Claudia Llanten, MD, MPH of CMMB describes the importance of immunization in protecting the health of children and adults and how CMMB partners with other organizations to deliver vaccines at the CCIH 2018 conference.

1. Immunization place in preventing
childhood diseases
and
vaccines emerging importance in
adult’s protection
1
Claudia Llanten, MD MPH
CCIH Annual Conference
Baltimore, July 14th, 2018

2. 2
At the end of this session you will be able to:
1.Describe the contribution of immunization in preventing the most
prevalent childhood illnesses.
2.List a few global challenges face to increase vaccination coverage
3.List the most promising vaccines for adults
4.Discuss the importance of partnership as a key element to expand
immunization services

3. Global trends in MM, Neonatal and under 5
child mortality 1990-2015
Health in 2015: From MDGs to SDGs (WHO, 2015)

4. 4
Causes of deaths among children under 5 years
Source: WHO-MCEE child causes of death 2000-2016 (Global Health estimates Technical paper
WHO/HMM/IER/GHE/2018.1 )

5. 5
Global trends
47% pneumonia
and 57%
reduction in
diarrhea deaths
are attributed to
Pneumonia and
diarrhea kill 1.4
million children
every year – more
than all other
childhood illnesses
combined

6. 6
56
90
55
24
85
65
58
28
50
39
67
87
85
86
88
38
54
34
39
79
42
Intervention coverage along the continuum of care
Health in 2015: From MDGs to SDGs (WHO, 2015)
Vaccinations and the continuum of care

7. The Gap
7

8. 8
Adult’s vaccine protection

9. Adults Vaccine Development
9
Currently, there are 264
vaccines in development by
America’s
biopharmaceutical
companies to both prevent
and treat diseases.
These include 137 for
infectious diseases, 101 for
cancer, 10 for allergies,
eight for autoimmune
disease, four for
Alzheimer’s
disease and five for other
diseases.
Among the vaccines in development are:
● A vaccine to prevent HIV infection, which
has the potential to teach the patient’s
immune system to recognize and
effectively fight HIV
● A therapeutic vaccine for Alzheimer’s
disease combines beta-amyloid peptide
fragments to a virus-like particle (VLP) to
generate antibodies against the beta-
amyloid protein and inhibit plaque
formation.
● A vaccine for the prevention of
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
infections in adults over the age of 60
acts differently than traditional vaccines.

10. Challenges about adults vaccination
10
While vaccines are one of the most effective ways we
have to protect people from infectious diseases, the
effectiveness of vaccination can decrease with age.

11. Economic Burden of Vaccine-preventable
diseases in adults
11
In 2013 alone, the estimated annual costs for low uptake of vaccines
for four major adult vaccine-preventable diseases (influenza,
pneumococcal disease, herpes zoster [shingles], and pertussis
[whooping cough] totaled $15.3 billion for adults ages 65 or older.
America's Biopharmaceutical
Companies. (2017)

12. What has been the role of partnerships?
12
Individuals &
communities
Governments
Civil Society
Academia
Global agencies
Development
partners
Health professionals
Media and the
private sector
Manufactures Global
vaccine
partners and
stakeholders

13. 13
Challenges & opportunities
• Sustaining vaccine coverage: good progress, but sustain and
increasing vaccine coverage for all vaccines remains an issue in
some countries.
• Lack of specific guidance: Many countries have child health
policies that are not implementing at the ground level
• Supply issues: in some countries, vaccines are unavailable in
sufficient quantities or as appropriate formulations for
children.
• Surveillance: Quality of routine data collection to measure
progress. Health information systems do not usually include
community-level activities. As a result, community-level data
are not available for decision making at higher levels.
• Monitoring and evaluation: Indicators and plans for M&E and
established mechanisms for supervision have yet to be agreed
upon in several countries.
• Empowerment communities: Educate, empower and engage
vulnerable groups and communities on their right to health

14. 14
Partnerships
In partnerships like this, stronger accountability for actions is
required. The GAVI Alliance and its support for health system
strengthening and new vaccine introduction can also be used at
the country level to ensure health worker training, monitoring
and evaluation, supply chain management, etc.
Over the past 3 years, the GAVI Alliance has assisted over 20
countries to introduce pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV),
which prevents the most common cause of childhood
pneumonia.
Introduction of new vaccines can provide a platform for the
provision of other commodities such as antibiotics, ORS and zinc,
as well as facilitate the update of joint reporting and monitoring
tools (e.g. registers, Child Health Cards)

15. 15
FBO’s participation in the health services delivery in
developing countries is increasing, it is an opportunity
for:
- Religious leaders provide messages promoting
demand for vaccination and decreasing
misinformation against.
- Support for immunization programs
- Helping reach children in underserved areas
- Promote behavior changes in cultural challenged
environments
- Continue with strong presence in the
communities
- Advocate to channel resources for immunization

16. 16
References
Progress and Challenges with Achieving Universal Immunization Coverage:2016 Estimates of
immunization Coverage
http://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/who-immuniz.pdf
Children Morality and Immunization
https://www.unicef.org/immunization/index_why.html
Children Immunization Challenges
https://www.unicef.org/immunization/index_challenges.html
https://www.statnews.com/2017/08/10/vaccine-funding-children-measles-aca/
http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/79200/9789241505239_eng.pdf;jsessionid=7B0682D8
3E3ABD7F92F1F6C3805E831D?sequence=1
https://www.statnews.com/2017/08/10/vaccine-funding-children-measles-aca/
Vaccination Coverage Among Adults in the United States, National Health Interview Survey, 2016
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/imz-managers/coverage/adultvaxview/pubs-resources/NHIS-2016.html
America's Biopharmaceutical Companies. (2017). MEDICINES IN DEVELOPMEN: VACCINES.
http://phrma-docs.phrma.org/files/dmfile/Vaccines_ReportLong_2017.pdf