It is used as a mould for a structure in which fresh concrete is poured only to harden subsequently.
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It is used as a mould for a structure in which fresh concrete is poured only to harden subsequently.
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beam formwork
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information on types of beams, different methods to calculate beam stress, design for shear, analysis for SRB flexure, design for flexure, Design procedure for doubly reinforced beam,
Design of Reinforced Concrete Structure (IS 456:2000)MachenLink
This is the 1st Lecture Series on Design Reinforced Cement Concrete (IS 456 -2000).
In this video, you will learn about the objective of structural designing and then basic properties of concrete and steel.
Concrete properties like...
1. Grade of Concrete
2. Modulus of Elasticity
3. Characteristic Strength
4. Tensile Strength
5. Creep and Shrinkage
6. Durability
Reinforced Steel Properties....
1. Grade and types of steel
2. Yield Strength of Mild Steel and HYSD Bars
Principal of planning is basic need for planning of any type of building. It gives basic understanding for planning any type of building or building component.
information on types of beams, different methods to calculate beam stress, design for shear, analysis for SRB flexure, design for flexure, Design procedure for doubly reinforced beam,
Design of Reinforced Concrete Structure (IS 456:2000)MachenLink
This is the 1st Lecture Series on Design Reinforced Cement Concrete (IS 456 -2000).
In this video, you will learn about the objective of structural designing and then basic properties of concrete and steel.
Concrete properties like...
1. Grade of Concrete
2. Modulus of Elasticity
3. Characteristic Strength
4. Tensile Strength
5. Creep and Shrinkage
6. Durability
Reinforced Steel Properties....
1. Grade and types of steel
2. Yield Strength of Mild Steel and HYSD Bars
Principal of planning is basic need for planning of any type of building. It gives basic understanding for planning any type of building or building component.
Basic points on earthquake resistant building
- Design considerations and different techniques employed to resist building from collapse during earthquake
Study Effective of Wind Load on Behavior of ShearWall in Frame StructureIJERA Editor
Wind load is really the result of wind pressures acting on the building surfaces during a wind event. This wind
pressure is primarily a function of the wind speed because the pressure or load increases with the square of the
wind velocity.Structural walls, or shear walls, are elements used to resist lateral loads, such as those generated
by wind and earthquakes. Structural walls are considerably deeper than typical beams or columns. This attribute
gives structural walls considerable in-plane stiffness which makes structural walls a natural choice for resisting
lateral loads. In addition to considerable strength, structural walls can dissipate a great deal of energy if detailed
properly. Walls are an invaluable structural element when protecting buildings from seismic events. Buildings
often rely on structural walls as the main lateral force resisting system. Shear walls are required to perform in
multiple ways. Shear walls can then be designed to limit building damage to the specified degree. The loaddeformation
response of the structural walls must be accurately predicted and related to structural damage in
order to achieve these performance goals under loading events of various magnitudes. The applied load is
generally transferred to the wall by a diaphragm or collector or drag member. The performance of the framed
buildings depends on the structural system adopted for the structure The term structural system or structural
frame in structural engineering refers to load-resisting sub-system of a structure. The structural system
transfers loads through interconnected structural components or members. These structural systems need to be
chosen based on its height and loads and need to be carried out, etc. The selection of appropriate structural
systems for building must satisfy both strength and stiffness requirements. The structural system must be
adequate to resist lateral and gravity loads that cause horizontal shear deformation and overturning deformation.
The efficiency of a structural system is measured in terms of their ability to resist lateral load, which increases
with the height of the frame. A building can be considered as tall when the effect of lateral loads is reflected in
the design. Lateral deflections of framed buildings should be limited to prevent damage to both structural and
nonstructural elements. In the present study, the structural performance of the framed building with shear wall
will be analysis.
Study on Effect of Wind Load and Earthquake Load on Multi-storey RC Framed Bu...IJSRD
Now a day the increase in the construction of tall buildings, residential and commercial sector, and the new trend are towards taller and slender structures. Though the effect of wind and earthquake, forces becoming important for every structural designer to know. Every engineer is facing with the problem of providing stability, strength for loads like lateral loads. That’s the reason wind as well as earthquake loading have become the influential factors in tall buildings. Loads that are lateral loads play important role for drift. The drift must be taken into consideration for tall structure. The above mentioned are some of the key issues which affect the behavior of structure and economy of the building. This thesis focuses the effects of lateral loads on medium and tall buildings the storey forces, displacements, storey shear, story drift every part of are analyzed on every level of height on the building, Indian codal provision gives us the basic wind speed at 10m height for some important cities/towns. However it does not provide for all the cities in India. In the following work attempt is made to find the effect of lateral loads i.e. wind load and earth quake loads for various models having shear walls and without shear wall. For the study a symmetrical building plan is used with 16 storeys and 31 storeys are analyzed and designed by using structure analysis software tool ETABS-2013. The study also includes the determination of base shear, displacement, storey drift, storey forces and the results are compared with them. These parameters have also considers the effect of shear wall. In order to design a structure to resist wind and earthquake loads, the forces on the structure must be specified.
Planning of Sustainable Development Module 2zameer1979
Planning of Sustainable Development
Strategies for promoting sustainable development, resistances to the concept, and some alternative approaches. Examine some important current issues and areas of debate in relation to sustainable development.
Planning of Sustainable Development -Module 1zameer1979
Sustainable Development-explains and critically evaluates the concept of sustainable development, Environmental degradation and poverty Sustainable development: its main principles, the evolution of ideas about sustainability,
Strategies for promoting sustainable development, resistance to the concept, some alternative approaches, examine some important current issues and areas of debate in relation to sustainable development.
This lecture covered Module 1 of course CVE1-405 Planning for Sustainable Development of Second year B. Tech Civil Engineering affiliated to Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere, Raigad, Maharashtra- India.
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Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
2. The loads are broadly classified as;
1. Vertical loads,
2. Horizontal loads, and
3. Longitudinal loads.
The vertical loads consist of dead load, live load and impact load.
The horizontal loads comprises of wind load and earthquake
load.
The longitudinal loads i.e. tractive and braking forces are
considered in special case of design of bridges, gantry girders etc.
Classification of Loads
3. Structural loads
A load may be defined as a force tending to effect and produce
deformations, stresses or displacements in the structure
Compression
Tension
Shear
4. Types of Loads in Structures
1. Dead loads
2. Live loads
3. Dynamic loads
4. Wind loads
5. Earthquake loads
6. Snow loads
5. Dead load
Dead loads are permanent or stationary loads which are transferred to
structure throughout the life span. Dead load is primarily due to self
weight of structural members, permanent partition walls, fixed
permanent equipment's and weight of different materials.
6. Imposed loads or live loads
Live loads are either movable or
moving loads with out any
acceleration or impact. There are
assumed to be produced by the
intended use or occupancy of the
building including weights of
movable partitions or furniture etc.
7. Snow loads
The amount of snow load on a roof structure is dependent on a
variety of factors;
• Roof geometry,
• Size of the structure,
• Insulation of the structure,
• Wind frequency,
• Snow duration,
• Geographical location of the structure.
8. Impact loads
Impact load is caused by
vibration or impact or
acceleration. Thus, impact load
is equal to imposed load
incremented by some
percentage called impact factor
or impact allowance depending
upon the intensity of impact.
9. Earthquake load (Seismic load)
Earthquake loads are horizontal loads caused by the earthquake and
shall be computed in accordance with IS 1893. For monolithic
reinforced concrete structures located in the seismic zone 2, and 3
without more than 5 storey high and importance factor less than 1,
the seismic forces are not critical.
10. Wind loads
Wind load is primarily horizontal load caused by the movement of air
relative to earth. Wind load is required to be considered in design
especially when the heath of the building exceeds two times the
dimensions transverse to the exposed wind surface.
11. Wind loads
The amount of wind load is dependent on the following;
• Geographical location
• The height of structure
• Type of surrounding physical environment
• The shape of structure
• Size of the building