This document discusses public-private partnerships (PPPs) in waste management in India. It notes that PPPs have accelerated in the waste management sector due to legal obligations for waste generators and an opportunity for private businesses. PPPs can provide effective solutions if handled professionally by allocating risks properly and with government support through planning, permissions, and treating private operators as partners. The key to successful PPPs is political will, clear objectives, committed leadership, an independent regulator, public acceptance of fees, and professional attitudes between government and private operators.

1. Public Private Partnership
In
Waste Management
- Experience & Key Issues
Ravi Kant
Ramky
ravikant@ramky.com
Cell: 99890 22033
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2. Environment Protection - International Realization
The United Nations, on 5th June 1972, organized an international
conference on Human Environment at Stockholm, Sweden.
This was first comprehensive international attempt to articulate the
sustainable development – Environment protection in view of
growing world population and economic growth.
The conference recognized the need for specific international and
national actions to ensure that economic growth takes place with
due regard to environmental protection and natural resources
conservation.
The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) was created
in this conference and the opening day of the conference, June 5
was declared as the World Environment Day.
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3. India – from ‘Developing’ to ‘Developed’ nation
India is midst of tremendous infrastructure & industrial growth
Greater growth means greater waste generation.
This growth is straining the environment (Air, Water, Soil) like
never before
We need proactive approach to create ‘Waste Management
Infrastructure’ for scientific management of waste
Waste management infrastructure is a ‘must utility’ in Master
Plans of all developed cities across the world.
India has to do lot of catching up to be truly called modern
country
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4. India – from ‘Developing’ to ‘Developed’ nation
Let us be conscious of the fact that scientific waste management is no longer
‘moral’ or ‘corporate social responsibility’ – it is legal obligation in India.
This legal obligation covers all waste generating establishments – both public
& private in the country
This legal obligation has motivated the private sector to see business
opportunity in waste management sector.
This has caused and accelerated ‘Public Private Partnership’ in waste
Partnership
management sector in India.
PPP, if handled professionally, can provide effective solutions for waste
management & sustainable growth
The central and state governments need to give a big push to enable scientific
management of ‘waste’ as per statutory requirements.
We already have success stories in the country – however issues of risk
allocation need to be addressed.
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5. Solid Waste
Industrial Waste
Bio-medical Waste
Municipal Solid Waste
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6. Environmental Legislation in India
The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
Hazardous Wastes (Management & Handling) Rules, 1989
Bio-medical Wastes (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998
Municipal Solid Wastes (Management & Handling) Rules, 2000
Note
Only Union Parliament is competent to make laws on Environment.
GOI Ministry: Ministry of Environment & Forests
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7. Environment Protection Act, 1986 (Section 15)
the fear of law….
Whoever fails to comply with or contravenes any of the provisions of
this Act, or the rules made or orders or directions issued there under,
shall, in respect of each such failure or contravention, be punishable
with imprisonment for a term which may extend to five years with fine
which may extend to one lakh rupees, or with both.
And in case the failure or contravention continues, with additional fine,
which may extend to five thousand rupees for every day during which
such failure or contravention continues after the conviction for the first
such failure or contravention.
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8. Waste Management
Reduce
Reuse
Recycle
Dispose
Bury (Engineered Sanitary Landfill)
Burn (Incinerator)
Waste management (Collection, Transportation, Treatment & Disposal) has to
be done without causing any damage to Environment (Air, Water & Soil)
Polluter Pays Principle
Waste is typically managed in common facilities established as commercial
entities, which charge fees from waste generators
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10. Making of A Landfill - the final disposal
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11. Making of A Landfill
Landfill – Closed & Capped
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12. Incineration
(Burning of Waste under controlled conditions)
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13. MSW Management - PPP
PPP provides a mechanism wherein the private Operator brings in Capital,
Technology & Manpower to establish and operate the waste management
infrastructure.
The Private Operator is engaged for typical period of 5 – 25 years on BOOT
(Build, Own, Operate, and Transfer) basis through transparent bidding
process.
With proper monitoring, PPP ensures Innovation, Efficiency and improved
level of Services together with compliance to Environment, Health & Safety
(EHS).
Since government is a stakeholder in the project, the project planning,
permissions, execution are facilitated.
Government plays the role of regulator ensuring performance standards by
Operator through Penalties, Performance Guarantees, Escrow Accounts etc
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14. Success of PPP in Waste Management Sector –
Key Ingredients
Political will at the highest level
Clarity on purpose and objectives of privatization
Leadership & committed administration
Independent ‘Regulator’ & enforcement by ‘Pollution Control
Boards’. This will bring in Trust.
Public acceptance of ‘User Charges’ and better services
Professional attitude of ULBs in working with private ‘Operator’
Selection of private operator through professionals.
Treat private operator as a partner (Bedrock of PPP)
Adequate Tipping Fees & timely payments
Respect Concession Agreement
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15. Cheers !
&
Thanks for your attention
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