IRJET-The Study of Effect of Blast Load on Multi-Storey Building by using Tim...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the effect of blast loads on multi-storey buildings using time history analysis. A G+4 storey reinforced concrete building is subjected to blast loads from charges weighing 100, 300, and 500kg placed at standoff distances of 30, 40, and 50m. Nonlinear time history analysis is carried out using ETABS 2016 software. The response of the structure is examined in terms of displacement, velocity, acceleration, storey drift, beam forces, column forces, and storey displacement. The results show that when the blast source is closer and the charge weight is higher, the building response is more critical.
In this paper, an attempt has been made to compare the
structural cost of a basement, ground and 6 upper floors building with and without the provision of
soft storey (Stilt floor) through dynamic analysis of a residential building in Zone-V
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF HIGH RISE STRUCTURES UNDER DIFFERENT TYPE OF REINFORCED C...AM Publications
Shear walls are a type of structural system that provides lateral resistance to a building or structure. They resist in-plane loads that are applied along its height. The applied load is generally transferred to the wall by a diaphragm or collector or drag member. In the present work thirty story building with C Shape, Box shape, E Shape, I shape and Plus shape RC Shear wall at the center in Concrete Frame Structure with fixed support conditions under different type of soil for earthquake zone V as per IS 1893 (part 1) : 2002 in India are analyzed using software ETABS by Dynamic analysis. All the analyses has been carried out as per the Indian Standard code books. This paper aims to Study the behaviour of high rise structure with dual system with Different Type of RC Shear Walls (C,Box,E,I and Plus shapes) under different type of soil condition with seismic loading. Estimation of structural response such as; storey displacements, storey stiffness, Lateral loads, Mode shape of shear wall, Time period and frequency is carried out. In dynamic analysis; Response Spectrum method is used.
This presentation summarizes Sarang Wakharkar's research on designing impact resistant overhead protection structures and blast proof chambers. The research investigated passive protective measures for existing facilities vulnerable to enemy munitions. A modular structural system was designed using commercially available materials like tubing and scaffolding. Structural analysis software modeled 9 configurations to understand how dimensions relate to load capacity. The design was analyzed under conditions in Parwan Province, Afghanistan. Preliminary findings showed commercially available materials can quickly install overhead protection in hostile areas. The presentation outlines objectives, methodology, literature review, and plans to analyze and design sample structures to resist blast loads at different distances.
Effect of Impulsive Loads on G+3 RCC BuildingIJMERJOURNAL
This document analyzes the effect of impulsive loads on a G+3 reinforced concrete building modeled in STAAD Pro. Triangular, rectangular, and sinusoidal impulse loads of 100kN applied for 0.5 seconds were analyzed. It was found that:
1) The maximum deformations occurred on the front surface and roof of the building, with deformations decreasing along the height in a parabolic pattern.
2) Triangular impulses produced the largest deformations, followed by sinusoidal then rectangular impulses.
3) The building responded well to the impulses, but reinforcement should be increased to improve ductility under lateral loads. Higher grade concrete and over-reinforced beams and sl
Seismic Analysis of regular & Irregular RCC frame structuresDaanish Zama
This document discusses seismic analysis of regular and irregular reinforced concrete framed buildings. It analyzes 4 building models - a regular 4-story building, a stiffness irregular building with a soft ground story, and two vertically irregular buildings with setbacks on the 3rd floor and 2nd/3rd floors. Static analysis was performed to compare bending moments, shear forces, story drifts, and joint displacements. Results showed irregular buildings experienced higher seismic demands. The regular building performed best, with the single setback building also performing well. Irregular configurations increase seismic effects and should be minimized in design.
1) The document summarizes key aspects of Indonesian building code regulations (SNI) regarding earthquake-resistant design methods.
2) It covers general requirements, building structure design, performance factors, and the effects of earthquakes on building components.
3) Building risk categories are defined based on potential lives lost, with associated significance factors used to determine design earthquake loads.
1. The document analyzes the dynamic behavior of high-rise buildings with different reinforced concrete shear wall shapes (C, box, E, I, and plus shapes) under soft, medium, and hard soil conditions using response spectrum analysis.
2. Five 30-story building models were analyzed with different shear wall shapes at the center. Load combinations and material properties were defined according to Indian codes.
3. Results such as story displacements, story stiffness, lateral loads, shear wall mode shapes, time periods, and frequencies were estimated to study the behavior of tall buildings with dual structural systems and different shear wall configurations under seismic loading.
IRJET-The Study of Effect of Blast Load on Multi-Storey Building by using Tim...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the effect of blast loads on multi-storey buildings using time history analysis. A G+4 storey reinforced concrete building is subjected to blast loads from charges weighing 100, 300, and 500kg placed at standoff distances of 30, 40, and 50m. Nonlinear time history analysis is carried out using ETABS 2016 software. The response of the structure is examined in terms of displacement, velocity, acceleration, storey drift, beam forces, column forces, and storey displacement. The results show that when the blast source is closer and the charge weight is higher, the building response is more critical.
In this paper, an attempt has been made to compare the
structural cost of a basement, ground and 6 upper floors building with and without the provision of
soft storey (Stilt floor) through dynamic analysis of a residential building in Zone-V
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF HIGH RISE STRUCTURES UNDER DIFFERENT TYPE OF REINFORCED C...AM Publications
Shear walls are a type of structural system that provides lateral resistance to a building or structure. They resist in-plane loads that are applied along its height. The applied load is generally transferred to the wall by a diaphragm or collector or drag member. In the present work thirty story building with C Shape, Box shape, E Shape, I shape and Plus shape RC Shear wall at the center in Concrete Frame Structure with fixed support conditions under different type of soil for earthquake zone V as per IS 1893 (part 1) : 2002 in India are analyzed using software ETABS by Dynamic analysis. All the analyses has been carried out as per the Indian Standard code books. This paper aims to Study the behaviour of high rise structure with dual system with Different Type of RC Shear Walls (C,Box,E,I and Plus shapes) under different type of soil condition with seismic loading. Estimation of structural response such as; storey displacements, storey stiffness, Lateral loads, Mode shape of shear wall, Time period and frequency is carried out. In dynamic analysis; Response Spectrum method is used.
This presentation summarizes Sarang Wakharkar's research on designing impact resistant overhead protection structures and blast proof chambers. The research investigated passive protective measures for existing facilities vulnerable to enemy munitions. A modular structural system was designed using commercially available materials like tubing and scaffolding. Structural analysis software modeled 9 configurations to understand how dimensions relate to load capacity. The design was analyzed under conditions in Parwan Province, Afghanistan. Preliminary findings showed commercially available materials can quickly install overhead protection in hostile areas. The presentation outlines objectives, methodology, literature review, and plans to analyze and design sample structures to resist blast loads at different distances.
Effect of Impulsive Loads on G+3 RCC BuildingIJMERJOURNAL
This document analyzes the effect of impulsive loads on a G+3 reinforced concrete building modeled in STAAD Pro. Triangular, rectangular, and sinusoidal impulse loads of 100kN applied for 0.5 seconds were analyzed. It was found that:
1) The maximum deformations occurred on the front surface and roof of the building, with deformations decreasing along the height in a parabolic pattern.
2) Triangular impulses produced the largest deformations, followed by sinusoidal then rectangular impulses.
3) The building responded well to the impulses, but reinforcement should be increased to improve ductility under lateral loads. Higher grade concrete and over-reinforced beams and sl
Seismic Analysis of regular & Irregular RCC frame structuresDaanish Zama
This document discusses seismic analysis of regular and irregular reinforced concrete framed buildings. It analyzes 4 building models - a regular 4-story building, a stiffness irregular building with a soft ground story, and two vertically irregular buildings with setbacks on the 3rd floor and 2nd/3rd floors. Static analysis was performed to compare bending moments, shear forces, story drifts, and joint displacements. Results showed irregular buildings experienced higher seismic demands. The regular building performed best, with the single setback building also performing well. Irregular configurations increase seismic effects and should be minimized in design.
1) The document summarizes key aspects of Indonesian building code regulations (SNI) regarding earthquake-resistant design methods.
2) It covers general requirements, building structure design, performance factors, and the effects of earthquakes on building components.
3) Building risk categories are defined based on potential lives lost, with associated significance factors used to determine design earthquake loads.
1. The document analyzes the dynamic behavior of high-rise buildings with different reinforced concrete shear wall shapes (C, box, E, I, and plus shapes) under soft, medium, and hard soil conditions using response spectrum analysis.
2. Five 30-story building models were analyzed with different shear wall shapes at the center. Load combinations and material properties were defined according to Indian codes.
3. Results such as story displacements, story stiffness, lateral loads, shear wall mode shapes, time periods, and frequencies were estimated to study the behavior of tall buildings with dual structural systems and different shear wall configurations under seismic loading.
This document summarizes research on designing buildings to resist blast loads. It discusses modeling a sample building in ETABS software and analyzing its response to different blast scenarios varying the charge weight (125kg to 500kg TNT) and standoff distance (15m to 30m). Key findings include:
1) Increasing the standoff distance significantly reduces blast pressures and damage to the structure. With a 500kg charge at 15m, 177 beams/columns failed, but only 3 failed at 30m.
2) Regular, symmetrical building frames performed better than irregular designs under blast loads.
3) Guidelines for blast-resistant design are needed as conventional buildings are rarely designed for these forces. Important structures like government buildings should
Analysis Of RC Structures Subject To Vibration By Using AnsysIJERA Editor
Recent historic events have shown that buildings that are designed in compliance with conventional building codes are not necessarily able to resist blast effects. It was observed in the past events that progressive or disproportionate collapse generally occurred due to deficient blast performance of the structure, albeit in compliance with conventional design codes. In the past, safety of structures against blast effects was ensured, to a limited extent, through perimeter control; which minimizes damage by preventing the direct impact of the blast effects on the building. With the emergence of blast resistant structural design, methodologies to inhibit progressive collapse through the structural components performance can be developed, although there are no available adequate tools to simulate or predict progressive collapse behavior of concrete buildings with acceptable precision and reliability. This paper presents part of an effort to find an affordable solution to the problem. State of the art review of the blast analysis and progressive collapse analysis procedures will be presented. Preliminary analysis has been carried out to establish the vulnerability of a typical multistory reinforced concrete framed building in Riyadh when subjected to accidental or terrorist attack blast scenarios. In addition, the results of the blast vulnerability assessment will be used to develop mitigation approach to control or prevent progressive collapse of the building. For protective structures, reinforced concrete is commonly used. Concrete structures subjected to explosive loading in a combination of blast and fragments will have very different response than statically loaded structure. During the blast and the fragment impacts the structure will shake and vibrate, severe crushing of concrete occurs and a crater forms (spalling) in the front of the concrete; for large penetration, scabbing may occur at the backside of the wall, or even perforation, with a risk of injury for people inside the structure. This thesis is intended to increase the knowledge of reinforced concrete structures subjected to explosive loading, i.e. effects of blast and fragmentation. A further aim is to describe and use the non-linear finite element (FE) method for concrete penetration analyses. Particular attention is given to dynamic loading, where the concrete behavior differs compared to static loading. The compressive and tensile strengths increase due to the strain rate effects. Initial stiffness increases, and moreover the concrete strain capacity is increased in dynamic loading. Traditionally, for prediction of the depth of penetration and crater formation from fragments and projectiles, empirical relationships are used, which are discussed here together with the effects of the blast wave that is caused by the explosion. To learn more about the structural behavior of concrete subjected to severe loading, a powerful tool is to combine advanced non-linear FE analyses and exper
IRJET-Effect of Blast Loading on Framed Structure: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document reviews literature on the effect of blast loading on framed structures. It summarizes several studies that have analyzed the behavior of structures like buildings and steel beams when subjected to explosive blasts. The key factors influencing blast loading and structural response are identified as the charge weight, location of the blast, and structural configuration. Numerical modeling techniques are discussed for simulating blast loads and predicting structural damage. The response of reinforced concrete and composite structures is examined through various case studies. The goal of the review is to better understand how framed structures perform during explosive events.
Effect of vertical discontinuity of columns in r.c frames subjected to differ...eSAT Journals
Abstract Majority of structural systems are designed with various levels of irregularities in accordance with architectural requirements in order to produce aesthetic buildings. Irregular structures come into being due to discontinuity in mass, stiffness and strength in elevation and due to asymmetric geometrical conCharturation on plane. One of the irregularities in elevation is discontinuity of columns. In the present study, effects of the structural irregularity which is produced by the discontinuity of a columns in RC space frames subjected to different wind loads was investigated. Investigation was carried out for R.C space frames, with and without vertical discontinuity of columns for G+5, G+10 & G+15 storeys, assumed to be located in different wind zones in India. Both regular and irregular structures were analysed using STAADPro. From the study, it was concluded that frames without vertical discontinuity of the columns having more stiffness when compared to frames with vertical discontinuity of columns. Keywords: Structural irregularity, Vertical discontinuity, Discontinuity of columns, Wind loads.
Performance of shear wall building during seismic excitationsIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on the performance of shear wall buildings during seismic excitations. The study analyzed a 25-story building located in seismic zone 3, comparing the performance of two models: one with an L-shaped shear wall and one with a core-type shear wall. Time history analyses found that the building with the L-shaped wall experienced greater maximum displacement than the building with the core wall. Thus, providing shear walls as a core type can reduce story drift. Additionally, as the height of the building increases, shear walls absorb more lateral force than frames. Previous studies have also shown that shear walls with flanges perform better than walls without due to interaction between the flange and web.
This document discusses analyzing the response of a reinforced concrete building to blast loads. The building was modeled in Inventor and analyzed in Altair and Staad Pro. Transient structural analysis was used to simulate the effects of uniform blast pressure loads at different standoff distances. The objectives were to study deformation of the structure under positive and negative blast phases and compare effects of blast pressure at 5m and 6m standoffs. A 3-story commercial building was modeled and analyzed, with blast assumed from the front corner at 5m and 6m distances.
Lateral Load Analysis of Shear Wall and Concrete Braced Multi-Storeyed R.C Fr...ijsrd.com
This document analyzes the lateral load performance of different reinforced concrete frame models of a 12-story building using structural analysis software. Eight models are considered: a bare frame, fully infilled frame, frames infilled except the ground floor, and frames with shear walls, core walls or bracing in different configurations. Dynamic analysis shows fundamental periods are lowest for models with shear walls or bracing. Base shear and story drifts are highest for the bare frame and reduced by over 60% for infilled models. Models with ground soft-first story have increased drift, but shear walls or bracing can reduce drift by over 80% compared to the bare frame. Story displacements also decrease significantly with infilling or lateral load resisting elements.
Seminar on Bomb Blast Resistant Structure by Shantanu PatilShantanu Patil
The design of civilian or commercial buildings to withstand the effects of a terrorist blast is unlike the design of military installations or the design of embassy buildings. The objectives of the “Structural Engineering Guidelines” for the Design of New Embassy Buildings are to prevent heavy damage to components and structural collapse. Adherence to the provisions of the guidelines will minimize injuries and loss of life and facilitate the evacuation and rescue of survivors. The blast-protection objective of any commercial or public building must be similar to those of embassy structures, that is to prevent structural collapse, to save lives, and to evacuate victims.
Seismic Analysis of Multistoreyed RC Building Due to Mass Irregularity by Tim...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the seismic analysis of a 12-story reinforced concrete building with and without mass irregularity using time history analysis. The building is modeled and analyzed using ETABS software considering the Bhuj earthquake record. Lead rubber bearings are designed and used as base isolators. Parameters like base shear, time period, and story displacement are compared for regular and irregular buildings with fixed base and base isolated conditions. The results show that base isolation is effective in reducing base shear by up to 49% and increasing time period, while mass irregularity increases base shear and time period compared to the regular fixed base building.
This document discusses the design of blast resistant structures. It begins by explaining that terrorist attacks involving explosives have increased the need to consider blast loads in building design. The objectives are to explain blast resistant design theories and techniques. It describes the effects of explosions, including shock waves and pressure decay over distance. Design considerations for blast resistant structures include reinforcing steel, concrete strength, and "bomb proof" concrete with steel fibers. The document also discusses reducing blast impacts through increasing stand-off distance from explosions. Both architectural and structural design aspects are important for blast resistance. Structural designs aim to prevent overall collapse and distribute explosion energy without failure.
This document discusses the different types of loads that structures must be designed to withstand. It identifies vertical loads like dead loads from structural elements and permanent fixtures, and live loads from temporary objects and occupancy. Horizontal loads include wind loads and seismic loads from earthquakes. Longitudinal loads also exist for some structures. Specific live loads are defined by building codes depending on a structure's use. Other load types addressed are wind loads, snow loads, hydrostatic pressure, soil pressure, and impact loads. Dead and live loads are explained in more detail.
Masonry buildings should have simple structural configurations to perform well during earthquakes. Complex shapes like L, T, E, and Y perform poorly and should be separated into simple rectangular blocks with adequate gaps. Openings near wall corners are detrimental as they hamper force transfer between walls. Staircases can also cause damage if not designed carefully, such as by separating them from the building. Simple designs with small openings located away from corners and careful staircase design can help masonry buildings develop box-like behavior and withstand earthquake forces.
The document discusses the different types of loads that act on structures. It classifies loads as vertical loads (dead load, live load, impact load), horizontal loads (wind load, earthquake load), and longitudinal loads (tractive and braking forces). The main vertical loads are dead load from structural members and materials, live load from occupancy, and impact load from vibrations. The primary horizontal loads are wind load from air movement and earthquake load from seismic activity. Longitudinal loads apply specifically to bridges and gantries. The document provides further details on the characteristics and calculation of common load types like dead load, live load, snow load, impact load, wind load, and earthquake load.
This document is a seminar report submitted by Alok B. Rathod for his Master's degree in Civil Engineering. The report examines the effects of blast loading on reinforced concrete structures. It first provides background on blast phenomena such as shock waves and dynamic loadings. It then discusses how blasts can affect structures and methods for analyzing structural response to blast loads. The report also presents case studies on the behavior of reinforced concrete columns and panels subjected to blast loading through experiments. It concludes with recommendations for further research on improving blast resistance of structures.
Brick masonry houses are very vulnerable to damage during earthquakes because their walls can easily topple over from horizontal shaking. To improve seismic performance, all walls must be connected together like a box using techniques like interlocking masonry and horizontal bands. This allows walls to support each other. Walls also need to be tied to the roof and foundation. Additionally, walls should be sturdy enough to resist horizontal forces by limiting their height-to-thickness and length-to-thickness ratios. The choice of bricks and mortar also significantly impacts earthquake resistance, with clay bricks and cement mortar providing better bonding than weaker materials.
Effect of steel bracing on vertically irregular r.c.c building frames under s...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Earthquakes are one of the most life threatening, environmental hazardous and destructive natural phenomenons that causes
shaking of ground. This result in damage to the structures, hence we need to design the buildings to withstand these earthquakes
which may occur at least once in the life time of the structure. Structures possess less stiffness and strength in case of irregular
configured frames; to enhance this, lateral load resisting systems are introduced into the frames. In this study, G+5 storey
building model has been analyzed considering different types of vertical geometric irregularities and steel bracings using
pushover analysis with the help of ETABS 9.7 software. Addition of X type brace, V type Brace and Inverted V/K type brace shows
that use of X-type of bracing is found more suitable to enhance the performance of the irregular buildings.
Key Words: pushover analysis, vertical irregularity, steel bracings, performance point.
Loads considered while designing a building according to Indian standarsSrinivasRowthu
This PPT includes the loads that are considering while designing a building according to Indian standards and the codes to be followed and with a neat images
This document discusses how to make buildings more ductile and earthquake resistant through proper construction materials and design. It explains that masonry and concrete are brittle materials that fail suddenly, while steel is ductile and can undergo large deformation before failure. Reinforced concrete uses steel reinforcement to make concrete more ductile. For seismic resistance, buildings should be designed like a ductile chain, making weaker members like beams fail through ductile yielding before stronger columns. This requires special seismic design codes to ensure adequate ductility in vulnerable members. Strict quality control is also needed during construction to guarantee ductile behavior.
research project for civil engineering studentsshivam96913245
modification of bitumen for flexible pavements.
in this project i brought a new idea and technique for making pavements more stronger than before,this idea of using waste rubber and plastic was never used before.
it was a special project which i choose during b.tech programme and was 100% sucessful.
- The document discusses the resistance of fly ash-based and slag-based geopolymer concrete to sulfate and acid attack.
- Specimens of both geopolymer concretes and ordinary Portland cement concrete were subjected to 5% sodium sulfate and 5% sulfuric acid solutions.
- Test results found that both types of geopolymer concrete underwent very little change in compressive strength under acid and sulfate attack, suggesting their durability is much superior to ordinary cement concrete in these environments.
This document summarizes research on designing buildings to resist blast loads. It discusses modeling a sample building in ETABS software and analyzing its response to different blast scenarios varying the charge weight (125kg to 500kg TNT) and standoff distance (15m to 30m). Key findings include:
1) Increasing the standoff distance significantly reduces blast pressures and damage to the structure. With a 500kg charge at 15m, 177 beams/columns failed, but only 3 failed at 30m.
2) Regular, symmetrical building frames performed better than irregular designs under blast loads.
3) Guidelines for blast-resistant design are needed as conventional buildings are rarely designed for these forces. Important structures like government buildings should
Analysis Of RC Structures Subject To Vibration By Using AnsysIJERA Editor
Recent historic events have shown that buildings that are designed in compliance with conventional building codes are not necessarily able to resist blast effects. It was observed in the past events that progressive or disproportionate collapse generally occurred due to deficient blast performance of the structure, albeit in compliance with conventional design codes. In the past, safety of structures against blast effects was ensured, to a limited extent, through perimeter control; which minimizes damage by preventing the direct impact of the blast effects on the building. With the emergence of blast resistant structural design, methodologies to inhibit progressive collapse through the structural components performance can be developed, although there are no available adequate tools to simulate or predict progressive collapse behavior of concrete buildings with acceptable precision and reliability. This paper presents part of an effort to find an affordable solution to the problem. State of the art review of the blast analysis and progressive collapse analysis procedures will be presented. Preliminary analysis has been carried out to establish the vulnerability of a typical multistory reinforced concrete framed building in Riyadh when subjected to accidental or terrorist attack blast scenarios. In addition, the results of the blast vulnerability assessment will be used to develop mitigation approach to control or prevent progressive collapse of the building. For protective structures, reinforced concrete is commonly used. Concrete structures subjected to explosive loading in a combination of blast and fragments will have very different response than statically loaded structure. During the blast and the fragment impacts the structure will shake and vibrate, severe crushing of concrete occurs and a crater forms (spalling) in the front of the concrete; for large penetration, scabbing may occur at the backside of the wall, or even perforation, with a risk of injury for people inside the structure. This thesis is intended to increase the knowledge of reinforced concrete structures subjected to explosive loading, i.e. effects of blast and fragmentation. A further aim is to describe and use the non-linear finite element (FE) method for concrete penetration analyses. Particular attention is given to dynamic loading, where the concrete behavior differs compared to static loading. The compressive and tensile strengths increase due to the strain rate effects. Initial stiffness increases, and moreover the concrete strain capacity is increased in dynamic loading. Traditionally, for prediction of the depth of penetration and crater formation from fragments and projectiles, empirical relationships are used, which are discussed here together with the effects of the blast wave that is caused by the explosion. To learn more about the structural behavior of concrete subjected to severe loading, a powerful tool is to combine advanced non-linear FE analyses and exper
IRJET-Effect of Blast Loading on Framed Structure: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document reviews literature on the effect of blast loading on framed structures. It summarizes several studies that have analyzed the behavior of structures like buildings and steel beams when subjected to explosive blasts. The key factors influencing blast loading and structural response are identified as the charge weight, location of the blast, and structural configuration. Numerical modeling techniques are discussed for simulating blast loads and predicting structural damage. The response of reinforced concrete and composite structures is examined through various case studies. The goal of the review is to better understand how framed structures perform during explosive events.
Effect of vertical discontinuity of columns in r.c frames subjected to differ...eSAT Journals
Abstract Majority of structural systems are designed with various levels of irregularities in accordance with architectural requirements in order to produce aesthetic buildings. Irregular structures come into being due to discontinuity in mass, stiffness and strength in elevation and due to asymmetric geometrical conCharturation on plane. One of the irregularities in elevation is discontinuity of columns. In the present study, effects of the structural irregularity which is produced by the discontinuity of a columns in RC space frames subjected to different wind loads was investigated. Investigation was carried out for R.C space frames, with and without vertical discontinuity of columns for G+5, G+10 & G+15 storeys, assumed to be located in different wind zones in India. Both regular and irregular structures were analysed using STAADPro. From the study, it was concluded that frames without vertical discontinuity of the columns having more stiffness when compared to frames with vertical discontinuity of columns. Keywords: Structural irregularity, Vertical discontinuity, Discontinuity of columns, Wind loads.
Performance of shear wall building during seismic excitationsIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on the performance of shear wall buildings during seismic excitations. The study analyzed a 25-story building located in seismic zone 3, comparing the performance of two models: one with an L-shaped shear wall and one with a core-type shear wall. Time history analyses found that the building with the L-shaped wall experienced greater maximum displacement than the building with the core wall. Thus, providing shear walls as a core type can reduce story drift. Additionally, as the height of the building increases, shear walls absorb more lateral force than frames. Previous studies have also shown that shear walls with flanges perform better than walls without due to interaction between the flange and web.
This document discusses analyzing the response of a reinforced concrete building to blast loads. The building was modeled in Inventor and analyzed in Altair and Staad Pro. Transient structural analysis was used to simulate the effects of uniform blast pressure loads at different standoff distances. The objectives were to study deformation of the structure under positive and negative blast phases and compare effects of blast pressure at 5m and 6m standoffs. A 3-story commercial building was modeled and analyzed, with blast assumed from the front corner at 5m and 6m distances.
Lateral Load Analysis of Shear Wall and Concrete Braced Multi-Storeyed R.C Fr...ijsrd.com
This document analyzes the lateral load performance of different reinforced concrete frame models of a 12-story building using structural analysis software. Eight models are considered: a bare frame, fully infilled frame, frames infilled except the ground floor, and frames with shear walls, core walls or bracing in different configurations. Dynamic analysis shows fundamental periods are lowest for models with shear walls or bracing. Base shear and story drifts are highest for the bare frame and reduced by over 60% for infilled models. Models with ground soft-first story have increased drift, but shear walls or bracing can reduce drift by over 80% compared to the bare frame. Story displacements also decrease significantly with infilling or lateral load resisting elements.
Seminar on Bomb Blast Resistant Structure by Shantanu PatilShantanu Patil
The design of civilian or commercial buildings to withstand the effects of a terrorist blast is unlike the design of military installations or the design of embassy buildings. The objectives of the “Structural Engineering Guidelines” for the Design of New Embassy Buildings are to prevent heavy damage to components and structural collapse. Adherence to the provisions of the guidelines will minimize injuries and loss of life and facilitate the evacuation and rescue of survivors. The blast-protection objective of any commercial or public building must be similar to those of embassy structures, that is to prevent structural collapse, to save lives, and to evacuate victims.
Seismic Analysis of Multistoreyed RC Building Due to Mass Irregularity by Tim...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the seismic analysis of a 12-story reinforced concrete building with and without mass irregularity using time history analysis. The building is modeled and analyzed using ETABS software considering the Bhuj earthquake record. Lead rubber bearings are designed and used as base isolators. Parameters like base shear, time period, and story displacement are compared for regular and irregular buildings with fixed base and base isolated conditions. The results show that base isolation is effective in reducing base shear by up to 49% and increasing time period, while mass irregularity increases base shear and time period compared to the regular fixed base building.
This document discusses the design of blast resistant structures. It begins by explaining that terrorist attacks involving explosives have increased the need to consider blast loads in building design. The objectives are to explain blast resistant design theories and techniques. It describes the effects of explosions, including shock waves and pressure decay over distance. Design considerations for blast resistant structures include reinforcing steel, concrete strength, and "bomb proof" concrete with steel fibers. The document also discusses reducing blast impacts through increasing stand-off distance from explosions. Both architectural and structural design aspects are important for blast resistance. Structural designs aim to prevent overall collapse and distribute explosion energy without failure.
This document discusses the different types of loads that structures must be designed to withstand. It identifies vertical loads like dead loads from structural elements and permanent fixtures, and live loads from temporary objects and occupancy. Horizontal loads include wind loads and seismic loads from earthquakes. Longitudinal loads also exist for some structures. Specific live loads are defined by building codes depending on a structure's use. Other load types addressed are wind loads, snow loads, hydrostatic pressure, soil pressure, and impact loads. Dead and live loads are explained in more detail.
Masonry buildings should have simple structural configurations to perform well during earthquakes. Complex shapes like L, T, E, and Y perform poorly and should be separated into simple rectangular blocks with adequate gaps. Openings near wall corners are detrimental as they hamper force transfer between walls. Staircases can also cause damage if not designed carefully, such as by separating them from the building. Simple designs with small openings located away from corners and careful staircase design can help masonry buildings develop box-like behavior and withstand earthquake forces.
The document discusses the different types of loads that act on structures. It classifies loads as vertical loads (dead load, live load, impact load), horizontal loads (wind load, earthquake load), and longitudinal loads (tractive and braking forces). The main vertical loads are dead load from structural members and materials, live load from occupancy, and impact load from vibrations. The primary horizontal loads are wind load from air movement and earthquake load from seismic activity. Longitudinal loads apply specifically to bridges and gantries. The document provides further details on the characteristics and calculation of common load types like dead load, live load, snow load, impact load, wind load, and earthquake load.
This document is a seminar report submitted by Alok B. Rathod for his Master's degree in Civil Engineering. The report examines the effects of blast loading on reinforced concrete structures. It first provides background on blast phenomena such as shock waves and dynamic loadings. It then discusses how blasts can affect structures and methods for analyzing structural response to blast loads. The report also presents case studies on the behavior of reinforced concrete columns and panels subjected to blast loading through experiments. It concludes with recommendations for further research on improving blast resistance of structures.
Brick masonry houses are very vulnerable to damage during earthquakes because their walls can easily topple over from horizontal shaking. To improve seismic performance, all walls must be connected together like a box using techniques like interlocking masonry and horizontal bands. This allows walls to support each other. Walls also need to be tied to the roof and foundation. Additionally, walls should be sturdy enough to resist horizontal forces by limiting their height-to-thickness and length-to-thickness ratios. The choice of bricks and mortar also significantly impacts earthquake resistance, with clay bricks and cement mortar providing better bonding than weaker materials.
Effect of steel bracing on vertically irregular r.c.c building frames under s...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Earthquakes are one of the most life threatening, environmental hazardous and destructive natural phenomenons that causes
shaking of ground. This result in damage to the structures, hence we need to design the buildings to withstand these earthquakes
which may occur at least once in the life time of the structure. Structures possess less stiffness and strength in case of irregular
configured frames; to enhance this, lateral load resisting systems are introduced into the frames. In this study, G+5 storey
building model has been analyzed considering different types of vertical geometric irregularities and steel bracings using
pushover analysis with the help of ETABS 9.7 software. Addition of X type brace, V type Brace and Inverted V/K type brace shows
that use of X-type of bracing is found more suitable to enhance the performance of the irregular buildings.
Key Words: pushover analysis, vertical irregularity, steel bracings, performance point.
Loads considered while designing a building according to Indian standarsSrinivasRowthu
This PPT includes the loads that are considering while designing a building according to Indian standards and the codes to be followed and with a neat images
This document discusses how to make buildings more ductile and earthquake resistant through proper construction materials and design. It explains that masonry and concrete are brittle materials that fail suddenly, while steel is ductile and can undergo large deformation before failure. Reinforced concrete uses steel reinforcement to make concrete more ductile. For seismic resistance, buildings should be designed like a ductile chain, making weaker members like beams fail through ductile yielding before stronger columns. This requires special seismic design codes to ensure adequate ductility in vulnerable members. Strict quality control is also needed during construction to guarantee ductile behavior.
research project for civil engineering studentsshivam96913245
modification of bitumen for flexible pavements.
in this project i brought a new idea and technique for making pavements more stronger than before,this idea of using waste rubber and plastic was never used before.
it was a special project which i choose during b.tech programme and was 100% sucessful.
- The document discusses the resistance of fly ash-based and slag-based geopolymer concrete to sulfate and acid attack.
- Specimens of both geopolymer concretes and ordinary Portland cement concrete were subjected to 5% sodium sulfate and 5% sulfuric acid solutions.
- Test results found that both types of geopolymer concrete underwent very little change in compressive strength under acid and sulfate attack, suggesting their durability is much superior to ordinary cement concrete in these environments.
The document is a project report on developing a "Smart Fraction Collector" submitted by 5 students. It summarizes that currently fraction collectors for chromatography rely on drop counting or flow rates to fill test tubes, which can cause overflow issues. The new smart fraction collector uses liquid level sensors to detect the liquid level in each test tube as it fills to prevent overflow. It is also more cost effective, costing 50% less than commercial fraction collectors while using modern components like an Arduino board. A list of components and their costs is provided, with the total cost of the new smart fraction collector being Rs. 3240, much lower than common commercial models that range in price from Rs. 45,000 to Rs. 62,880.
This document provides an overview of cracks in structures and their causes. It discusses different types of cracks such as structural cracks and non-structural cracks. Structural cracks are further classified as flexural cracks and shear cracks. The main causes of cracks identified are moisture changes, developing tension stresses due to shrinkage, thermal variations, and elastic deformation. The document emphasizes the importance of properly evaluating cracks to identify their type, location, and cause in order to assess the structural integrity and stability of the building.
Major projects aluminium of formwork civil engineeringGopal jakhar
The document is a project report on aluminium formwork submitted by Gopal Jakhar to his professor Ambesh Ratnu. It discusses the necessity of aluminium formwork systems for mass housing construction in India, where it can maintain quality and speed at a high level. Key features include its reuseability, lightweight panels that require minimal equipment, and ability to form load-bearing walls and other building components faster than traditional construction methods.
The document describes the development of an Android and web application for disaster risk management through crowdsourcing in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. The authors developed a database to store user and report information, backend servers to manage data submission and retrieval, and both a website and Android app as frontends. The Android app allows users to submit reports, view maps and other reports, and call for emergency services. The website provides similar features and an admin interface to manage the system. The system aims to improve disaster response by facilitating information sharing between the public and emergency services.
Final report design of a pedestrian bridge - fall 2009Sanamau Waitogu
This document is the final report for a senior design project to design a pedestrian bridge between the University of Toledo's main campus and engineering campus. It summarizes the constraints of the project site, which include high voltage power lines, nearby railroad tracks, and poor soil conditions. It then describes site visits where traffic and pedestrian counts were collected. Two potential bridge designs are recommended to safely transport pedestrians across Douglas Road between the campuses.
The document discusses various types of building construction defects such as fungal stains, erosion of mortar joints, peeling paint, defective plastered renderings, cracking walls, decayed floorboards, insect attacks, roof defects, dampness penetration, unstable foundations, and poor installation of air conditioning units. It provides details on the causes and symptoms of each type of defect.
The document is a seminar report on smart materials submitted for a master's degree. It defines smart materials as materials that can change properties in response to external stimuli like stress, temperature, or electric/magnetic fields. The report discusses various types of smart materials like piezoelectric materials, shape memory alloys, and magnetorheological fluids. It provides examples of their properties and applications in fields like civil engineering and automobiles. In conclusion, the report examines smart materials' advantages in reducing costs and improving performance, as well as limitations like expense and sensitivity during use.
Our project is the complete study about both Spot speed studies and Speed delay time survey. This topic is a part of Transportation Engineering. This report helps you to understand this topic in detail. This report will also help you to make project on associated topics in traffic engineering. In spot speed, We discussed regarding various methods available to perform the test, Our team practically performed test and established a speed limit zone near a school. Coming to speed delay time survey, we conducted a survey at a selected stretch and came out with solutions to the problems faced by the vehicle users using that stretch.
The document discusses stress and strain in engineering structures. It defines load, stress, strain and different types of each. Stress is the internal resisting force per unit area within a loaded component. Strain is the ratio of dimensional change to original dimension of a loaded body. Loads can be tensile, compressive or shear. Hooke's law states stress is proportional to strain within the elastic limit. The elastic modulus defines this proportionality. A tensile test measures the stress-strain curve, identifying elastic limit and other failure points. Multi-axial stress-strain relationships follow Poisson's ratio definitions.
Bacteria-based self-healing concrete uses dormant calcium-precipitating bacteria encapsulated during mixing. When cracks form and water enters, the bacteria activate, metabolize nutrients, and precipitate calcium carbonate to seal cracks. Testing shows bacterial concrete has higher strength and crack-healing ability compared to normal concrete. While increasing durability, applications in construction could lower costs and improve sustainability over time. Further research is still needed to optimize the technology for practical and economic feasibility at scale.
The document provides guidelines for repair and rehabilitation of existing reinforced concrete buildings. It discusses causes of concrete deterioration like permeability, aggressive agents, and condition surveys. Non-destructive tests are recommended to evaluate concrete quality, cracking, and corrosion. The approach involves identifying deterioration causes, assessing damage extent, and selecting appropriate repair materials and methods to rehabilitate structures in a systematic and cost-effective manner.
Water treatment involves many processes to purify water for human use and consumption. Preliminary treatment includes screening to remove large debris, presedimentation to settle out sand and grit, and aeration to remove gases like carbon dioxide. The main processes are coagulation/flocculation to combine particles, sedimentation to settle the floc, filtration, and disinfection. Aeration is used to remove gases that cause odor, taste, or corrosion issues from the water supply.
“Comparative Analysis of Blast Load on Multi Storey R.C.C. Building at Differ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzes the effects of blast loads on multi-story reinforced concrete (RCC) buildings using computer modeling. 32 different blast load cases are modeled using ETABS software, varying the standoff distance (20m and 30m), TNT charge weight (50-300kg), and location of the blast (external walls and internal columns). The response of the building models under blast loading is examined through time history analysis, evaluating story displacement, drift, and shear. The goal is to better understand how RCC buildings respond structurally to blast loads at different locations and intensities.
Comparative Study of Response of Structures Subjected To Blast and Earthquake...IJERA Editor
The increase in the number of terrorist attacks especially in the last few years has shown that the effect of blast
load on building is a serious challenge that should be taken in to consideration for designing of structures. This
type of loading damages the structures, externally as well as internally. Hence the blast load should be
considered with same importance as earthquake load. The present study includes the comparative performance
of G+3 storey building subjected to blast and earthquake loading using ETABS. For four storey building using
different input parameters like charge explosive, stand-off distance and layout of building the blast pressure are
conducted and linear time history analysis is carried out. Comparative study for blast and earthquake loading is
carried out for different parameters like maximum storey displacement, storey drift and quantity of materials.
Safe charge explosive and safe stand-off distance are obtained for the RCC structure with the sections of
structural elements same as per the requirement for earthquake resistance. Displacement is higher for the blast
loading as compared to earthquake loading and very high for the storey at which blast load is applied. Quantity
of concrete is 40 percentages higher for blast resistant building than the earthquake resistant building.
REVIEW STUDY ON IMPACT OF BLAST LOAD ON R.C.C. BUILDINGIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that reviewed literature on the impact of blast loads on reinforced concrete (RCC) buildings. The objectives of the study were to understand blast phenomena and their effects on structures, assess structural vulnerability to blast loads, and recommend design improvements. The methodology involved using software to model an RCC building and apply blast loads calculated from various charge weights and standoff distances. Results showed that increasing column and beam sizes, adding shear walls or steel bracing, improved blast resistance by reducing story displacements and drifts. Further research opportunities included studying material behavior under high strain rates from blasts and developing more economical and effective blast-resistant design methods.
IRJET- Analytical Study of Steel Buildings with Different Geometric Configura...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the effects of blast loads on steel frame buildings with different geometric configurations and bracing systems. Three building designs are modeled - a square plan with rectangular elevation, square plan with pyramidal elevation, and trapezoidal plan. The buildings are analyzed using ANSYS software under different explosive charge weights. Joint loads are calculated based on the tributary area method. Different bracing systems (X, K, and V-braces) are also analyzed to assess their effectiveness in resisting blast loads. The results are compared to determine which building configuration and bracing system is most efficient at resisting blast loads.
Behavior of RCC Structural Members for Blast Analysis: A ReviewIJERA Editor
In today’s scenario threat of enemies and terrorist attack is increasing. Therefore consideration of blast load in analysis and design is essential. A bomb explosion within or nearby outside the building can cause catastrophic failure of building. Blast loads have, in the recent past, become important service loads for certain categories of structure. An important task in blast resistance design is to make a realistic prediction of blast pressure. The distance of explosion from the structure is an important datum, governing the magnitude and duration of blast loads. In the present study, the RCC frame was analyzed by using conventional code for gravity loads using moment resisting frame. The blast load was calculated using UFC-340-02 (2008) or IS 4991-1968 for 500 kg and 100 Kg TNT at standoff distance of 10m and 30m from face of column at first floor level. The triangular impulse was applied as nodal time history at all front face joints. The analysis was performed using Computer aided software. The response of structure of will be evaluated under various blast scenarios. The response will be checked for safety of the structure on many parameters like displacement, acceleration and velocity.
Behavior of RCC Structural Members for Blast Analysis: A Review IJERA Editor
This document reviews research on analyzing the behavior of reinforced concrete structural members under blast loading. It summarizes 18 previous studies that used computer modeling to simulate blast loads on different structural elements like frames, beams, columns, and slabs. The studies analyzed parameters like displacement, acceleration, velocity and failure modes under varying charge amounts and distances. Different modeling techniques and software like SAP2000, StaadPro, ANSYS and LS-DYNA were used. The review concludes that accurate simulation of blast loads and understanding how different structural components respond is important for assessing blast resistance of structures.
IRJET- Effects of Different Reinforcement Schemes and Column Shapes on the Re...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a numerical study that investigated the effects of different reinforcement schemes and column shapes on the blast resistance of reinforced concrete columns. The study used finite element analysis to model RC columns with varying transverse reinforcement spacing, axial load levels, column shapes, and longitudinal reinforcement arrangements. The results showed that transverse reinforcement spacing, axial loading, and column shape significantly affected the behavior of RC columns under blast loading, with more closely spaced transverse reinforcement and circular columns displaying higher blast resistance. The longitudinal reinforcement arrangement also influenced column response to blast loading at low scaled distances. The study aims to improve understanding of RC column behavior under blast loading to inform more blast-resistant design.
Progressive collapse analysis in rc structure due to 150513181706pradip patel
Now in the recent time of terrorism, structural engineers require new consideration of terrorist attack in the design standards. Modern day structures pose a unique challenge to designers due to increased terrorist activities. Bomb blasts, vehicular attacks, Arson, Armed based attack all may result into a partial or total collapse of buildings. The work undertaken is an attempt to recognize the behaviour of RC structure under series blast loading. A model of G+4 RC structures has been considered as a progressive collapse analysis. The RC building with effect of series blast loading is analysed by using linear static and dynamic analysis. The present study work will carry out the effective study of different parameters like; different types of explosive charges (5T-5T, 7.5T-7.5T, 10T-10T TNT) at 10 mt. stand-off distance, failure of structure element at storey level and the structure is checked for progressive collapse by using commonly available, widely used software SAP 2000 will utilize for analysis
IRJET- Response of a Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Structure with and w...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study that analyzed the response of a rectangular reinforced concrete structure with and without shear walls under blast loads. Finite element models of a building frame with and without shear walls were created in SAP2000 software and subjected to blast loads. Parameters like displacement, member forces, and story drift were compared between the bare frame model and frame-shear wall model. The results showed that integrating shear walls improved the structure's performance under blast loads by reducing displacements and member forces.
A Review On Behavior Of Tall Structure Under Blast LoadingIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on modeling the behavior of tall buildings under blast loading. It describes how an 11-story building model was analyzed using ETABS software at different charge weights (100kg and 200kg) and standoff distances (20m and 40m). The response of the building in terms of story displacement and drift was examined. Four additional structural models using different systems were also analyzed and compared to identify the most blast resistant system. Previous research studies on blast loading and structural behavior are summarized, showing increased charge weight and decreased standoff distance significantly impact structures. Graphs demonstrate increased story drift with higher charge weights but decreased drift with greater standoff distances. Irregular buildings are most vulnerable with the highest inter-story drift values
IRJET- A Review on “Analysis, design and study of behavior of RC Structur...IRJET Journal
This document reviews research on analyzing and designing reinforced concrete structures to withstand blast loads of various intensities. It discusses how blast loads generate pressure waves that can damage structures and cause loss of life. The study aims to understand blast wave parameters like overpressure for different explosive charge amounts and distances. It also looks at how blast loads affect structures differently based on factors like surface bursts versus air bursts. The goal is to minimize damage to structures and occupants from explosive events.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
EFFECT OF SEISMIC LOAD ON REINFORCED CONCRETE MULTISTORY BUILDING FROM ECONOM...IAEME Publication
This paper aims at studying the effect of earthquake loading on the constructional
design of a 20-storey reinforced concrete residential building from economical point
of view. This type of loading should be taken into considerations now in Iraq
especially after the earthquake of 7.3 magnitude that occurred in November 2017 near
the city of Halabja by about 31 kilometers. The same reinforced concrete multistory
building was designed twice; once with traditional gravity dead and live loading and
the second with adding earthquake loading in order to discuss the difference from
structural and economical points of view. A commercial package ETABS2018 was
used to analyze this 60-meter-high building. The building was analyzed according to
the American code ASCE7-10, while it was designed according to ACI 318-14. A huge
increase in the steel reinforcement amounts in columns, beams, slabs and shear walls
were recorded due to taking the seismic load into considerations. More specifically,
the reinforcing steel amounts increased by about 327%, 165%, 40% and 91.3% for
columns, beams, slabs and shear walls, respectively. Therefore, cost was raised by
about 328%, 165%, 40% and 91.3% for columns, beams, slabs and shear walls,
respectively. It is worth to mention here that the maximum increase in main
reinforcement of beams was observed on the storey 10. Whereas, in slabs, the
maximum increase that was recorded in main steel reinforcement was happened from
the storey 8 to the building top. In columns, the main reinforcement increase was seen
on the 9th, 10th and 11th storeys. Finally, in shear walls, the main reinforcement
increase was seen in the 1
st
, 2
nd
and 3
rd
storey due to effect lateral shear forces
1) The document studies blast wave parameters over the facade of high-rise buildings using the US Army Technical Manual 5-1300. It analyzes incident and reflected pressures, arrival time, and positive phase time duration over a 13-story reinforced concrete building for different TNT charge weights (1000kg and 4000kg) and distances (10m and 40m).
2) Graphs show that for lower charge weights and distances, pressure variation is less over upper floors but more over lower floors. For high charge weights and shorter distances, pressure variation is more uniform but magnitude depends on charge weight and distance.
3) For longer distances, pressure is nearly uniform regardless of charge weight because distance is the predominant factor over angle
Performance Levels of RC Structures by Non-Linear Pushover AnalysisIJERA Editor
In the recent earthquakes in which many concrete structures have been severely damaged or collapsed, have indicated the need for evaluating the seismic adequacy of existing buildings. About 60% of the land area of our country is susceptible to damaging levels of seismic hazard. We can’t avoid future earthquakes, but preparedness and safe building construction practices can certainly reduce the extent of damage and loss. In order to strengthen and resist the buildings for future earthquakes, the behavior of a building during earthquakes depends critically on its overall shape, size and geometry. The nonlinear pushover analysis is becoming a popular tool for seismic performance evaluation of existing and new structures. The weak zones in the structure can be examined by conducting this push over analysis and then it will be decided whether the particular part is to be retrofitted or rehabilitated according to the requirement. This method determines the base shear capacity of the building and performance levels of each part of building under varying intensity of seismic force. The results of effects of different plan on seismic response of buildings have been presented in terms of displacement, base shear and plastic hinge pattern
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
This document summarizes a study that used pushover analysis to predict seismic damage in a six-story reinforced concrete building. Pushover analysis was used to generate base shear-displacement curves and determine performance levels of immediate occupancy, life safety, and collapse prevention. The analysis found that under moderate shaking, the building would experience immediate occupancy level damage with minor plastic hinging in beams and columns. Under strong shaking, the building reached the life safety level with more extensive plastic hinging throughout the structure. The study demonstrated how pushover analysis can evaluate seismic performance and estimate damage levels in reinforced concrete buildings.
Effect of Seismic Joint in the Performance of Multi-Storeyed L-Shaped BuildingIOSR Journals
The choices of building shapes and structural systems have significant effect on their seismic performance. While symmetrical buildings result in a fairly uniform distribution of seismic forces throughout its components. Unsymmetrical buildings result in highly indeterminate distribution of forces making the analysis and prediction more complicated. L-shaped buildings are among those unsymmetrical structures which are most commonly found in practice in the form of school, office, commercial buildings. In this work three dimensional models of L-shaped buildings are investigated for their seismic performance, varying bay length and storey height. These models were analysed for three conditions viz with gap, with seismic joint and with neither of these. The modeling of structures analysis is carried out using STAAD Pro V8i, also the performance is analysed providing brick infill and compared with, without infill condition. Performances is measured in terms of displacements, axial forces, bending moments, shear forces and compared for those conditions mentioned in the identified column viz., corner, intermediate and interior
This document discusses the analysis of a reinforced concrete (RC) multi-story commercial building in different seismic zones (II, III, IV, and V) in India using the ETABS software. The objectives are to study the behavior of the building when subjected to earthquake loads and to compare the analysis results across different seismic zones. A 20-story building model with constant floor height of 3m is analyzed. The effects of varying the seismic zone factor on the building's seismic performance are interpreted from the results.
Comparative Study on Dynamic Analysis of Irregular Building with Shear WallsEditor IJCATR
South East Asia including Myanmar is situated in secondary seismic belt. Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention of the
effect of earthquake in designing the high-rise building. Shear walls are very common in high rise reinforced concrete building. In this study,
comparative analysis of high-rise reinforced concrete irregular building with shear walls are present. The frame type of proposed building is
used the special RC moment resisting frame. It belongs to seismic zone 4. This is why, seismic forces are essentially considered in the analysis
of this building and shear walls are also provided to resist seismic forces. Structural members are designed according to ACI Code 318-02. The
structure is analysed by using ETABS v 9.7.1 software. Load consideration is based on UBC-97. All necessary load combinations are
considered in shear walls analysis and frame analysis. In addition wind load, seismic load is considered as external lateral load in the dynamic
analysis. In dynamic analysis; Response Spectrum method is used. In this project, study of 14 storey building is presented with some
investigation which is analyzed by changing various location of shear wall for determining parameters like storey drift, storey shear and storey
moment .
ANALYSIS OF G+6 STORY STEEL STRUCTURE UNDER BLASTING EFFECTIRJET Journal
This document discusses the analysis of a G+6 story steel structure under blasting effects. It begins with an abstract that outlines studying the progressive collapse of multi-story buildings subjected to blast loading using the Alternative Path Method and modeling direct blast loading at various locations. It then provides definitions of relevant blast and structural terms. The objectives are to analyze how a steel building responds dynamically to blast loads, investigate progressive collapse mechanisms, and provide protective measures. Literature on previous research is reviewed along with identifying the research gap in investigating blast effects at various locations simultaneously. Methods for calculating blast loads based on Indian standards are outlined. The document provides classifications of blast types and categories.
Similar to Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Beams under Different Kinds of Blast Loading (20)
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Transparent aluminum, also known as aluminum oxynitride, is a man-made transparent ceramic material. It is manufactured through a powder processing technique that involves packing aluminum oxynitride powder into a mold, pressing it, and heating it to fuse it together. The resulting material is crystal clear, extremely hard, durable, and able to transmit light similarly to glass. It has a variety of potential military and commercial applications due to its optical clarity and ballistic resistance.
BEHAVIOR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS UNDER DIFFERENT KINDS OF BLAST LOADINGMD ASIF AKBARI
This document discusses the behavior of reinforced concrete beams under different types of blast loading and their analysis. It introduces the topic, outlines various blast loading types including air burst and surface burst. It also describes the principles of blast resistant design and different modeling approaches, concluding that nonlinear analysis agrees with finite element models for evaluating beam column behavior under blast loads.
Zero energy buildings economical and environmental aspectsMD ASIF AKBARI
The document discusses zero energy buildings and renewable energy sources. It defines a zero energy building as one that generates as much energy through renewable sources as it consumes from the grid. It notes that solar and wind energy will be the major contributors for zero energy buildings due to their widespread availability. While biogas can also be used, it requires large quantities of waste and is not feasible everywhere. Geothermal energy has great potential but more research is still needed to fully tap into its capacity. The document concludes that solar and wind will be the primary renewable sources for powering zero energy buildings.
This document compares the economic and environmental viability of biodiesel and geothermal energy. It provides definitions and descriptions of biodiesel production through transesterification of vegetable oils. Benefits of biodiesel include its similarity to petroleum diesel, while being environmentally friendly and biodegradable. Geothermal energy utilizes heat from the Earth's core to produce steam and is a renewable source with low emissions and costs compared to fossil fuels. However, geothermal requires suitable geological conditions and infrastructure investment.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Building RAG with self-deployed Milvus vector database and Snowpark Container...Zilliz
This talk will give hands-on advice on building RAG applications with an open-source Milvus database deployed as a docker container. We will also introduce the integration of Milvus with Snowpark Container Services.
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
20 Comprehensive Checklist of Designing and Developing a WebsitePixlogix Infotech
Dive into the world of Website Designing and Developing with Pixlogix! Looking to create a stunning online presence? Look no further! Our comprehensive checklist covers everything you need to know to craft a website that stands out. From user-friendly design to seamless functionality, we've got you covered. Don't miss out on this invaluable resource! Check out our checklist now at Pixlogix and start your journey towards a captivating online presence today.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
2. Aditya Kumar Singh et al14
the bomb and major part of the energy is transmitted as a shock wave through the
surrounding air at a supersonic velocity [1]. Thepressure due to blast entering the
building can cause bodily harm to occupants and source of extensive property damage.
The propagation of blast energy in all directionscause extensive damage to both the
objectstructure and nearby buildings. The design and construction of buildings which
resist these kinds of explosions started during World War II in response to air attacks,
continued through the cold war and more recently this concern has grown with the
increase of terrorism worldwide [2]. Today the modern explosive devices are being
used in majority of terrorist attacks because of the ease of access of information on the
constructionof bomb devices, relative ease of manufacturing, mobilityand portability,
coupled with significant property damage andinjuries. No one can deny the strength
ofthese attacks after 09/11 World Trade Centre bombing. The terrorist activity has
increased and the present tendency suggests that it will be even larger in the future.
The fact is that many of the government buildings, civilian buildings, embassy
buildings and bridgesare at risk to terrorist attacks.That’s why the issue of protecting
infrastructure against multiple extreme events is gaining importance in civil
engineering. Research into methods for protecting buildings against such bomb attacks
is required.
1.1 Analysis of structure
For the understanding of blast loading first we must have good understanding of the
structural characteristics of beams and its behavior under common loading condition.
The beam consists of reinforcement and concrete which has their specific
characteristics under loading. In general reinforcement shows the behavior which is
shown in figure 1 under stress, but the solution using such curve involves complex
equation, answer to those are cumbersome in nature. Hence for simplicity we use an
ideal curve which is shown in figure 2 and it is quite easier to solve. And the tensile
strength of concrete is neglected.
Figure 1: Stress-strain curve of concrete in reality.
3. Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Beams under Different Kinds of Blast Loading 15
Figure 2: Stress-strain curve of mild steel adopted for simplicity.
At the same time the reinforcement bar shows the different type of curve when
stress is applied and the uniaxial behavior of reinforcing steel – both in tension and in
compression – is approximated by an elastic – perfectly plastic diagram as shown in
figure 3.Let’s take a doubly reinforced beam as shown in figure 3,
Figure 3: Sketch of cross section of doubly reinforced beam with its
stress and strain diagram.
The analysis of concrete beam is based of the Euler–Bernoulli’s theory, according
to which the plane section normal to the axis of bending remain plane after bending.
The maximum strain in concrete at the outermost edge is taken as .0035 in bending and
the relationship between the compressive stress distribution and the strain in concrete
is assumed as per the sets of result e.g. rectangular, parabola [3].Andit is assumed that
as soon as the stress in the tensile reinforcement σs equals the yield strength fyk, the
yield state of the beam is reached.
2. Analysis of Blast Loading
The following steps are commonly followed in this practice: the determination of the
threat, development of the design loadings for the determined threat, analysis of the
behavior and selection of structural systems, the design of structural components, and
4. Aditya Kumar Singh et al16
the retrofitting of existing structures [4]. The blast loading is commonly divided into
two categories namely air burst and surface burst.
2. 1 Air Brust
When an explosion occurs nearby to and above a building structure such that no
amplification of the initial shock wave occurs between the explosive charge and the
structure, then the blast is called free air blast.
Figure 4: Air brust near a building.
The observed characteristics of air blast waves are found to be affected by the
physical properties of the explosion source.
At the arrival time tA, following the explosion, pressure at that position suddenly
increases to a peak value of overpressure, Pso, over the ambient pressure, Po. The
pressure then decays to ambient level at time td, then decays further to an under
pressure Pso- (creating a partial vacumn) before eventually returning to ambient
conditions at time td + td-. The quantity Psois usually referred to as the peak side-on
overpressure, incident peak overpressure or merely peak overpressure [5].
Figure 5: Blast wave propagation with time..
5. Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Beams under Different Kinds of Blast Loading 17
2 2 Surface blast
The the blast occurs very near to the ground surface the blast is considered the surface
blast. In surface blast unlike the air blast the wave combines to create the total effect of
the which is the combination of reflected wave produced after the reflection from the
ground and the initial wave which is hemispherical in shape[6].
Figure 6: Showing surface blast configuaration.
After categorizing the different blast system the following methods are adopted for
the analysis of blast loading.
The category of blast (eg. surface, air); (b) the period of response of the structure
(c) The positive phase duration of the blast.
3. Different Models
3.1 Single digree of freedom model
Figure 5: (a) SDOF system (b) Blast loading.
6. Aditya Kumar Singh et al18
The above mentioned system is called the SDOF (Single Degree of Freedom)
system It is the simplest vibratory system that can be described by a single mass
connected to a spring (and possibly a dashpot). The mass is allowed to travel only
along the spring elongation direction. The schematic diagram of SDOFis shown in the
following figure,
Figure 7: SDOF model.
This model is generally used of analysing blast loading.
3.2 Finite element model
This model is based on multi degree of freedom (MDOF) , in this model beam is
devided into finite number of elements and those elements are further subdivided into
fibre, this helps to take account into the variation along the depth of specimen. This
modeling is generally done by ABAQUS.
3.3 Non-linear dynamic analysis model:
In this method the ends of the sample are restrained against translation and rotation
which is assumed as a semi rigid joint in a frame. The rapid dynamic loading is applied
to the sample and the displacements and the ratedependent effect of effect of steel
material is observed.
4. Conclusion
As we have seen above the brief review of various blast loading phenomenon we can
analyse that the lack of relevant code is the major concern behind the ignorance of this
phenomena while designing the structure. In our review work we have found that the
various kind of loading phenomena the non- linear analysis of beam column agrees
satisfactorily with the finite element model as analyzed on ABAQUS. The above
discussed methods has the competence and can be used in structural analysis and
design where the progressive collapse is important.
Reference
[1] Jun Wei, Mahesh S. Shetty, Lokeswarappa R. Dharani, Failure analysis of
architectural glazing subjected to blast loading, Engineering Failure Analysis
13 (2006) 1029–1043
7. Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Beams under Different Kinds of Blast Loading 19
[2] B.M. Luccionia,b,∗, R.D. Ambrosinia,c, R.F. Danesi, Analysis of building
collapse under blast loads, Engineering Structures 26 (2004) 63–71
[3] Rccramamrutham
[4] Remennikov, AM, A Review of Methods for Predicting Bomb Blast Effects
on Buildings, Journal of Battlefield Technology, 2003, 6(3) 5-10. Published
by Argos Press Pty Ltd.
[5] T. Ngo, P. Mendis, A. Gupta & J. Ramsay The University of Melbourne,
Australia
[6] Reza Nateghi, Prediction of ground vibration level induced by blasting at
different rock units, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining
Sciences, Volume 48, Issue 6, September 2011, Pages 899–908
[7] A. Heidarpour , M.A. Bradford, Beam–column element for non-linear
dynamic analysis of steel members subjected to blast loading.