This document provides an overview of wide area networks (WANs) including what they are, how they have evolved, common connection technologies and options. A WAN connects devices over a broader geographic area than a local area network (LAN) using carriers. As networks grow, hierarchical designs must also grow to aggregate WAN traffic and provide scalability, availability and user access. Common WAN connection technologies include dedicated leased lines, circuit-switched options like ISDN, and packet-switched options like Frame Relay, ATM, DSL, cable broadband and wireless. Virtual private networks (VPNs) provide secure, encrypted connections between private networks over public networks like the Internet.
Enterprise or campus networks are usually large in size and are difficult to manage. Network administrators are required to frequently perform deliberate changes according to the organizational needs. VLANs are broadly used in enterprise or campus networks to improve scalability, flexibility, ease of management, and to reduce broadcast. Therefore it’s providing layer_2 security as it limits the number of the broadcast domains. Nowadays in this fast-growing industrial age, every company needs the speed of data transfer from one network to another network in manufacturing to cope up with the customer’s requirements. The basic objective of our project is to develop a versatile and low-cost INTER-VLAN-ROUTING which can be utilized in any industry or campus to eliminate this problem. INTER VLAN increases the performance of the network by providing flexibility to the users to log in to any network within the same group without changing their IP address. This also reduces complexity and it also cost-effective
Multi port network ethernet performance improvement techniquesIJARIIT
An Ethernet has its own importance and space in network subsystem. In today’s resource-intensive engineering the
applications need to deal with the real-time data processing, server virtualization, and high-volume data transactions. The realtime
technologies such as video on demand and Voice over IP operations demand the network devices with efficient network
data processing as well as better networking bandwidth. The performance is the major issues with the multi-port network
devices. It requires the sufficient network bandwidth and CPU processing speed to process the real-time data at the context.
And this demand is goes on increasing. The new multi-port hardware technologies can help to improvements in the
performance of the virtualized server environments. But, these hardware technologies having their own limitations in terms of
CPU utilization levels and power consumption. It also impacts on latency and the overall system cost. This thesis will provide
the insights to some of the key configuration decisions at hardware as well as software designs in order to facilitate multi-port
network devices performance improvement over the existing infrastructure. This thesis will also discuss the solutions such as
Virtual LAN and balanced or symmetric network to reduce the cost and hardware dependency to improve the multi-port
network system performance significantly over the currently existing infrastructure. This performance improvement includes
CPU utilization and bandwidth in the heavy network loads.
Design and Evaluation of MAC Protocol Strategies Techniques in Wireless Ad Ho...ijtsrd
Wireless communication has become a core part of modern communication technology. The Infrastructure less wireless network, commonly referred to as Ad Hoc networks, has attracted extensive research interest for past 30 years. In this work, the focus is on IEEE 802.11 network performance analysis of Multihop hop Ad Hoc networks under non-saturated network conditions. To meet the increasing demand of multimedia, it is necessary to provide the quality of service in such networks. The current work presents the development of an analytical model for network performance analysis. The medium access mechanism in multihop wireless networks should minimize collisions, and take care of the hidden and exposed node problems. The IEEE 802.11 MAC with Distributed Coordination Function DCF does not scale well in such networks. We introduce Point Coordination Function PCF in the region of high traffic areas, and discuss its effect on network performance. To improve network scalability and throughput, we propose the design of a new MAC called Dual MAC. This work discusses architecture and working of the dual MAC in detail. Performance results of the network using dual MAC are presented, and compared with that of pure DCF operation. Prince Kumar | Rashmi Raj "Design and Evaluation of MAC Protocol Strategies Techniques in Wireless Ad Hoc Network" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18446.pdf
Enterprise or campus networks are usually large in size and are difficult to manage. Network administrators are required to frequently perform deliberate changes according to the organizational needs. VLANs are broadly used in enterprise or campus networks to improve scalability, flexibility, ease of management, and to reduce broadcast. Therefore it’s providing layer_2 security as it limits the number of the broadcast domains. Nowadays in this fast-growing industrial age, every company needs the speed of data transfer from one network to another network in manufacturing to cope up with the customer’s requirements. The basic objective of our project is to develop a versatile and low-cost INTER-VLAN-ROUTING which can be utilized in any industry or campus to eliminate this problem. INTER VLAN increases the performance of the network by providing flexibility to the users to log in to any network within the same group without changing their IP address. This also reduces complexity and it also cost-effective
Multi port network ethernet performance improvement techniquesIJARIIT
An Ethernet has its own importance and space in network subsystem. In today’s resource-intensive engineering the
applications need to deal with the real-time data processing, server virtualization, and high-volume data transactions. The realtime
technologies such as video on demand and Voice over IP operations demand the network devices with efficient network
data processing as well as better networking bandwidth. The performance is the major issues with the multi-port network
devices. It requires the sufficient network bandwidth and CPU processing speed to process the real-time data at the context.
And this demand is goes on increasing. The new multi-port hardware technologies can help to improvements in the
performance of the virtualized server environments. But, these hardware technologies having their own limitations in terms of
CPU utilization levels and power consumption. It also impacts on latency and the overall system cost. This thesis will provide
the insights to some of the key configuration decisions at hardware as well as software designs in order to facilitate multi-port
network devices performance improvement over the existing infrastructure. This thesis will also discuss the solutions such as
Virtual LAN and balanced or symmetric network to reduce the cost and hardware dependency to improve the multi-port
network system performance significantly over the currently existing infrastructure. This performance improvement includes
CPU utilization and bandwidth in the heavy network loads.
Design and Evaluation of MAC Protocol Strategies Techniques in Wireless Ad Ho...ijtsrd
Wireless communication has become a core part of modern communication technology. The Infrastructure less wireless network, commonly referred to as Ad Hoc networks, has attracted extensive research interest for past 30 years. In this work, the focus is on IEEE 802.11 network performance analysis of Multihop hop Ad Hoc networks under non-saturated network conditions. To meet the increasing demand of multimedia, it is necessary to provide the quality of service in such networks. The current work presents the development of an analytical model for network performance analysis. The medium access mechanism in multihop wireless networks should minimize collisions, and take care of the hidden and exposed node problems. The IEEE 802.11 MAC with Distributed Coordination Function DCF does not scale well in such networks. We introduce Point Coordination Function PCF in the region of high traffic areas, and discuss its effect on network performance. To improve network scalability and throughput, we propose the design of a new MAC called Dual MAC. This work discusses architecture and working of the dual MAC in detail. Performance results of the network using dual MAC are presented, and compared with that of pure DCF operation. Prince Kumar | Rashmi Raj "Design and Evaluation of MAC Protocol Strategies Techniques in Wireless Ad Hoc Network" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18446.pdf
Presentation outline:
P2P Basics
Architecture
Lookup in P2P
Related work in P2P Lookup Protocols
Chord Protocol
Cluster based and Routing Balanced P2P Lookup Protocol
PathFinder
LiChord
Proposed P2P Lookup Model based on RCC8 and Scalable Bloom Filter
Future work for proposed P2P lookup model
Comparatively analysis of AODV and DSR in MAC layer for Ad Hoc Environmentijsrd.com
In Wireless Adhoc Network is a group of wireless mobile nodes is an autonomous system of mobile nodes connected by wireless links. Every node operates as an end system and as a router to forward packets. In this paper mainly focused on Mac layer because this layer is most important for the data communication using control the packet loss and we worked on the comparison based performance of wimax802.16 and wireless802.11 networks using Ad hoc on- demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol and Dynamic Source Routing Protocol. In this paper we used the different maximum speed for the network. And this comparison based on unicast On-demand routing procedure and our simulation for mobile ad hoc networks discover and maintain only needed the design and follows the idea that each node by sending routing packets whenever a communication is requested and compared various parameter packet delivery ratio, normalized routing load and e-e delay. These simulations are carried out using the Network simulator version-2. The results presented in this work illustrate the importance in carefully evaluating and implementing routing protocols in an ad hoc environment.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Performance Evaluation of DSDV and MDSDV Routing Protocol with Varying Node D...IJERA Editor
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) is an important and challenging research area. The routing protocol should detect and maintain a good route between source and destination nodes in these dynamic networks. Many routing protocols have been proposed for mobile ad hoc networks, and none can be considered as the best under all conditions. This thesis work consist a systematic comparative evaluation of a new multipath routing protocol for MANETS. The new protocol, called Multipath Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (MDSDV) is based on the well known single path Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) is compared with known protocol DSDV. This work containing evaluates the protocols on a range of MANETS with between 50, 75 and 100 nodes, which are static nodes. The protocol comparison metrics are Throughput and Residual Energy.
What Is Wide Area Network (WAN): Live WAN Network Examples : NotesSubhajit Sahu
Highlighted notes while studying the Course:
Advanced Computer Networks
Article: What Is Wide Area Network (WAN): Live WAN Network Examples
By: SoftwareTestingHelp
About SoftwareTestingHelp
Helping our community since 2006! Most popular portal for Software professionals with 100 million+ visits and 300,000+ followers! You will absolutely love our tutorials on QA Testing, Development, Software Tools and Services Reviews and
more!
Presentation outline:
P2P Basics
Architecture
Lookup in P2P
Related work in P2P Lookup Protocols
Chord Protocol
Cluster based and Routing Balanced P2P Lookup Protocol
PathFinder
LiChord
Proposed P2P Lookup Model based on RCC8 and Scalable Bloom Filter
Future work for proposed P2P lookup model
Comparatively analysis of AODV and DSR in MAC layer for Ad Hoc Environmentijsrd.com
In Wireless Adhoc Network is a group of wireless mobile nodes is an autonomous system of mobile nodes connected by wireless links. Every node operates as an end system and as a router to forward packets. In this paper mainly focused on Mac layer because this layer is most important for the data communication using control the packet loss and we worked on the comparison based performance of wimax802.16 and wireless802.11 networks using Ad hoc on- demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol and Dynamic Source Routing Protocol. In this paper we used the different maximum speed for the network. And this comparison based on unicast On-demand routing procedure and our simulation for mobile ad hoc networks discover and maintain only needed the design and follows the idea that each node by sending routing packets whenever a communication is requested and compared various parameter packet delivery ratio, normalized routing load and e-e delay. These simulations are carried out using the Network simulator version-2. The results presented in this work illustrate the importance in carefully evaluating and implementing routing protocols in an ad hoc environment.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Performance Evaluation of DSDV and MDSDV Routing Protocol with Varying Node D...IJERA Editor
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) is an important and challenging research area. The routing protocol should detect and maintain a good route between source and destination nodes in these dynamic networks. Many routing protocols have been proposed for mobile ad hoc networks, and none can be considered as the best under all conditions. This thesis work consist a systematic comparative evaluation of a new multipath routing protocol for MANETS. The new protocol, called Multipath Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (MDSDV) is based on the well known single path Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) is compared with known protocol DSDV. This work containing evaluates the protocols on a range of MANETS with between 50, 75 and 100 nodes, which are static nodes. The protocol comparison metrics are Throughput and Residual Energy.
What Is Wide Area Network (WAN): Live WAN Network Examples : NotesSubhajit Sahu
Highlighted notes while studying the Course:
Advanced Computer Networks
Article: What Is Wide Area Network (WAN): Live WAN Network Examples
By: SoftwareTestingHelp
About SoftwareTestingHelp
Helping our community since 2006! Most popular portal for Software professionals with 100 million+ visits and 300,000+ followers! You will absolutely love our tutorials on QA Testing, Development, Software Tools and Services Reviews and
more!
Frame Relay is a high-performance WAN protocol that operates at the physical and data link layers of
the OSI reference model. Frame Relay originally was designed for use across Integrated Services Digital
Network (ISDN) interfaces. Today, it is used over a variety of other network interfaces as well.
Frame relay is a type of WAN connection use to connect one site to many remote sites through a single
physical circuit; this operation makes it easy to construct reliable and inexpensive networks.
1Running Head Network Design3Network DesignUn.docxeugeniadean34240
1
Running Head: Network Design
3
Network Design
University Affiliation
Course
Date
Professor
Wide Area Network Design
An enterprise network is a diverse and large network connecting most major points in a company, business or other organization. An enterprise differs from a WAN in that it is privately owned and maintained. There are a variety of WAN technologies to meet the different needs of businesses and many ways to scale the network. An enterprise must subscribe to a WAN service provider to use WAN carrier network services (Paquet, 2013).
In designing of the WAN portion of the network, the first step is to understand the specific network characteristics of the various locations from a Wide Area Network point of view and to then analyze and decide how to implement WAN connectivity at each location. The proposed WAN has specified both possible leased line as well as point to point radio connectivity between sites (Zhang, 2005). It is recommended that the wide area network connection between remote offices should be a point to point radio link. The Plant facility in one location has the capability of using satellite communications or other leased lines for this deployment. Also, for high availability it is recommended that all locations also have site to site redundant links over the Internet through the use of (virtual private network) VPN connectivity. VPN technology will enable organization to create private networks over the public Internet infrastructure that will maintain security and confidentiality. We will use VPNs to provide a virtual WAN infrastructure that connects branch offices to all or portions of their corporate network.
Different applications require varying amounts of network bandwidth the bandwidth required between these sites is dependent upon several factors that include amount of traffic (which varies depending upon the number of users connected to the network), number of hosts, number of network users, protocol being used, potential applications deployed on the network and the network design. For offices with lower bandwidth requirements the most recommended Frame Relay connection should provide no less than 768Kbps while locations with a larger bandwidth requirement will need point to point T1 connections (around 1.54Mbps). To determine which type of connection is appropriate at each location, a list of the approximate number of users and hosts at each site along with the applications they use will be we put in consideration when coming up with the equation for properly determining bandwidth requirements for the network. The required bandwidth in this case will be measured by first determining the amount of space available to transfer data. So for the T1 connections we need to divide 1.54Mbps by 8 to get the number of bytes per second available on the WAN connection. Therefore, a T1 connection will support 192 Mbps. Next, we will determine the amount of bandwidth needed for each application, which.
Secure and Service-Oriented Network Control Framework for WiMAX Networks
IEEE 802.16 supports both TDD ( time-division duplex) and FDD (frequency-division duplex)
Multihop communication is needed for deployment of wimax network. Because of multihop
Security is issues associated with wimax network
Issue is how to support different services and applications in WiMAX networks
Advanced computer network lab manual (practicals in Cisco Packet tracer)VrundaBhavsar
Book include how we can execute practical in cisco packet tracer.There are around 18 experiment covered .It contains topology also information about basic elements hub router.how we established
connection using HTTP and FTP protocols Also transferring Gmail and VOIP (Voice over IP) experiment. DHCP experiment included. How we create subnetmask.
Cloud computing and Software defined networkingsaigandham1
This is my Graduate defense presentation. I have interest in various topics like cloud computing and software defined networking. This slides includes the research of various researchers on cloud computing and SDN, presented their work as my comprehensive exam.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
22. WAN Data Link Layer Concepts Data Link layer protocols define how the data is encapsulated as well as how it is transported between sites.
23. WAN Data Link Layer Concepts A number of technologies for the transport of data exist. While the encapsulation will vary with the technology , most use the ISO HDLC standard or a modification of it.
45. Dedicated Connection Link Options - FYI Name Abbr. Size Kilo K 2 10 = 1,024 Mega M 2 20 = 1,048,576 Giga G 2 30 = 1,073,741,824 Tera T 2 40 = 1,099,511,627,776 Peta P 2 50 = 1,125,899,906,842,624 Exa E 2 60 = 1,152,921,504,606,846,976 Zetta Z 2 70 = 1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424 Yotta Y 2 80 = 1,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176
