The document summarizes solutions to address India's water and sanitation crisis. It proposes using sea water for certain applications to preserve fresh water. It also suggests providing packaged drinking water to infants and pregnant women. Other solutions include promoting dry cleaning to reduce water usage, requiring industries to install sewage treatment plants, and raising awareness about hand washing and proper garbage disposal. The proposals discuss implementation approaches including relevant government roles, funding sources, and challenges to effective implementation.

1. Team Details:
COORDINATOR:NEERAJ GUPTA
RAVI KUMAR

2. A. The water and sanitation crisis
 21% of communicable diseases in India are related to unsafe
water quality.
 In India,diarrhea alone causes more than 1600 deaths daily.
 Only about 14% of rural population has access to a toilet room.
B. Slum environment
 Dusty environment.
 Unhygienic urban slums.
C. Poor sanitation and vector breeding places
 Poor disposal of solid waste and liquid waste.
 Poor house not worth for human living.
 No drainage system and toilets.
REST OF THE WORLD INDIA
INDONESIA PAKISTAN
ETHIOPIA NIGERIA
SUDAN CHINA
NIGERIA BURKINA FASO
MOZAMBIQUE CAMBODIA
MOZAMBI BRAZIL
Countries with the largest numbers of people practicing
open defecation (millions)
Nearly 60 per cent of those practicing open
defecation live in India

3. PROMOTING
SEA WATER
USES
 Mixing in 2:3 of sea water and fresh water is usable up to some
extent. Wherever possible sea water can be used ,for e.g.
i. Sea-water can be used in chiller plants of air-conditioning
systems.
ii. Sea-water can be used in hydro power plants.
iii. Many human activities can be done from sea-water except few
like drinking.
WATER LESS /LESS
WATER
CONSUMING
TOILET
To preserve water we should use waterless toilet or toilet which consume
less water should be used as much as possible, Specially in urban areas where
people can afford such toilets.
In developing countries, waterless toilets can provide sanitation on little
infrastructure and are doubly helpful in regions prone to droughts

4. PRESERVING
FRESH WATER
BODIES
We shouldn't dump industrial waste in fresh water bodies like
rivers, lakes, ponds etc.
Human daily activities shouldn't be done near water bodies.
Use a composting system in garden. The chemicals in synthetic
fertilizers have the potential to harm local water bodies.
PROMOTING
DRY CLEANING
Less use of water in daily activities like bathing and washing clothes etc.
Economical Dry cleaning techniques should be developed and promoted.
PACKAGED
BOILED
DRINKING
WATER
Providing packaged boiled drinking water in identified areas which are under
rarest of rare condition just like food security bill as water is more important to
survive than food,we can grow food but not water.
We can also provide this facility to infants and up to the age of
five(minimum 20L per month per infant) and also to pregnant women.
“A person can live few days without food but not without water.”

5. SEWAGE
TREATMENT
PLAN(STP)
There should be law to make compulsory for all industries
which uses water in large quantity to have sewage treatment
plant(STP)
CLEANING OF
WATER BODIES
There must be system of regular cleaning of water bodies in those
where there is no water treatment plant.
COMMON ANSWER IS AWARENESS
• We should make people aware for improve sanitation and effect of pollution on their health.
SOAP SUPPLY TO THE PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN
• Promote hand wash so that they can protect themselves from deadly bacteria.
GARBAGE DESTROY
• Lots of garbage are present in slum area which causes deadly diseases in those areas, so there must
be a effort of government to destroy as much as possible.
BUILDINGMORE AND MORE TOILET
• Nearly 73 per cent households in rural India practice open Defecation (OD) irrespective of having
or not having toilet facilities.

6. MERITS OF PROPOSED SOLUTIONS OVER EXISTING SOULTIONS
Promotes more utilization of seawater available in plenty.
Ensures safe drinking water to infants and pregnant women which is of prime importance
for the country growth.
More impact in small cost and bring revolution
IMPLEMENTATION OF SOLUTIONS
SEA WATER USES
SEA WATER
PIPELINE/CAN
AL
COMMMUNITY
CENTER
PUBLIC
DISTRIBUTION
Central government role :
 Provides water to the state by pipeline or canal.
State government role :
Distribution of water in entire states through proper channels.
Proposed source of funding :
Partly by central and state government as per their roles mentioned above.
PIPELINE NETWORK BUILDING:DATA PER KM
Cost of 1000mm pipe/km=18lacs
Fitting cost/km approx(including labour cost, HEMs)=5lacs
Contractor profit@10%=2.4lacs
Total cost/km =Approx 25 lacs

7. PACKED DRINKING WATER: Establishment of 1 plant in each state
SETUP OF
ECONOMICAL
PLANTS IN
STATES
BOTTLED WATER
(20L EACH)
PRIMARY
HEALTH
CENTER
DISTRIBUTED TO
INFANTS AND
PREGNANT
WOMEN
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM : Use of existing distribution system of medical facility.
FUNDING :Central Government. Funding details below.
TOTAL FUNDING
REQUIRED PER
STATE
SETUP COST
2000LPH ECONOMY
PLANT
MACHINERY COST=1CRORE
APPROX.
PER STATE(ONE TIME)
OTHER INFRASTRUCTURE
COST =5CRORES(ONE TIME)ORGANIZATION
COST
1CRORE PER ANNUM CONSISTING OF
50 EMPLOYEE
OTHER COST
INCLUDING
TRANSPORTAT-
ION
MAINTAINENC
-E AND
MATERIALS
REQUIRED
=2.5CRORE TOTAL COST per state=APPROX. 7CRORE ONE TIME
+APPROX.3.5CRORE PER ANNUM

8. PROMOTING DRY CLEANING AND PREVENTING WATER WASTAGE
GOVERNMENT ROLE:
Promoting the techniques and awareness about the prevention of water wastage.
Promoting research on dry cleaning methods.
FUNDING: Require no special funding. We can ask for journals and research papers from
the citizens of the country and promote the best one.
IMPLEMENTATION OF SANITATION IDEAS:
Creating awareness by taking complete help from NGOs
FUNDING: Require no special funding
GARBAGE DESTROY: People must be learnt to become responsible for destroying the garbage
created by them.
FUNDING: Require no special funding
PROVIDING SOAP TO CHILDREN STUDYING IN GOVERNMENT SCHOOL:
class Limit:Upto class 10
Cost per child 2x5=Rs.10(EACH SOAP COST RS.5)
TOTAL COST FOR 20 Crore children=20x10=Rs.200crores
MONTHLY CLEANING OF WATER BODIES
IMPLEMENTATION: Promoting NGOs to carry forward the entire monthly cleaning work.
FUNDING: Completely by NGOs .GOVT may help if require.

9. SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT(STP)
There must be a law that states “every industry must have sewage treatment plan”
FUNDING: Entirely by the respective organization or industry
WATER LESS TOILET/LESS WATER CONSUMING TOILETS
Creating awareness among upper class citizens who can afford such toilets.
GOVERNMENT ROLE :
Ensuring Availability of such toilet in markets.
Giving responsibities to NGOs for creating awareness.
FUNDING: No funding require.
IMPACT OF SOLUTIONS:
Criteria to measure the impact of solution :On the basis of diseases data provided by Health Ministry of
India.
Public feedback
SCALABILITY OF SOLUTION:
The plans mentioned will improve the overall health record of the country as a result there will be less
cases of water-borne diseases and protect the infants from deadly diseases.
There’ll be no water crisis.
Ensure correct utilization of drinking water.
There will be no more garbage.
SUSTAINABILITY OF SOLUTION: A supply system will be sustainable only if it promotes
efficiencies in both the supply and the demand sides. Initiatives to meet demand for water supply will be
sustainable if they prioritize measures to avoid water waste.
MONITORING MECHANISM: Strict monitoring by Ministry of Health.

10. IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES
Constructing water pipelines across the different areas
require massive fund.
Distribution of health care materials (soap, packaged
water) will be of great challenge.
Creating awareness among peoples and require NGOs
efforts.
Implementation may not be easy in slum areas.
Burning of garbage will pollute the air.
Difficult to improve sanitation in these ideas where
there is a less number of toilets.
Government seriousness in implementing the plans.
Coordination between state and central government will
be a challenge.
MITIGATION FACTORS
Self funded models require public interest.
Awareness campaign.
Coordination with primary health centers.

11. We believe that if any of
these two plans are
effectively and honestly
implemented will bring
water and health
revolution in the country.

12. REFERENCES
EHOW.COM(SEA WATER ASPECTS)
NCRPB.NIC.IN(PIPELINE COST ESTIMATION)
WIKIPEDIA(PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM)
WATER.ORG(WATER FACTS)
GOOGLE IMAGES(LOGO)
UNICEF Water, Environment and Sanitation(www.unicef.org/india/wes.html)