovation applied to a business makes no sense if not considered as an integral tool for the processes of the organization. Companies should therefore adopt a policy where innovation plays a strategic role in the design of business models to become lean, effective and competitive entities (Moraleda, 2004). The objective of this paper is to show the importance of innovation within companies, identifying the concept, the various models that different entities might adopt in order to develop better processes of innovation, as well as indicators that represent innovation at global and national levels in order to develop strategies that lead to an increase in competitiveness. For this work the method used was a bibliographical review of relevant articles from a range of authors was conducted.
Present study aims to investigate the influence of ICTs dimensions (Information Technology (IT),
Management Information System (MIS), Office automation (OA), Intranet and Internet) on workforce
productivity for a group of industrial organizations in Alexandria - Egypt. The population of the study was
managers and staff members working in different areas related to ICTs in the selected industrial
organizations at various managerial levels. Descriptive-statistical combined research study was conducted.
The selection of the participating industrial organization done using simple random sampling technique.
Data collection done using questionnaires. In order to check the validity of the study instrument expert
comments were used and the reliability of the questions calculated as 79% using Cronbach’s Alpha
coefficient. The analysis of instrument data done using single variable t-test, Friedman and variance
analysis. The study findings revealed that the specified dimensions of ICTs positively affect workforce
productivity of industrial organizations in Alexandria - Egypt.
Cloud Computing Adoption for SMEs Challenges, Barriers and OuWilheminaRossi174
Cloud Computing Adoption for SMEs: Challenges, Barriers and Outcomes by Mojtaba Akbari
from [email protected] is available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-
ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license. UMGC has modified this work and it is available under the
original license.
19
3 MIGRATION OF SMES TO CLOUD
3.1 Introduction
Information Technology has become a crucially important part of the today’s business
world impacting almost all industries and sectors. Small and Medium Enterprises
(SMEs) on the other hand are considered as a vital element of the global economy.
Due to the specific requirements and characteristics of smaller organizations (such as
number of employees and budget) compared to larger corporates, the attitude of the
SMEs towards new IT technologies are normally more conservative than that of their
bigger counterparts. This chapter provides a definition of an SME, and describes the
characteristics that distinguish them from large enterprises. Then existing research
studies addressing the factors that influence adoption of new IT technologies by SMEs
are reviewed. Subsequently, the chapter focuses on cloud technology, and reviews
existing research studies that have been specifically discussing adaptation of cloud
computing by SMEs.
3.2 Definition of Sm all and Medium E nterprises
Small and Medium Enterprise (SME), also known as Small and Medium Business
(SMB), is a term used to describe companies with the number of employees below a
certain threshold. While the term ‘SME’ is more common within the European Union
and is used by major international organizations, such as, the United Nations (UN) and
the World Bank, SMB is more frequently used in United States (Georgios et al., 2001).
Until very recently, the definition of SME was different amongst various European
countries. For example, in Germany any company with a total headcount of less than
255 people was considered as an SME while this limit was 100 in Belgium or Greece
for example (Georgios et al., 2001). In 2011, the European Commission decided to
adopt a unified definition for SMEs. Within this perspective, SMEs are classified to
three categories of 1) micro-entities that are companies with less than 10 employees,
2) small companies with up to 50 headcounts and finally 3) medium-sized companies
are considered those which less than 250 permanent employees. From the financial
perspective, an SME can be defined as an enterprise with the revenue of €10-50
million. The definition is not very straightforward in US as it depends on different
criteria, such as, the industry, ownership structure and revenue.
20
3.3 Characteristics of SMEs
The traditional view of SMEs was that they are in fact the same as the bigger
companies with only difference in size. However, it is currently a well-known fact that
the very size constraints of the SMEs make them distinct from their larger
counterpa ...
Running Head ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY – APPLICATION 31ANNOTATED .docxSUBHI7
Running Head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY – APPLICATION 3 1
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY – APPLICATION 3 18
Introduction
The use of Information Technologies in the business process is a wide and ever changing filed that is conferring various benefits and challenges in the field of business process managements. Various organizational structure challenges, and employee have exerted various resistances and challenges but the provision of the solutions have been studied and presented. This paper presents the summaries of various studies, objects, methodologies used, the study limitations and assumptions and a concise comment on the resource in relation to the source of the resource and recommendations on further studies in each study to better understanding in the entire field.
Albadvi, A., Keramati, A., & Razmi, J. (2007). Assessing the impact of information technology on firm performance considering the role of intervening variables: organizational infrastructures and business processes reengineering. International Journal of Production Research, 45(12), 2697-2734. Retrieved from Business Source Complete database.
The scope of this paper is on the relationship between information technology (IT) use and the firm general performance in the consideration of the variables like infrastructure and process reengineering intervening in organizations. The purpose of the research was to establish the roles of the intervening variables on the relationship between IT and firms performance. The instruments to be used in research of the relationship between IT and the firms performance and the role of the two intervening important variable focused on which were reengineering of the processes (BPRM) and organizational infrastructure (OIS) in the IT and firm performance relationship were presented. The study based on the empirical filed survey design where 200 car part producers were administered with questionnaires. The questionnaires addressed the OIS, BPRM, Performance measurement (PER) and IT usage (ITU). The findings of this study demonstrated that there was a moderating effects of the organizational infrastructure and the mediating roles of the business process reengineering on the association between IT use and the performance of a firm. The IT usage was significantly high in pecuniary affairs of most companies. Organizational infrastructures was significantly considered in most companies and that IT usage significantly influenced the products production reengineering process. This information was very resourceful in the entire coursework and also raised the confidence of the body of resources used in finding this information. The underlying assumptions of the study was that the measures used in this study had a high internal consistency thus giving highly correlated answers hence high stability of the used measures. The limitations of the study was a small sample population that was corrected by the stability of the study measures (H ...
Exploring the use of signals in the venture emergence of new technology-based...University of Stuttgart
Presentation at 20th ICE Conference – IEEE TMC Europe Conference 23-25 June 2014, Bergamo, Italy.
Abstract: New technology-based firms have to deal with the
technology development and market search challenges at the same time. The venture emergence in technology entrepreneurship symbolizes that the new venture has been able to find the right fit for its technology and becomes an operating business. The complex nature and dynamism of technology markets suggest the need to look beyond the venture resources in order to explain how new ventures overcomes the market uncertainty towards their technological products, and become operational businesses. We use a multiple case study of three new technology-based firms to explore the use of signals as market creation strategies in the context of venture emergence. The results suggest that entrepreneurs rely on market, technology and social capital signaling to reduce the uncertainty and advance towards venture emergence. This research holds implications for researchers interested in further exploring the integration of marketing, signaling and entrepreneurship theories and for entrepreneurs interested in overcoming the market uncertainty towards their technology, products and venture performance.
Influence of Human Factors on the Relationship between AMT Adoption and Organ...paperpublications3
Abstract: the study used the contingency theory to study the effects of human factors on the relationship between Advanced Manufacturing Technology (AMT) adoption and organization structure. When empirically tested, the research findings present the interrelationships among the main effects (AMT index and human factors) and the interactions (AMT index*human factor index). The study revealed that there is a linear dependence of organizational index from the interaction index. This implies that changes in human factors positively and significantly affect AMT adoption and organizational structure relationship. The study confirms that it is essential for a company to match their technology investment and its integration with its human factors in order to achieve the intended manufacturing performance. The degree of fit between AMT index and organizational index was found to increase as human index increased. The findings of this study reiterate the importance and the need for proactive planning to facilitate changes in the organizational structure.
MULTIMODAL COURSE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION USING LEML AND LMS FOR INSTRUCTIO...IJMIT JOURNAL
Traditionally, teaching has been centered around classroom delivery. However, the onslaught of the
COVID-19 pandemic has cultivated usage of technology, teaching, and learning methodologies for course
delivery. We investigate and describe different modes of course delivery that maintain the integrity of
teaching and learning. This paper answers to the research questions: 1) What course delivery method our
academic institutions use and why? 2) How can instructors validate the guidelines of the institutions? 3)
How courses should be taught to provide student learning outcomes? Using the Learning Environment
Modeling Language (LEML), we investigate the design and implementation of courses for delivery in the
following environments: face-to-face, online synchronous, asynchronous, hybrid, and hyflex. A good
course design and implementation are key components of instructional alignment. Furthermore, we
demonstrate how to design, implement, and deliver courses in synchronous, asynchronous, and hybrid
modes and describe our proposed enhancements to LEML.
Novel R&D Capabilities as a Response to ESG Risks-Lessons From Amazon’s Fusio...IJMIT JOURNAL
Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) management is essential for transforming corporate
financial performance-oriented business strategies into Finance (F) + ESG optimization strategies to
achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
In this trend, the rise of ESG risks has divided firms into two categories. Former incorporates a growthmindset that creates a passion for learning, and urges it to improve itself by endeavoring Research and
development (R&D) -driven challenges, while the other category, characterized by risk aversion, avoids
challenging highly uncertain R&D activities and seeks more manageable endeavors.
This duality underscores the complexity of corporate R&D strategies in addressing ESG risks and
necessitates the development of novel R&D capabilities for corporate R&D transformation strategies
towards F + ESG optimization.
More Related Content
Similar to EFFECTIVELY CONNECT ACQUIRED TECHNOLOGY TO INNOVATION OVER A LONG PERIOD
Achieving Cost Optimization via IT IntegrationOnur Tamur
IT-enabled manufacturing systems are highly valued in current business world because of the benefits they provide in process optimization and cost reduction and these systems are increasing their dominance in the industrial markets thanks to the continuous technological improvements in IT sector. Even though automation systems require high amount of capital investment, they usually pay back in a short period of time depending on the values enabled to their users. Thus, major firms are eager to adopt automated systems in their manufacturing facilities to able to benefit from these opportunities and guarantee steady growth.
This study is started by the case study of Sel Hoses in collaboration with Tampere University of Technology. Sel Hoses is a Turkish hose manufacturer that is one of the biggest suppliers of industrial hoses to European markets and recognized as a high quality and low cost manufacturer. The industry is eager to adopt automated cutting process in their manufacturing plants to lower labour costs and optimize the cutting process by lowering the waste of hoses and Sel Hoses will play a key role in this implementation if they launch the barcode system on their hose reels. Thus, the objective of this research is understand the waste reduction opportunities in hose cutting process by using PC controlled systems and how this project can be undertaken by following a hand-on approach within the value network to increase the overall value generated by the major project stakeholders.
The paper gives an insight into different theories that are applied to understand the cost dynamics of the industry and evaluate the investment decision in terms of the beneficial return. The above mentioned theories combined with extensive brainstorming with industry leaders provide managers a helpful tool to evaluate the long term growth potential of the industry and follow a collaborative strategy to bring value to the whole business network. Hence, this research attempts to identify the waste reduction possibilities in hose cutting process by using automated systems which will lead to lower material costs and process optimization.
Review of Implementation of lean manufacturing in cement industryijsrd.com
Implementation of lean helps many organizations to improve their productivity and efficiency; on the other hand number of organizations has failed to benefit from lean philosophy. The case of not achieving the expected results of implementing lean is not because of limitation of lean to specific organizations type; but it is the misconception of lean philosophy. The lean thinking was first implied in the automobile companies and it widely spreads within the all types of industries; however the today's challenge is to implement the lean philosophy within continuous manufacturing industries and different organizations regardless to the type and size of the organization. This has motivated me to apply lean philosophy to the continuous industry i.e. cement industry. The cement industry is an example of the continuous industry sector and it will be used to convey that the lean philosophy is applicable to all deferent organization types. There are many problems the cement industry facing in today's cut throat competition; one of the major challenges is the capability of the cement industry to adopt techniques by which the overall improvement can be achieved. The need for improving the productivity of the cement production line is to reduce the downtime rates, and satisfy high demands of consumers. This research has aimed that the lean philosophy is beneficial to cement industry once the organization aims, and objectives are clarified and communicated through all levels of the organization. Furthermore barriers and obstacles should be removed by changing the organizational culture, and empowering the people to be involved in identifying and problem solving process.
The integration between innovation and business is a key factor in competitiveness between organizations. That is, innovation applied to a business makes no sense if not considered as an integral tool for the processes of the organization. Companies should therefore adopt a policy where innovation plays a strategic role in the design of business models to become lean, effective and competitive entities (Moraleda, 2004). The objective of this paper is to show the importance of innovation within companies, identifying the concept, the various models that different entities might adopt in order to develop better processes of innovation, as well as indicators that represent innovation at global and national levels in order to develop strategies that lead to an increase in competitiveness. For this work the method used was a bibliographical review of relevant articles from a range of authors was conducted.
Present study aims to investigate the influence of ICTs dimensions (Information Technology (IT),
Management Information System (MIS), Office automation (OA), Intranet and Internet) on workforce
productivity for a group of industrial organizations in Alexandria - Egypt. The population of the study was
managers and staff members working in different areas related to ICTs in the selected industrial
organizations at various managerial levels. Descriptive-statistical combined research study was conducted.
The selection of the participating industrial organization done using simple random sampling technique.
Data collection done using questionnaires. In order to check the validity of the study instrument expert
comments were used and the reliability of the questions calculated as 79% using Cronbach’s Alpha
coefficient. The analysis of instrument data done using single variable t-test, Friedman and variance
analysis. The study findings revealed that the specified dimensions of ICTs positively affect workforce
productivity of industrial organizations in Alexandria - Egypt.
Cloud Computing Adoption for SMEs Challenges, Barriers and OuWilheminaRossi174
Cloud Computing Adoption for SMEs: Challenges, Barriers and Outcomes by Mojtaba Akbari
from [email protected] is available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-
ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license. UMGC has modified this work and it is available under the
original license.
19
3 MIGRATION OF SMES TO CLOUD
3.1 Introduction
Information Technology has become a crucially important part of the today’s business
world impacting almost all industries and sectors. Small and Medium Enterprises
(SMEs) on the other hand are considered as a vital element of the global economy.
Due to the specific requirements and characteristics of smaller organizations (such as
number of employees and budget) compared to larger corporates, the attitude of the
SMEs towards new IT technologies are normally more conservative than that of their
bigger counterparts. This chapter provides a definition of an SME, and describes the
characteristics that distinguish them from large enterprises. Then existing research
studies addressing the factors that influence adoption of new IT technologies by SMEs
are reviewed. Subsequently, the chapter focuses on cloud technology, and reviews
existing research studies that have been specifically discussing adaptation of cloud
computing by SMEs.
3.2 Definition of Sm all and Medium E nterprises
Small and Medium Enterprise (SME), also known as Small and Medium Business
(SMB), is a term used to describe companies with the number of employees below a
certain threshold. While the term ‘SME’ is more common within the European Union
and is used by major international organizations, such as, the United Nations (UN) and
the World Bank, SMB is more frequently used in United States (Georgios et al., 2001).
Until very recently, the definition of SME was different amongst various European
countries. For example, in Germany any company with a total headcount of less than
255 people was considered as an SME while this limit was 100 in Belgium or Greece
for example (Georgios et al., 2001). In 2011, the European Commission decided to
adopt a unified definition for SMEs. Within this perspective, SMEs are classified to
three categories of 1) micro-entities that are companies with less than 10 employees,
2) small companies with up to 50 headcounts and finally 3) medium-sized companies
are considered those which less than 250 permanent employees. From the financial
perspective, an SME can be defined as an enterprise with the revenue of €10-50
million. The definition is not very straightforward in US as it depends on different
criteria, such as, the industry, ownership structure and revenue.
20
3.3 Characteristics of SMEs
The traditional view of SMEs was that they are in fact the same as the bigger
companies with only difference in size. However, it is currently a well-known fact that
the very size constraints of the SMEs make them distinct from their larger
counterpa ...
Running Head ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY – APPLICATION 31ANNOTATED .docxSUBHI7
Running Head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY – APPLICATION 3 1
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY – APPLICATION 3 18
Introduction
The use of Information Technologies in the business process is a wide and ever changing filed that is conferring various benefits and challenges in the field of business process managements. Various organizational structure challenges, and employee have exerted various resistances and challenges but the provision of the solutions have been studied and presented. This paper presents the summaries of various studies, objects, methodologies used, the study limitations and assumptions and a concise comment on the resource in relation to the source of the resource and recommendations on further studies in each study to better understanding in the entire field.
Albadvi, A., Keramati, A., & Razmi, J. (2007). Assessing the impact of information technology on firm performance considering the role of intervening variables: organizational infrastructures and business processes reengineering. International Journal of Production Research, 45(12), 2697-2734. Retrieved from Business Source Complete database.
The scope of this paper is on the relationship between information technology (IT) use and the firm general performance in the consideration of the variables like infrastructure and process reengineering intervening in organizations. The purpose of the research was to establish the roles of the intervening variables on the relationship between IT and firms performance. The instruments to be used in research of the relationship between IT and the firms performance and the role of the two intervening important variable focused on which were reengineering of the processes (BPRM) and organizational infrastructure (OIS) in the IT and firm performance relationship were presented. The study based on the empirical filed survey design where 200 car part producers were administered with questionnaires. The questionnaires addressed the OIS, BPRM, Performance measurement (PER) and IT usage (ITU). The findings of this study demonstrated that there was a moderating effects of the organizational infrastructure and the mediating roles of the business process reengineering on the association between IT use and the performance of a firm. The IT usage was significantly high in pecuniary affairs of most companies. Organizational infrastructures was significantly considered in most companies and that IT usage significantly influenced the products production reengineering process. This information was very resourceful in the entire coursework and also raised the confidence of the body of resources used in finding this information. The underlying assumptions of the study was that the measures used in this study had a high internal consistency thus giving highly correlated answers hence high stability of the used measures. The limitations of the study was a small sample population that was corrected by the stability of the study measures (H ...
Exploring the use of signals in the venture emergence of new technology-based...University of Stuttgart
Presentation at 20th ICE Conference – IEEE TMC Europe Conference 23-25 June 2014, Bergamo, Italy.
Abstract: New technology-based firms have to deal with the
technology development and market search challenges at the same time. The venture emergence in technology entrepreneurship symbolizes that the new venture has been able to find the right fit for its technology and becomes an operating business. The complex nature and dynamism of technology markets suggest the need to look beyond the venture resources in order to explain how new ventures overcomes the market uncertainty towards their technological products, and become operational businesses. We use a multiple case study of three new technology-based firms to explore the use of signals as market creation strategies in the context of venture emergence. The results suggest that entrepreneurs rely on market, technology and social capital signaling to reduce the uncertainty and advance towards venture emergence. This research holds implications for researchers interested in further exploring the integration of marketing, signaling and entrepreneurship theories and for entrepreneurs interested in overcoming the market uncertainty towards their technology, products and venture performance.
Influence of Human Factors on the Relationship between AMT Adoption and Organ...paperpublications3
Abstract: the study used the contingency theory to study the effects of human factors on the relationship between Advanced Manufacturing Technology (AMT) adoption and organization structure. When empirically tested, the research findings present the interrelationships among the main effects (AMT index and human factors) and the interactions (AMT index*human factor index). The study revealed that there is a linear dependence of organizational index from the interaction index. This implies that changes in human factors positively and significantly affect AMT adoption and organizational structure relationship. The study confirms that it is essential for a company to match their technology investment and its integration with its human factors in order to achieve the intended manufacturing performance. The degree of fit between AMT index and organizational index was found to increase as human index increased. The findings of this study reiterate the importance and the need for proactive planning to facilitate changes in the organizational structure.
MULTIMODAL COURSE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION USING LEML AND LMS FOR INSTRUCTIO...IJMIT JOURNAL
Traditionally, teaching has been centered around classroom delivery. However, the onslaught of the
COVID-19 pandemic has cultivated usage of technology, teaching, and learning methodologies for course
delivery. We investigate and describe different modes of course delivery that maintain the integrity of
teaching and learning. This paper answers to the research questions: 1) What course delivery method our
academic institutions use and why? 2) How can instructors validate the guidelines of the institutions? 3)
How courses should be taught to provide student learning outcomes? Using the Learning Environment
Modeling Language (LEML), we investigate the design and implementation of courses for delivery in the
following environments: face-to-face, online synchronous, asynchronous, hybrid, and hyflex. A good
course design and implementation are key components of instructional alignment. Furthermore, we
demonstrate how to design, implement, and deliver courses in synchronous, asynchronous, and hybrid
modes and describe our proposed enhancements to LEML.
Novel R&D Capabilities as a Response to ESG Risks-Lessons From Amazon’s Fusio...IJMIT JOURNAL
Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) management is essential for transforming corporate
financial performance-oriented business strategies into Finance (F) + ESG optimization strategies to
achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
In this trend, the rise of ESG risks has divided firms into two categories. Former incorporates a growthmindset that creates a passion for learning, and urges it to improve itself by endeavoring Research and
development (R&D) -driven challenges, while the other category, characterized by risk aversion, avoids
challenging highly uncertain R&D activities and seeks more manageable endeavors.
This duality underscores the complexity of corporate R&D strategies in addressing ESG risks and
necessitates the development of novel R&D capabilities for corporate R&D transformation strategies
towards F + ESG optimization.
International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) ** WJCI IndexedIJMIT JOURNAL
The International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles that contribute new results in all areas of the strategic application of information technology (IT) in organizations. The journal focuses on innovative ideas and best practices in using IT to advance organizations – for-profit, non-profit, and governmental. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia, government, and industry to focus on understanding both how to use IT to support the strategy and goals of the organization and to employ IT in new ways to foster greater collaboration, communication, and information sharing both within the organization and with its stakeholders. The International Journal of Managing Information Technology seeks to establish new collaborations, new best practices, and new theories in these areas.
International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) ** WJCI IndexedIJMIT JOURNAL
The International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles that contribute new results in all areas of the strategic application of information technology (IT) in organizations. The journal focuses on innovative ideas and best practices in using IT to advance organizations – for-profit, non-profit, and governmental. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia, government, and industry to focus on understanding both how to use IT to support the strategy and goals of the organization and to employ IT in new ways to foster greater collaboration, communication, and information sharing both within the organization and with its stakeholders. The International Journal of Managing Information Technology seeks to establish new collaborations, new best practices, and new theories in these areas.
NOVEL R & D CAPABILITIES AS A RESPONSE TO ESG RISKS- LESSONS FROM AMAZON’S FU...IJMIT JOURNAL
Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) management is essential for transforming corporate
financial performance-oriented business strategies into Finance (F) + ESG optimization strategies to
achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
In this trend, the rise of ESG risks has divided firms into two categories. Former incorporates a growthmindset that creates a passion for learning, and urges it to improve itself by endeavoring Research and
development (R&D) -driven challenges, while the other category, characterized by risk aversion, avoids
challenging highly uncertain R&D activities and seeks more manageable endeavors.
This duality underscores the complexity of corporate R&D strategies in addressing ESG risks and
necessitates the development of novel R&D capabilities for corporate R&D transformation strategies
towards F + ESG optimization.
Building on this premise, this paper conducts an empirical analysis, utilizing reliable firms data on ESG
risk and brand value, with a focus on 100 global R&D leader firms. It analyzes R&D and actions for ESG
risk mitigation, and assesses the development of new functions that fulfill F + ESG optimization through
R&D. The analysis also highlights the significance of network externality effects, with a specific focus on
Amazon, a leading R&D company, providing insights into the direction for transforming R&D strategies
towards F + ESG optimization.
The dynamics of stakeholder engagement in F + ESG optimization are indicated with the example of
amazon's activities. Through the analysis, it became evident that Amazon's capacity encompassing growth
and scalability, specifically its ability to grow and expand, is accelerating high-level research and
development by gaining the trust of stakeholders in the "synergy through R&D-driven ESG risk
mitigation."
Finally, as examples of these initiatives, the paper discussed the Climate Pledge led by Amazon and the
transformation of Japan's management system.
A REVIEW OF STOCK TREND PREDICTION WITH COMBINATION OF EFFECTIVE MULTI TECHNI...IJMIT JOURNAL
It is important for investors to understand stock trends and market conditions before trading stocks. Both
these capabilities are very important for an investor in order to obtain maximized profit and minimized
losses. Without this capability, investors will suffer losses due to their ignorance regarding stock trends
and market conditions. Technical analysis helps to understand stock prices behavior with regards to past
trends, the signals given by indicators and the major turning points of the market price. This paper reviews
the stock trend predictions with a combination of the effective multi technical indicator strategy to increase
investment performance by taking into account the global performance and the proposed combination of
effective multi technical indicator strategy model.
INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM USING CUSTOMIZED RULES FOR SNORTIJMIT JOURNAL
These days the security provided by the computer systems is a big issue as it always has the threats of
cyber-attacks like IP address spoofing, Denial of Service (DOS), token impersonation, etc. The security
provided by the blue team operations tends to be costly if done in large firms as a large number of systems
need to be protected against these attacks. This leads these firms to turn to less costly security
configurations like IDS Suricata and IDS Snort. The main theme of the project is to improve the services
provided by Snort which is a tool used in creating a vague defense against cyber-attacks like DDOS
attacks which are done on both physical and network layers. These attacks in turn result in loss of
extremely important data. The rules defined in this project will result in monitoring traffic, analyzing it,
and taking appropriate action to not only stop the attack but also locate its source IP address. This whole
process uses different tools other than Snort like Wireshark, Wazuh and Splunk. The product of this will
result in not only the detection of the attack but also the source IP address of the machine on which the
attack is initiated and completed. The end product of this research will result in sets of default rules for the
Snort tool which will not only be able to provide better security than its previous versions but also be able
to provide the user with the IP address of the attacker or the person conducting the attack. The system
involves the integration of Wazuh with Snort tool in order to make it more efficient than IDS Suricata
which is another intrusion detection system capable of detecting all these types of attacks as mentioned.
Splunk is another tool used in this project which increases the firewall efficiency to pass the no. of bits to
be scanned and the no. of bits scanned successfully. Wazuh is used in this system as it is the best choice for
traffic monitoring and incident response than any other of its alternatives in the market. Since this system
is used in firms which are known to handle big amounts of data and for this purpose, we use Splunk tool as
it is very efficient in handling big amounts of data. Wireshark is used in this system in order to give the IDS
automation in its capability to capture and report the malicious packets found during the network scan. All
of this gives the IDS a capability of a low budget automated threat detection system. This paper gives
complete guidelines for authors submitting papers for the AIRCC Journals.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly become a critical technology for businesses seeking to improve
efficiency and profitability. One area where AI is proving particularly impactful is in service operations
management, where it is used to create AI-powered service operations (AIServiceOps) that deliver highvalue services to customers. AIServiceOps involve the use of AI to automate and optimize various business
processes, such as customer service, sales, marketing, and supply chain management. The rapid
development of Artificial Intelligence has prompted many changes in the field of Information Technology
(IT) Service Operations. IT Service Operations are driven by AI, i.e., AIServiceOps. AI has empowered
new vitality and addressed many challenges in IT Service Operations. However, there is a literature gap on
the Business Value Impact of Artificial intelligence (AI) Powered IT Service Operations. It can help IT
build optimized business resilience by creating value in complex and ever-changing environments as
product organizations move faster than IT can handle. So, this research paper examines how AIServiceOps
creates business value and sustainability, basically how AIServiceOps makes the IT staff liberation from a
low-level, repetitive workout and traditional IT practices for a continuously optimized process. One of the
research objectives is to compare Traditional IT Service Operations with AIServiceOPs. This paper
provides the basis for how enterprises can evaluate AIServiceOps and consider it a digital transformation
tool. The paper presents a case study of a company that implemented AI-powered service operations
(AIServiceOps) and analyzes the resulting business outcomes. The study shows that AIServiceOps can
significantly improve service delivery, reduce response times, and increase customer satisfaction.
Furthermore, it demonstrates how AIServiceOps can deliver substantial cost savings, such as reducing
labor costs and minimizing downtime.
MEDIATING AND MODERATING FACTORS AFFECTING READINESS TO IOT APPLICATIONS: THE...IJMIT JOURNAL
Although IOT seems to be the upcoming trend, it is still in its infancy; especially in the banking industry.
There is a clear gap in literature, as only few studies identify factors affecting readiness to IOT
applications in banks in general, and almost negligible investigations on mediating and moderating
factors. Accordingly, this research aims to investigate the main factors that affect employees’ readiness to
IOT applications, while highlighting the mediating and moderating factors in the Egyptian banking sector.
The importance of Egypt stems from its high population and steady steps taken towards technology
adoption. 479 valid questionnaires were distributed over HR employees in banks. Data collected was
statistically analysed using Regression and SEM. Results showed a significant impact of ‘Security’,
‘Networking’, ‘Software Development’ and ‘Regulations’ on ‘readiness to IOT applications. Thus, the
readiness acceptance level is high‘Security’ and ‘User Intention’ were proven to mediate the relationship
between research variables and readiness to IOT applications, and only a partial moderation role was
proven for ‘Efficiency’. The study contributes to increasing literature on IOT applications in general, and
fills a gap on the Egyptian banking context in particular. Finally, it provides decision makers at banks with
useful guidelines on how to optimally promote IOT applications among employees.
International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) ** WJCI IndexedIJMIT JOURNAL
The International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles that contribute new results in all areas of the strategic application of information technology (IT) in organizations. The journal focuses on innovative ideas and best practices in using IT to advance organizations – for-profit, non-profit, and governmental. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia, government, and industry to focus on understanding both how to use IT to support the strategy and goals of the organization and to employ IT in new ways to foster greater collaboration, communication, and information sharing both within the organization and with its stakeholders. The International Journal of Managing Information Technology seeks to establish new collaborations, new best practices, and new theories in these areas.
Authors are solicited to contribute to the journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the areas of information technology and management
4th International Conference on Cloud, Big Data and IoT (CBIoT 2023)IJMIT JOURNAL
4th International Conference on Cloud, Big Data and IoT (CBIoT 2023) will act as a major forum for the presentation of innovative ideas, approaches, developments, and research projects in the areas of Cloud, Big Data and IoT. It will also serve to facilitate the exchange of information between researchers and industry professionals to discuss the latest issues and advancement in the area of Cloud, Big Data and IoT.
Authors are solicited to contribute to the conference by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in Cloud, Big Data and IoT.
TRANSFORMING SERVICE OPERATIONS WITH AI: A CASE FOR BUSINESS VALUEIJMIT JOURNAL
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly become a critical technology for businesses seeking to improve
efficiency and profitability. One area where AI is proving particularly impactful is in service operations
management, where it is used to create AI-powered service operations (AIServiceOps) that deliver highvalue services to customers. AIServiceOps involve the use of AI to automate and optimize various business
processes, such as customer service, sales, marketing, and supply chain management. The rapid
development of Artificial Intelligence has prompted many changes in the field of Information Technology
(IT) Service Operations. IT Service Operations are driven by AI, i.e., AIServiceOps. AI has empowered
new vitality and addressed many challenges in IT Service Operations. However, there is a literature gap on
the Business Value Impact of Artificial intelligence (AI) Powered IT Service Operations. It can help IT
build optimized business resilience by creating value in complex and ever-changing environments as
product organizations move faster than IT can handle. So, this research paper examines how AIServiceOps
creates business value and sustainability, basically how AIServiceOps makes the IT staff liberation from a
low-level, repetitive workout and traditional IT practices for a continuously optimized process. One of the
research objectives is to compare Traditional IT Service Operations with AIServiceOPs. This paper
provides the basis for how enterprises can evaluate AIServiceOps and consider it a digital transformation
tool. The paper presents a case study of a company that implemented AI-powered service operations
(AIServiceOps) and analyzes the resulting business outcomes. The study shows that AIServiceOps can
significantly improve service delivery, reduce response times, and increase customer satisfaction.
Furthermore, it demonstrates how AIServiceOps can deliver substantial cost savings, such as reducing
labor costs and minimizing downtime.
DESIGNING A FRAMEWORK FOR ENHANCING THE ONLINE KNOWLEDGE-SHARING BEHAVIOR OF ...IJMIT JOURNAL
The main objective of this paper is to identify the factors that influence academic staff's digital knowledgesharing behaviors in Ethiopian higher education. A structural equation model was used to validate the
research framework using survey data from 210 respondents. The collected data has been analyzed using
Smart PLS software. The results of the study show that trust, self-motivation, and altruism are positively
related to attitude. Contrary to our expectations, knowledge technology negatively affects attitude.
However, reward systems and empowerment by leaders are significantly associated with knowledgesharing intentions.Knowledge-sharing intention, in turn, was significantly related to digital knowledgesharing behavior. The contributions of this study are twofold. The framework may serve as a roadmap for
future researchers and managers considering their strategy to enhance digital knowledge sharing in HEI.
The findings will benefit academic staff and university administrations.The study will also help academic
staff enhance their knowledge-sharing practices.
BUILDING RELIABLE CLOUD SYSTEMS THROUGH CHAOS ENGINEERINGIJMIT JOURNAL
Cloud computing systems need to be reliable so that they can be accessed and used for computing at any
given point in time. The complex nature of cloud systems is the motivation to conduct research in novel
ways of ensuring that cloud systems are built with reliability in mind. In building cloud systems, it is
expected that the cloud system will be able to deal with high demands and unexpected events that affect the
reliability and performance of the system.
In this paper, chaos engineering is considered a heuristic method that can be used to build reliable cloud
systems. Chaos engineering is aimed at exposing weaknesses in systems that are in production. Chaos
engineering will help identify system weaknesses and strengths when a system is exposed to unexpected
knocks and shocks while it is in production.
Chaos engineering allows system developers and administrators to get insights into how the cloud system
will behave when it is exposed to unexpected occurrences.
A REVIEW OF STOCK TREND PREDICTION WITH COMBINATION OF EFFECTIVE MULTI TECHNI...IJMIT JOURNAL
It is important for investors to understand stock trends and market conditions before trading stocks. Both
these capabilities are very important for an investor in order to obtain maximized profit and minimized
losses. Without this capability, investors will suffer losses due to their ignorance regarding stock trends
and market conditions. Technical analysis helps to understand stock prices behavior with regards to past
trends, the signals given by indicators and the major turning points of the market price. This paper reviews
the stock trend predictions with a combination of the effective multi technical indicator strategy to increase
investment performance by taking into account the global performance and the proposed combination of
effective multi technical indicator strategy model.
NETWORK MEDIA ATTENTION AND GREEN TECHNOLOGY INNOVATIONIJMIT JOURNAL
This paper will provide a novel empirical study for the relationship between network media attention and
green technology innovation and examine how network media attention can ease financing constraints. It
collected data from listed companies in China's heavy pollution industry and performed rigorous
regression analysis, in order to innovatively explore the environmental governance functions of the media.
It found that network media attention significantly promotes green technology innovation. By analyzing the
inner mechanism further, it found that network media attention can promote green innovation by easing
financing constraints. Besides, network media attention has a significant positive impact on green invention
patents while not affecting green utility model patents.
INCLUSIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN HANDLING COMPETING INSTITUTIONAL LOGICS FOR DHI...IJMIT JOURNAL
Information System (IS) research advocates employing collaborative and loose coupling strategies to address contradictory issues to address diversified actors’ interests than the prescriptive and unilateral Information Technology (IT) governance mechanisms’, yet it is rarely depicting how managers employ these strategies in Health Information System (HIS) implementation, particularly in a resource-constrained setting where IS implementation activities have highly relied on multiple international organizations resources. This study explored how managers in resource-constrained settings employ collaborative IT governance mechanisms in the case of District Health Information System 2 (DHIS2) adoption with an interpretative case study approach and the institutional logic concept. The institutional logic concept was used to identify the major actors’ logics underpinning the DHIS2 adoption. The study depicted the importance of high-level officials' distance from the dominant systemic logic to consider new alternative, and to employ inclusive IT governance mechanisms which separated resource from the system that facilitated stakeholders’ collaboration in DHIS2 adoption based on their capacity and interest.
DEEP LEARNING APPROACH FOR EVENT MONITORING SYSTEMIJMIT JOURNAL
With an increasing number of extreme events and complexity, more alarms are being used to monitor
control rooms. Operators in the control rooms need to monitor and analyze these alarms to take suitable
actions to ensure the system’s stability and security. Security is the biggest concern in the modern world. It
is important to have a rigid surveillance that should guarantee protection from any sought of hazard.
Considering security, Closed Circuit TV (CCTV) cameras are being utilized for reconnaissance, but these
CCTV cameras require a person for supervision. As a human being, there can be a possibility to be tired
off in supervision at any point of time. So, we need a system to detect automatically. Thus, we came up with
a solution using YOLO V5. We have taken a data set and used robo-flow framework to enhance the existing
images into numerous variations where it will create a copy of grey scale image, a copy of its rotation and
a copy of its blurred version which will be used to get an enlarged data set. This work mainly focuses on
providing a secure environment using CCTV live footage as a source to detect the weapons. Using YOLO
algorithm, it divides an image from the video into grid system and each grid detects an object within itself
MULTIMODAL COURSE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION USING LEML AND LMS FOR INSTRUCTIO...IJMIT JOURNAL
Traditionally, teaching has been centered around classroom delivery. However, the onslaught of the
COVID-19 pandemic has cultivated usage of technology, teaching, and learning methodologies for course
delivery. We investigate and describe different modes of course delivery that maintain the integrity of
teaching and learning. This paper answers to the research questions: 1) What course delivery method our
academic institutions use and why? 2) How can instructors validate the guidelines of the institutions? 3)
How courses should be taught to provide student learning outcomes? Using the Learning Environment
Modeling Language (LEML), we investigate the design and implementation of courses for delivery in the
following environments: face-to-face, online synchronous, asynchronous, hybrid, and hyflex. A good
course design and implementation are key components of instructional alignment. Furthermore, we
demonstrate how to design, implement, and deliver courses in synchronous, asynchronous, and hybrid
modes and describe our proposed enhancements to LEML.
Multimodal Course Design and Implementation using LEML and LMS for Instructio...IJMIT JOURNAL
Traditionally, teaching has been centered around classroom delivery. However, the onslaught of the
COVID-19 pandemic has cultivated usage of technology, teaching, and learning methodologies for course
delivery. We investigate and describe different modes of course delivery that maintain the integrity of
teaching and learning. This paper answers to the research questions: 1) What course delivery method our
academic institutions use and why? 2) How can instructors validate the guidelines of the institutions? 3)
How courses should be taught to provide student learning outcomes? Using the Learning Environment
Modeling Language (LEML), we investigate the design and implementation of courses for delivery in the
following environments: face-to-face, online synchronous, asynchronous, hybrid, and hyflex. A good
course design and implementation are key components of instructional alignment. Furthermore, we
demonstrate how to design, implement, and deliver courses in synchronous, asynchronous, and hybrid
modes and describe our proposed enhancements to LEML.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
EFFECTIVELY CONNECT ACQUIRED TECHNOLOGY TO INNOVATION OVER A LONG PERIOD
1. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.15, No.1/2, May 2023
DOI: 10.5121/ijmit.2023.15203 33
EFFECTIVELY CONNECT ACQUIRED TECHNOLOGY
TO INNOVATION OVER A LONG PERIOD
Akira Nagamatsu1
, Yuji Tou2
, Chihiro Watanabe3
1
Tohoku University, Japan
2
Tohoku Gakuin University, Japan
3
Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
ABSTRACT
IT (Information and Communication Technology) companies are facing the dilemma of decreasing
productivity despite increasing research and development efforts. M&A (Merger and Acquisition) is being
considered as a breakthrough solution. From existing research, it has been pointed out that M&A leads to
the emergence of new innovations. Purpose of this study was to discuss the efficient ways of acquisition and
to resolve the dilemma of productivity decline by clarifying how the technology obtained through M&A
leads to the creation of new innovations. Hypothesis 1 was that the technology acquired through M&A is
utilized for innovation creation, Hypothesis 2 was that the acquired technology is utilized over a long
period of time, and Hypothesis 3 was that a long-term utilization has a positive impact on corporate
performance. The results, using sports prosthetics as a case study and using patents as a proxy variable,
confirmed all the hypotheses set. We have revealed that long-term utilization of technology obtained
through M&A is effective for creating new innovations.
KEYWORDS
Merger and Acquisition; Innovation; Patent; Forward Citation; Sports Prosthetic
Corresponding author: akira.nagamatsu.e1@tohoku.ac.jp
This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP20K0
1. INTRODUCTION
Many ICT companies are facing the dilemma of productivity decline despite expanding their
R&D efforts (Tou et al., 2019; Tou et al., 2019b; Watanabe et al., 2021). To overcome this
dilemma, companies are seeking to improve their research processes and acquire and utilize new
innovation resources.
One specific means of doing this is through breakthroughs via M&A. Many studies have been
conducted on the impact of M&A on innovation from this perspective (James, 1997; De Man &
Duysters, 2005; Hagedoorn & Kranenburg, 2006). What is common among these existing studies
is that M&A is not only a means of acquiring existing innovation but also leads to the creation of
new innovations.
Therefore, it is considered an important study to clarify the mechanism by which technology and
patents obtained through M&A lead to the creation of new innovations and discuss efficient
corporate acquisitions and M&A methods. This will contribute to solving the dilemma of
productivity decline in R&D mentioned earlier.
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34
Research on M&A covers a wide range of topics. As mentioned earlier, studies focusing on the
relationship between M&A and innovation have become a hot issue. Ahuja & Katila (2001)
discussed the impact of acquisitions on innovation, using the chemical industry as their analysis
subject, while Ranft & Lord (2002) discussed knowledge transfer from acquired companies'
technology to acquiring companies. Additionally, Bena and Li (2014) discussed the positive
effects of M&A on innovation. Igor et al. (2021) discussed the acquisition of start-up companies
by existing companies from an innovation perspective.
While the existing research discusses the short-term effects of technology and patents acquired
through M&A on new innovation creation, there is a scarcity of studies analyzing the mechanism
of the treatment of technology and patents in the medium to long term after M&A completion.
Therefore, this study aims to examine the mechanism of creating new innovation by utilizing
acquired existing technology in a layered manner over an extended period.
Normally, technology and patents acquired through M&A are expected to be utilized over an
extended period. As Pakes & Schankerman (1984) pointed out, patents become obsolete, but the
background information that led to the creation of patents, such as experimental methods and
experiences of failure, may not necessarily become obsolete, and it is believed that new
technology can be created by referring to such information. Therefore, this study hypothesizes as
follows:
Hypothesis 1 is that "technologies acquired through M&A are utilized for innovation creation."
There are two main effects of M&A on innovation. One is that M&A functions as a means of
acquiring existing innovations. By acquiring other companies, companies can obtain their
technologies, patents, product lines, customer bases, etc. This allows the acquiring company to
improve its innovation capabilities and enhance its competitiveness in the market. This
acquisition of existing innovations produces short-term results and many companies use M&A as
a strategic tool to improve their market position.
On the other hand, M&A is also expected to lead to the creation of new innovations. This refers
to the expectation that new ideas and creative approaches will emerge through M&A and lead to
the creation of innovations. Through the combination of the acquiring and acquired companies,
synergistic effects can be generated, allowing them to maximize their strengths. Furthermore,
because M&A enables companies to more effectively utilize their funds and resources, it is also
expected to promote innovation creation. These factors suggest that M&A contributes not only to
the acquisition of existing innovations but also to the creation of new innovations. However, the
effects of M&A depend on factors such as company strategy, organizational culture, and
integration management, and thus it is not always possible to achieve overall results. Whether
M&A is successful or not depends on comprehensive factors such as company strategy and
culture, and if integration does not go well, it may hinder the creation of innovations or the
acquisition of existing ones. In this study, we will examine Hypothesis 1 by assuming that the
acquired technology will be utilized over the long term and by considering the factors that affect
the contribution to innovation creation underlying this assumption.
Hypothesis 2 is that "technologies acquired through M&A will be utilized over the long term."
Technologies acquired through M&A are expected to become core technological assets of a
company and generate long-term results. By combining those technologies with existing ones,
synergies are created, enabling the development of new products and services, process
improvements, and market expansion. However, if the technologies acquired through M&A are
not sufficiently compatible with the acquiring company's existing technologies or business
models, integration and utilization may become difficult. Additionally, when different companies
are integrated through M&A, differences in organizational culture may hinder the utilization and
3. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.15, No.1/2, May 2023
35
sustainable results of the technologies. Furthermore, to utilize the technologies acquired through
M&A over the long term, appropriate resources and investments are required. To evaluate the
success of technology utilization after M&A, with the aim of considering these factors, tracking
and evaluating how long the utilization of technologies continues and what results it produces is
necessary. Through this, hypothesis 2 will be verified.
And hypothesis 3 is that "the long-term utilization of technology acquired through M&A
positively affects corporate performance." Whether technology acquired through M&A is used in
the long term depends on whether it is compatible with the business model and strategy. If the
technology does not meet the needs or market demands of the acquiring company, the long-term
utilization of the technology and its positive impact on performance may be limited. Additionally,
the compatibility of organizational culture and management, including appropriate resources and
investments, is critical for the long-term utilization of acquired technology. Based on these
factors, the relationship between the long-term utilization of technology and corporate
performance will be tracked to examine whether the use of acquired technology actually has a
positive impact on corporate performance. Specifically, by evaluating performance indicators and
metrics over the long term after M&A, hypothesis 3 will be tested.
As a premise for these hypotheses, not only knowledge of experimental procedures and
systematized knowledge of failures, but also knowledge for introducing and operating the ISO
9000 family, as well as knowledge for creating new technologies such as document formatting
and organizational operating rules, are also defined as technology. Through these hypotheses, we
will examine the mechanisms of creating new innovation by utilizing existing technology
acquired through M&A in a layered manner for an extended period of time.
The analytical framework is explained in Section 2. Empirical analyses for the hypotheses are
conducted in Section 3. In Section 4, the results of the empirical analyses are discussed.
Additionally, case studies from other companies are examined, and the limitations of this study
are discussed.
2. ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK
Patents are considered an important keyword when considering corporate acquisitions and
innovation. Many studies in this field have used patent data to analyze innovation and the
economy (Griliches, 1981, 1990, 1998; Jaffe et al., 1993; Nagaoka et al., 2010; Kline et al.,
2019). In particular, Ernst (2003) and Breitzman & Thomas (2016) have utilized patent data in the
context of M&A. In this study, patents are also used as a proxy variable for innovation.
In order to test the hypothesis of this study, we selected a case where M&A has been conducted
and the acquired technology has been utilized over a long period of time. Therefore, we chose to
examine the case of sports prosthetics. The reason for this is that there have been active corporate
acquisitions in the sports prosthetics product market, and various technologies acquired there
have been integrated to create new innovations (Seojin et al., 2022). In this study, we will analyze
the relationship between Ossur, which conducts particularly aggressive acquisitions (Hansen &
Pedersen, 2006), and Van Phillips, who established the dominant design of current sports
prosthetics, and their patents. In order to quantitatively grasp the utilization of existing
technology, forward citation analysis of patents will be used. The effectiveness of forward
citation analysis has been demonstrated in many studies (Trajtenberg, 1990; Lanjouw &
Schankerman, 2004; Hall et al., 2005).
The flow of this study is to first summarize the history of technology development and M&A in
sports prosthetics, which is the subject of analysis, and demonstrate that Ossur and Van Phillips
4. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.15, No.1/2, May 2023
36
are appropriate subjects for this study. Then, we will analyze the relationship between their M&A
and patent development, test the hypothesis, and finally analyze the relationship between Ossur's
patents and performance.
3. EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS
3.1. History of M&A in Sports Prosthetics
First, we will examine the history of the development of sports prosthetics for track and field
events, as well as M&A activity by prosthetic-related companies such as Ossur. Table 1 shows
the timeline of this history.
In summary, sports prosthetics were first developed in the 1980s by American inventor Van
Phillips. The "Cheetah" was introduced in 1992, establishing the dominant design for the product.
In 2000, Flex-Foot, which was founded by Van Phillips, was acquired by Ossur. In 2017,
Freedom Innovations, which followed in the footsteps of Flex-Foot, was acquired by Ottobock.
Therefore, the current leading two companies are built on the technical legacy of Van Phillips.
Therefore, it can be said that without Van Phillips' patent, the development of sports prosthetics
would not have been possible.
From the above, it is confirmed that active M&A is being carried out for sports prosthetic
products, and various acquired technologies are being integrated to create new innovations. In
particular, it is clear that technological development centered around Van Phillips and Ossur is
being pursued, which demonstrates the validity of this research's analytical focus.
5. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.15, No.1/2, May 2023
37
Table 1 History of Track-and-Field Sports Prosthetic Leg Development and Related Companies Activities
Year Event
1976 Van Phillips, a junior at Arizona State University, was struck by a motorboat and has his left
foot amputated just above the ankle.
1977 Van Phillips joined the Biomedical Engineering Program at Northwestern University and
began conceptualizing a prosthetic limb that enables users to jump and rebound.
1981&
after
After graduating from Northwestern University, Van Phillips worked as a development
engineer at the University of Utah's Center for Biomedical Design. His R&D projects focused
on restoring ligaments and tendons instead of bones. He worked on the development of
sockets, linings, and attachments for prosthetic limbs, continuously exploring materials and
designs to make jumping possible.
Inspired by the C-shape of a cheetah's hind legs, he started creating prototypes using carbon
graphite for its high energy return, lightweight, and durability. With the assistance of
aerospace materials engineer Dale Abildskov, he tested hundreds of models he developed
himself.
His final design took an L-shape with an added "heel." When the user put weight on the heel,
it functioned like a spring, converting the weight into energy during stepping, allowing users
to run and jump.
1984 Van Phillips, Dale Abildskov, and others founded Flex-Foot Inc.
1988 Flex-Foot products made their debut at the Paralympics.
1992 Sports prosthetics were established in their current design (establishment of the dominant
design).
1996 Flex-Foot launched the "Cheetah."
1998 Van Phillips received the Brian Blatchford Memorial Prize from the International Society for
Prosthetics and Orthotics.
1999 Van Phillips founded the Second Wind Foundation to provide inexpensive and durable
prosthetics similar in shape to Flex-Foot to people worldwide.
2000 Van Phillips sold Flex-Foot to Ossur, an Icelandic assistive devices manufacturer.
2002 Flex-Foot's development division remained in Utah, and Freedom Innovations was
established.
2017 Freedom Innovations was acquired by Ottobock, a German manufacturer of assistive devices.
2020 Freedom Innovations was split off under the direction of the U.S. Federal Trade Commission
(FTC), with Carbon footwear acquired by Proteor, a French assistive equipment
manufacturer.
Sources: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lemelson-MIT Program website, National
Paralympic Heritage Trust website.
3.2. Analysis of the Impact from Van Phillips' Patents to Ossur's Patents
Next, as a verification of Hypothesis 1, "technologies acquired through M&A will be utilized for
innovation creation," an analysis will be conducted on the effect of Van Phillips' patented
inventions on Ossur's patents. Before proceeding with the analysis, it should be noted that the
6. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.15, No.1/2, May 2023
38
acquisition of Flex-Foot had a significant business impact, acquiring about half of the sales in
2000.
Table 2 shows the list of patents previously created by Van Phillips. Ossur also acquired patents
and related information shown in Table 2 through M&A. As Van Phillips' patents can be assumed
to have a positive impact on Ossur, the analysis will proceed from that perspective.
Table 2 Patents Created by Van Phillips.
No. Patent Number Date of Patent Patent Title
1 11,020,251 2021/6/1 Methods and apparatus for improved interface
between the human body and prosthetic or similar
devices
2 11,013,621 2021/5/25 Prosthetic energy storing and releasing apparatus
3 7,879,110 2011/2/1 Foot prosthesis having cushioned ankle
4 7,655,049 2010/2/2 Socket insert having a bladder system
5 7,648,533 2010/1/19 Foot prosthesis having cushioned ankle
6 7,354,456 2008/4/8 Foot prosthesis having cushioned ankle
7 7,279,011 2007/10/9 Foot prosthesis having cushioned ankle
8 7,169,190 2007/1/30 Active shock module prosthesis
9 7,063,727 2006/6/20 Foot prosthesis having cushioned ankle
10 7,060,104 2006/6/13 Energy storing foot prosthesis with improved
plantar flexion
11 6,899,737 2005/5/31 Foot prosthesis having cushioned ankle
12 6,887,279 2005/5/3 Active shock module prosthesis
13 6,811,571 2004/11/2 Universal prosthesis with cushioned ankle
14 6,527,811 2003/3/4 Foot prosthesis with modular foot plate
15 6,511,512 2003/1/28 Active shock module prosthesis
16 6,478,826 2002/11/12 Shock module prosthesis
17 6,406,500 2002/6/18 Foot prosthesis having curved forefoot
18 6,280,479 2001/8/28 Foot prosthesis having cushioned ankle
19 6,254,643 2001/7/3 Prosthetic device incorporating low ankle design
20 6,206,934 2001/3/27 Ankle block with spring inserts
21 6,165,227 2000/12/26 Attachment construction for prosthesis
22 6,071,313 2000/6/6 Split foot prosthesis
23 6,019,795 2000/2/1 Curved prosthesis
24 5,993,488 1999/11/30 Prosthesis with resilient ankle block
25 5,976,191 1999/11/2 Foot prosthesis having curved forefoot
26 5,899,944 1999/5/4 Prosthetic foot incorporating compressible
members
27 5,888,238 1999/3/30 Plug mounted prosthesis
28 5,824,112 1998/10/20 Prosthetic device incorporating low ankle design
29 5,800,569 1998/9/1 Prosthesis with resilient ankle block
30 5,776,205 1998/7/7 Split foot prosthesis
31 5,766,265 1998/6/16 Prosthetic foot having curved integral support
32 5,728,177 1998/3/17 Prosthesis with foam block ankle
33 5,728,176 1998/3/17 Attachment construction for prosthesis
34 5,725,598 1998/3/10 Prosthetic leg
35 5,593,457 1997/1/14 Foot prosthesis having auxiliary ankle
construction
7. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.15, No.1/2, May 2023
39
36 5,593,455 1997/1/14 Plug mounted prosthesis
37 5,549,714 1996/8/27 Symes foot prosthesis
38 5,514,186 1996/5/7 Attachment construction for prosthesis
39 5,514,185 1996/5/7 Split foot prosthesis
40 5,509,938 1996/4/23 Prosthetic foot incorporating adjustable bladder
41 5,486,209 1996/1/23 Foot prosthesis having auxiliary ankle
construction
42 5,464,441 1995/11/7 Prosthetic leg
43 5,458,656 1995/10/17 Energy-storing prosthesis leg pylon vertical shock
leg
44 5,443,529 1995/8/22 Prosthetic device incorporating multiple sole
bladders
45 5,425,782 1995/6/20 Alignment fixture for prosthetic device
46 5,387,246 1995/2/7 Prosthetic ski leg
47 5,376,141 1994/12/27 Low-profile symes foot prosthesis
48 5,290,319 1994/3/1 Prosthetic foot incorporating adjustable bladders
49 5,217,500 1993/6/8 Prosthetic leg
50 5,181,933 1993/1/26 Split foot prosthesis
51 5,181,932 1993/1/26 Foot prosthesis having auxiliary ankle
construction
52 5,037,444 1991/8/6 Prosthetic foot
53 4,822,363 1989/4/18 Modular composite prosthetic foot and leg
54 4,547,913 1985/10/22 Composite prosthetic foot and leg
Plotting from 1985 when Van Phillips first obtained his patent, Fig. 1 shows the trend of patents
for Van Phillips (Inventor) and Ossur (Assignee).
Fig. 1. Patent Trends for Van Phillips and Ossur (1985-2022).
To observe the impact of Van Phillips' patents on Ossur's patents, the following model ((1)
equation) is set up. The model represents the effect of Van Phillips' patents on Ossur's patents. To
measure how much time lag Van Phillips' patents have on Ossur's patents, the concept of time lag
is incorporated into the model. The analysis period is set as 20 years from 1990 to 2010. As the
acquisition was made in 2000, the impact will be measured in the 10 years before and after the
acquisition.
𝑂𝑃𝑡 = 𝑎′𝑉𝑃𝑡−𝑙 + 𝑏′ (1)
8. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.15, No.1/2, May 2023
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OP: Ossur patents number, VP: Van Phillips patents number, a’,b’: parameters, t: time, l: time
lag.
The analysis results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3 Regression Analysis Results between Ossur's Patents and Van Phillips' Patents.
time lag
a'
(t-value)
b'
(t-value) adj. R2
DW
0 year
-1.681
(-1.553)
9.225
(2.955) 0.069 0.373
5 years
0.233
(0.227)
4.911
(1.683) -0.053 0.163
10 years
3.285
(6.041)
0.309
(0.219) 0.651 1.318
15 years
7.785
(4.852)
2.250
(1.550)
0.543 1.454
The hypothesis 1 holds true when the Van Phillips patent has a positive effect on the Ossur
patent, that is, when the value of a' is positive. Therefore, the analysis result supporting
hypothesis 1 is seen in the time lags of 10 and 15 years. In addition, focusing on the results
obtained with 10 and 15 years of time lags, it can be statistically significant, indicating that Van
Phillips patent had a positive impact on Ossur patents 10 years after the acquisition. This analysis
analyzes patents only, so it became clear that Van Phillips has influenced Ossur's patent
acquisition more than 10
years after obtaining the patent.
From these results, hypothesis 1, that "technology acquired by M&A is utilized in innovation
creation," is verified, especially with a time lag of around 10 years. However, considering the
time it takes to conduct research to obtain a patent, the time to write the patent document, the
publication period, and the examination period, the effects of acquisition are assumed to have
been manifested more than 10 years ago.
3.3. Forward Citation Analysis on Van Phillips’s Patents
We aim to verify Hypothesis 2, which states that "acquired technology through M&A is utilized
over a long period of time." To understand the impact of Van Phillips' patents on Ossur's patents
in detail, we use citation information from US patents. Table 4 summarizes the patents obtained
by Van Phillips, their patent dates (Patent of Date), and the number of citations. As shown in
Table 2, Van Phillips wrote a total of 54 patents.
There are two types of citations in patents: backward citations and forward citations. Backward
citations refer to the confirmation of already patented technologies by examiners to ensure
novelty and progressiveness during patent examination. On the other hand, forward citations refer
to citations made by examiners during the examination of other patents. Patents with more
forward citations are considered valuable (Carpenter et al., 1981; Albert et al., 1991; Harhoff,
1999).
Therefore, in this study, we focus on Van Phillips' forward citations.
10. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.15, No.1/2, May 2023
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47 5,376,141 1994/12/27 110
48 5,290,319 1994/3/1 92
49 5,217,500 1993/6/8 84
50 5,181,933 1993/1/26 137
51 5,181,932 1993/1/26 105
52 5,037,444 1991/8/6 110
53 4,822,363 1989/4/18 148
54 4,547,913 1985/10/22 146
3531
a: Acquired data on August 18, 2022.
Table 5 List of Assignees who Forward Cited Van Phillips' Patents.
Rank Company names, organization names, and personal names Citation Number
1 Ossur 842
2 Freedom Innovations 441
3 Bioquest Prosthetics 385
4 Christensen; Roland J. 316
5 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 275
6 Bionx Medical Technologies 152
7 Phillips; Van L. 145
8 Townsend; Barry W. et.al 97
9 Ottobock 75
10 iWALK 67
11 Ohio Willow Wood 54
12 Victhom Laboratory 43
13 Applied Composite Technology 38
14 Implus Footcare 36
15 Laghi; Aldo A. 34
16 Chas. A. Blatchford & Sons 27
17 Phillips; Van L., Ossur 22
18 Ability Dynamics 20
19 Flex-Foot 20
20 Phillips; Van L. et.al 17
Table 5 presents a list of Assignees who have cited Van Phillips' patents in their own patents. The
company with the highest number of citations is Ossur, indicating that Ossur has referenced Van
11. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.15, No.1/2, May 2023
43
Phillips' patents 842 times during the examination of their own patents. Following Ossur is
Freedom Innovations, a company formed by designers who became independent from Flex Foot.
Other prosthetic-related companies, such as Bioquest Prosthetics and Ottobock, are also included
in the list. Notably, there are a total of 868 forward citations related to Ossur, which includes
cases where Van Phillips and Ossur are joint Assignees, ranking 17th.
Table 6 The Ratio of Ossur's Reference in Forward Citations of Van Phillips' Patents.
Phillips Patent
7879110
Citation Number by Ossul (A) Total Citation Number (B) A/B
11 59 18.6%
7655049 1 15 6.7%
7648533 9 10 90.0%
7354456 9 16 56.3%
7279011 19 27 70.4%
7169190 16 67 23.9%
7063727 47 110 42.7%
7060104 3 14 21.4%
6899737 22 30 73.3%
6887279 4 63 6.3%
6811571 31 93 33.3%
6527811 14 35 40.0%
6511512 6 59 10.2%
6478826 29 78 37.2%
6406500 10 45 22.2%
6280479 27 77 35.1%
6254643 0 22 0.0%
6206934 56 112 50.0%
6165227 23 51 45.1%
6071313 28 117 23.9%
6019795 1 27 3.7%
5993488 26 81 32.1%
5976191 6 50 12.0%
5899944 27 83 32.5%
5888238 0 21 0.0%
5824112 11 54 20.4%
5800569 21 76 27.6%
5776205 0 98 0.0%
5766265 3 41 7.3%
5728177 26 80 32.5%
5728176 1 38 2.6%
5725598 11 56 19.6%
5593457 1 49 2.0%
5593455 0 23 0.0%
5549714 0 44 0.0%
5514186 9 40 22.5%
5514185 8 108 7.4%
5509938 23 109 21.1%
5486209 9 69 13.0%
5464441 0 27 0.0%
5458656 3 84 3.6%
5443529 25 100 25.0%
5425782 2 44 4.5%
5387246 27 97 27.8%
5376141 47 110 42.7%
12. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.15, No.1/2, May 2023
44
5290319 25 92 27.2%
5217500 33 84 39.3%
5181933 29 137 21.2%
5181932 25 105 23.8%
5037444 29 110 26.4%
4822363 23 148 15.5%
4547913 26 146 17.8%
Average 23.8%
Table 6 shows the extracted data from Table 5, which includes only the forward citations of Van
Phillips' patents made by patent examiners, and adds the citation ratio to Ossur. Of all the forward
citations of Van Phillips' patents, 23.8% were made to Ossur. What we can learn from Tables 5
and 6 is that Ossur is the company that is utilizing Van Phillips' patents more than any other
company.
Fig. 2 Comparison of Citation Numbers in Van Phillips' Patents.
Fig.2 shows the time trend of forward citations of Van Phillips' patents. The Y-axis represents the
number of patents, while the X-axis shows the time lag (in years) between the filing date of Van
Phillips' patent and the filing date of the forward-cited patent. For example, if Van Phillips' patent
was filed in January 2010 and the forward-cited patent was filed in January 2020, the time lag
would be 10 years. Each line represents "Others," excluding self-citations by Ossur and Ossur and
Van Phillips.
The mean and standard deviation of Ossur and Others in Fig. 2 are shown below.
There is a significant difference of average time lag in Ossur (M = 16.140, SD = 6.651) compared
to others (M = 12.083, SD = 5.944), t (1377) = 15.898, P<.001.
The results show that patent examiners are citing Van Phillips' patents an average of 16.1 years
for Ossur and 12.1 years for other companies. This suggests that Ossur is using Van Phillips'
patents for a longer period of time, possibly through the acquisition of Flex Foot, and the
difference is approximately 4 years. Thus, the hypothesis 2, "Technology acquired through M&A
is utilized over a long period of time" has been verified.
13. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.15, No.1/2, May 2023
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3.4. Analysis of the Long-Term Use of Technology
To test Hypothesis 3, "The long-term use of technology acquired through M&A positively affects
a company's performance," a regression analysis was conducted on Ossur's sales revenue and the
Ossur patents that have been utilizing Van Phillips' patents for a long time.
Fig. 3 illustrates the trend of Ossur's sales revenue and patents. The data is reported from 1999
because Ossur was listed on the Iceland stock exchange in the same year. Furthermore, Ossur is a
company that generates innovative products through active development of welfare devices such
as prosthetics and M&As.
Fig. 3 Trend of Ossur's Sales Revenue and Patents (1999-2021).
Fig. 3 shows the growth of innovation through the growth of Ossur's sales revenue and patent
portfolio. Based on the study by Watanabe (1992), which argues that innovation and technology
serve as strategic resources for companies, it can be explained that revenue can be influenced by
the number of patents. Additionally, Ossur acquired TeamOlmed in 2013 to gain sales channels.
Since the acquisition of sales channels contributes to revenue, it is necessary to incorporate its
impact into the regression model. Specifically, a dummy variable is used to capture the effect of
the acquisition after 2013. Based on the above discussion, the model ((2) equation) is presented
below.
𝑂𝑆 = 𝑎𝑂𝑃 + 𝑏𝐷 + 𝑐 (2)
OS: Ossur Sales Revenue, OP: Ossur Patent Number, D: dummy variable, a,b,c: parameters.
The analysis results are shown in Table 7.
Table 7 Regression Analysis Results between Ossur's Sales Revenue and Patents.
a
(t-value)
b
(t-value)
c
(t-value)
adj. R2
DW
8.240
(5.654)
115.171
(1.985)
97.478
(3.002) 0.851 1.534
The analysis results in Table 7 show that the parameter a has a positive sign, indicating that
patents have a positive effect on sales. Furthermore, all of the t-values, adjusted R-squared, and
14. International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) Vol.15, No.1/2, May 2023
46
Durbin-Watson statistics are statistically significant, suggesting that patents are a significant
determinant of sales for Ossur. This indicates that patents are an important strategic resource for
Ossur.
Therefore, the verification of hypothesis 3, that "technologies acquired through M&A will have a
positive impact on the company's performance in the long run," has been demonstrated.
4. CONCLUSION
This study discusses strategies for overcoming the dilemma faced by ICT companies where
expanding R&D does not necessarily lead to increased productivity, and focuses on M&A as one
of these strategies. The study aims to reveal the mechanism by which acquired technology can
lead to the creation of new innovations and to discuss efficient methods for corporate mergers and
acquisitions to improve productivity in R&D activities.
The study considers a mechanism in which acquired technology is utilized in a layered manner
over a long period of time as important for creating new innovations. Three hypotheses were
tested: "Technology acquired through M&A is utilized in innovation creation," "Technology
acquired through M&A is utilized over a long period of time," and "Long-term utilization of
technology acquired through M&A has a positive impact on corporate performance."
Through the verification of these hypotheses, it was revealed that the long-term layered utilization
of acquired technology is effective in creating new innovations. In addition, the study provides
specific examples and recommendations for efficient corporate mergers and acquisitions to
improve productivity in R&D activities by examining the historical evolution of relationships
between M&A stakeholders. For example, in the case of prosthetic technology, Ossur has not
only acquired Flex Foot but has also undertaken many other M&As (Hansen & Pedersen, 2006),
and the ability to utilize technology acquired over a long period of time may be associated with
the experience gained from this strategy as well as with internal organization and systems.
This study addresses the dilemma faced by ICT companies where expanding R&D does not
necessarily lead to increased productivity and discusses efficient methods for corporate mergers
and acquisitions to improve productivity in R&D activities by revealing the mechanism by which
acquired technology can lead to the creation of new innovations.Similar to Ossur, there are
Japanese electronics manufacturers such as Kyocera, MinebeaMitsumi, and NIDEC that utilize
M&A for technology development and profitability. By including these companies as part of the
analysis in the future, it is believed that the universality of the theories proposed in this study can
be demonstrated.
In addition, the sample size of the time-series data examined in this study is small. While the
analysis results showed high statistical significance, this poses a limitation to the research.
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