The document presents various multimedia learning principles, highlighting the importance of coherence and contiguity in educational materials as discussed by Richard Mayer and Ruth Clark. It includes examples of effective instructional graphics and a step-by-step guide on tying a tie, showcasing how visuals can enhance learning experiences. Additionally, it emphasizes the effectiveness of both organizational and relational types of graphics for comprehension.

1. Multimedia Principles
and Images for Learning
Examples of ideas laid out
by Richard Mayer in Multimedia Learning
and by Ruth Clark in Graphics for Learning

2. Coherence
Multimedia learning principles

3. by Tom Nixon - http://speakingpractically.com/2015/04/20/simplify-your-slides/
BEFORE
AFTER

4. From Presentation Zen
By Garr ReynoldsBEFORE
AFTER

5. Spatial Contiguity
Multimedia learning principles

6. by Sarah Riazati & Mike Bamford
http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/every-learner/6693
BEFORE
AFTER

7. BEFORE
https://sites.google.com/site/cognitivetheorymmlearning/contiguity-principle

8. AFTER

9. Temporal Contiguity
Multimedia learning principles

10. Narration:
Start with the back of the tie facing away from you – wide end on the
right, small on the left (wide end normally rests slightly above navel).
Move the wide end under the small end to the left.
Cross the wide end over the small end to the right.
Pull the wide end up underneath and into the neck loop.
Pull the wide end down through the loop you made at your neck.
Pull down on the wide end to tighten and slide the knot up to adjust.
Image by ties.com
BEFORE

11. Narration:
Start with the back of the tie facing away from you – wide end on the
right, small on the left (wide end normally rests slightly above navel).=
AFTER: 1 of 6

12. Narration:
Move the wide end under the small end to the left.
AFTER: 2 of 6

13. Narration:
Cross the wide end over the small end to the right.
AFTER: 3 of 6

14. Narration:
Pull the wide end up underneath and into the neck loop.
AFTER: 4 of 6

15. Narration:
Pull the wide end down through the loop you made at your neck.
AFTER: 5 of 6

16. Narration:
Pull down on the wide end to tighten and slide the knot up to adjust.
AFTER: 6 of 6

17. Signaling
Multimedia learning principles

18. BEFORE
Image from Wikimedia Commons

19. AFTER

20. Redundancy
Multimedia learning principles

21. Narration:
Cross the wide end over the small end to the right.
Cross the wide end over the small end to the right.
BEFORE
Image by ties.com
(on-screen text)

22. Narration:
Cross the wide end over the small end to the right.REDUNDANCY
AFTER

23. Types of graphics for learning
Organizational

24. Source: http://www.aims.education/study-online/supply-chain-operations-reference-model-scor/

25. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Conceptmap.png

26. Relational
Types of graphics for learning

29. Transformational
Types of graphics for learning

30. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Germination-en.svg

32. Interpretive
Types of graphics for learning

33. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2314_Boyles_Law.jpg

34. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Punnett_square_mendel_flowers.svg

35. Assembled by Chris Clark, July 2016
Kaneb Center for Teaching and Learning
University of Notre Dame
http://kaneb.nd.edu