The document discusses issues and solutions related to improving sanitation and access to clean drinking water in India. Some of the key issues discussed include lack of proper governance, financial constraints, and insufficient awareness. Two proposed solutions are outlined. The first involves establishing a waste enterprise that would harness economic value from human waste by developing businesses around waste collection, treatment, and reuse. The second focuses on ensuring access to safe drinking water at the village level through community-led solutions like protecting local sources and developing appropriate technologies. Overall, the document advocates for innovative, community-driven approaches and greater private sector involvement to address India's sanitation and clean water challenges.

1. Manthan topic :
TOWARDS CLEANER INDIA
Providing safe drinking water and proper sanitation facilities to all
One of the main causes of the poor state of health in India is due to lack of safe drinking
water and inadequate sanitation.The time consuming activity of fetching water from far off
places and falling preyto water-borne diseases have a deleteriouseffect on the educational and
economicopportunities.The proposed solution will provide an innovative approach in making
a solution towardsa cleaner India

2. Issues/ Problems
 Governance
 Financial constraints.
 Inadequate skills, capacity and absence of
sufficient functionaries at all levels-village, block
and district.
 Lack of accountability and transparency.
 People
 Insufficient representation of all
classes/communities in major policy decisions.
 Not much role or little role for all
people/community to play.
 Awareness
 Absence of relevant, usable information and
knowledge in public domain.
 Absence of school curriculum and platform to
build awareness.

3.  Lack of technical innovations
 No credible and comprehensive data/information available to community
to reduce vulnerability on climate change
 No common platform for introduction of new technologies in rural
areas.
 Absence of involvement of private sector,investments and
Other roles for promoting of such innovations.
 Failure of Schemes
 Monitoring and surveillance
 Hypothesis : The main causes of the poor state of safe drinking water and
inadequate sanitation in India are : Improper the utilization of funds &
absence of actionable policies.

4. What is a Waste Enterprise ? :
1.To reinvent the economics that dictate human-waste collection, treatment , and disposal.
2. To create new financial incentives through harnessing the resource value of human waste by conceiving, developing,
and operating waste-based businesses.
3.Includes harnessing economic value from human waste.
4.The enterprise will introduce new technologies and innovations toiletries that will improve sanitation in rural and
urban areas.
Proposed solution :
1. Involving private sectors in finance schemes for innovative futuristic plans and
profitable business.
The solution includes involving of large public and private companies to invest in a business like social enterprises
and Waste enterprise which will be profitable on both the aspects , economic and social cause.
The govt. can give tax benefits and other revenue benefits to the companies involving in such industries.
• Reuse of human
waste as fertilizers.
• As fuels.
• Biogas , biodesiel
• Without
household bills
• Govt.fundsor
finance.
• Build toilets
• Manage waste
• Supportinnovative ideas.
• Earn profits
• Providesjobs
• Tax benefits

5. Implementation of 1st solution
 From an environmentalperspective,reuse simply makes sense.Why not make use of the embodied
nutrientsin human waste to replace chemical fertilizers,or the embodied energy to replacefossil fuels?
 In developingcountrieslike india , the vast majority of facilities that get built under this assumption are on a
run-to-failure trajectoryfrom their inception. Effective billing systems are seldom put into place, and the
ability and willingness of users to pay for sanitation seldom amountto full-cost recovery.
 We insist on applying new thinking to an intractable problem. Like usage of dry toilets which save water as
well as manage waste properly.
 We believe it is the latter half of the sanitation process— collection,transport,and treatment— that is
truly dysfunctional. The problemwith latrines is that they get used. Theyfill up. And they become unusable
and harmfuluntil they’re emptied. That’swhy we’re focused on building business models that incentivize
waste collection and treatmentservices.
 Innovative designs , models at local level are also being used by the enterprise for effective change.
Finance scheme :
• A new enterprise can get subsidized loans by
govt.on low interest rates.
• A large public enterprise can invest directly with
the companyfunds.
• Tie-upswith large fuel and fertilizers based
industries.
Advantages :
• Proper financial scheme for sanitation and waste
management.
• Ministry can monitor sanitation and waste
managementin a better way.
• More emphasis can be given on spreading
awareness in rural areas on sanitation.
• Increased local jobs.

6. Impact :
Environmentalimpact :
Recycle and reuse of human waste in a better way.
Health issues :
Minimized death rates and health issues due to
hygene.
Waste management:
Proper waste managementat local level.
Promotion :
promotionof innovative ideas and solutions.
Monitoring :
Due to privatization monitoring will be easy
Financial scheme :
Govt.fundscan be used better in spreading awareness
in ruralareas.
Monitoring :
• By gram sabha , panchayat sanitation
ministry .
• By stakeholders
• Volunteer networks.
• Regional NGO’s and social workers.
Sustainability
• Reinventing fecal sludge as fuel not only
providesa safe and sustainable sanitation
solution,but it reducesindustrial consumption
of dirty fossil fuels. Where one finds cities,
villages ,one can find the fecal sludge and
industry. The business brings the two together.

7. Possible challenges
 Concept Risks
 • Government or corporates do not see the viability of funding
 In this model
 • Usage of dry toilets and innovative toilets designed for such
enterprises is not sure at local levels.
 •No one is interested to work with human poo as it is a taboo in
India .
 People working for such an organization has to face some caste
discrimination among the people working with these organizations.
 Implementation challenges
 Difficulty in integrating with government infrastructure and finance
schemes .
 Spreading awareness.

8. Solution 2. Drinking Water Village Level
• Norms such as minimum distances of other sources from a drinking water source,
depth limits in comparison to the depth of the village drinking water sources,
regulation of other demands etc. should be decided at the village-level and
ensured, preferably through a social regulation
Regulation of groundwater abstraction for other uses
• Identification of safe drinking water sources or else appropriate and contextual
technologies to ensure safe drinking water at the household level must find a
place, especially in areas that are outside the classical „scarcity‟ arena
Appropriate alternatives that ensure―safe‖ drinking water
• Develop legislation with rural drinking water security at the centre of such
legislation.The legislation should target protecting drinking water sources and the
resource base that supports the sources from all kinds of externalities
Robust groundwater legislation

9. Future Considerations
 The provision of water and sanitation facilities during floods and other emergencies,
and droughts
 Requirement of technically qualified person for the maintenance of the water
infrastructure
Governance Level(steps)
• Assuring adequate quantity of safe and reliable domestic water supply
• Pricing of domestic water
• Setting time limit for approval and implementation
• Empowering the Gram Sabha, panchayats and water sanitation committees
• Lack of effective fund utilisation in priority areas

10. Other solutions
 1. Demarcation of protection zones – from source to catchment.
 2. Developing and sharing knowledge about the potential and
limitation of the drinking water resources.
 3.Augmentation, with emphasis on RWH, surface storage and
groundwater recharge.Traditional water sources to be studied for
their potential to supplement water supply as well as groundwater
recharge.
 4. Developing micro-scale water protection plans.
 5. Quality assurance and its sustainability.
 6. Provision for local technological innovations.
 7. Institutions.
 8. Overarching legal framework – with regard to externalities.
 9. Data and databases.