Essentialism
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The philosophy of teaching "ESSENTIALISM". What should be taught by the teachers & schools following the philosophy of essentialism.
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Essentialism
This document discusses the educational philosophy of essentialism. It defines essentialism as believing students should learn basic traditional subjects thoroughly to function in society. Essentialists think education involves mastering core skills and subjects, with teacher-centered classrooms where teachers are moral and intellectual models. The document also examines essentialism's views on knowledge, values, individuals and society, and its core principles which emphasize hard work, teacher initiative, social environment influences, and mental discipline methods.
Perennialism
Perennialism focuses on teaching principles rather than facts, and believes education should develop students' rational and moral powers. It recommends teaching liberal topics like humanities, arts, theology and history by having students read the great books of influential thinkers from the past. Perennialists believe this approach cultivates a sound personality and prepares students for lifelong learning and understanding universal truths. They stress teaching subjects like philosophy, languages, sciences and more that provide a well-rounded liberal arts education.
Essentialism and perennialism
Essentialism is an educational theory that believes there is a common core of knowledge that should be provided to all students in order to participate fully in society. It emphasizes a rigorous, teacher-centered approach where students learn established fundamentals through traditional academic subjects like literature, philosophy, science, and mathematics in a systematic way. Essentialists believe education should focus on imparting essential knowledge and developing character, with students trusting the teacher knows best and focusing on learning from them.
Perennialism philosophy
This document discusses the philosophy of perennialism in education. It outlines the major exponents like Robert Hutchins and Mortimer Adler. The key points are that perennialism is a teacher-centered philosophy that focuses on enduring concepts and ideas that have lasted for centuries. It emphasizes a universal, core curriculum centered around great books and believes that human nature is permanent and unchanging. The role of the teacher is as an authority figure and role model, while students are expected to be obedient and learn in the same way through methods like memorization and drill. Criticisms of perennialism include that it is too focused on the past and ignores contemporary realities.
ABOUT ESSENTIALISM
Essentialism is a philosophy that values the inherent essence or attributes that define what makes an entity fundamentally what it is. It postulates that objects in the real world are mere representations of abstract ideal forms. As an educational philosophy, essentialism believes students should learn traditional basic subjects thoroughly by installing them with the "essentials" of academic knowledge through a teacher-centered approach where the teacher interprets the essential learning process and sets the tone in the classroom. Criticisms of essentialism include that it allows for little student freedom or creativity, though it does provide a strong foundation of basic knowledge and skills.
Essentialism
William Bagley introduced the term essentialism in 1930 as an American educational philosophy focusing on teaching core subjects to prepare students for life. Essentialism believes students should learn essential knowledge and skills, like basic subjects, as well as traditional values. Essentialists want to instill students with the most important knowledge, skills, and character to be productive citizens. They emphasize discipline and teaching through direct methods like lectures and memorization. Essentialism's goal is to provide students a strong basic education to succeed in modern society.
Essentialism
Essentialism focuses on teaching core subjects and transmitting knowledge in a systematic way from teacher to student. It values learning fundamental skills and information before advancing to higher levels. The teacher is the central authority in the classroom and students must adjust to their teaching methods. Essentialism emphasizes discipline, order, and mastery of basic subjects but does not account for individual learning styles or interests.
Perennialism and Essentialism
- Perennialism is an educational philosophy that believes education should focus on ideas and concepts that have remained important and relevant over long periods of time, as found in great works of thinkers like Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, and Aquinas.
- It holds that there are universal truths about humanity, ethics, and society that form the core of what students should learn.
- Essentialism emerged in response to perceived relaxation of academic standards. It emphasizes mastery of basic skills and subjects like reading, writing, math, science, and history that provide foundational knowledge needed for students to participate in society.
- Both philosophies believe in a traditional, knowledge-centered approach where the teacher's role is
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Essentialism
This document discusses the educational philosophy of essentialism. It defines essentialism as believing students should learn basic traditional subjects thoroughly to function in society. Essentialists think education involves mastering core skills and subjects, with teacher-centered classrooms where teachers are moral and intellectual models. The document also examines essentialism's views on knowledge, values, individuals and society, and its core principles which emphasize hard work, teacher initiative, social environment influences, and mental discipline methods.
Perennialism
Perennialism focuses on teaching principles rather than facts, and believes education should develop students' rational and moral powers. It recommends teaching liberal topics like humanities, arts, theology and history by having students read the great books of influential thinkers from the past. Perennialists believe this approach cultivates a sound personality and prepares students for lifelong learning and understanding universal truths. They stress teaching subjects like philosophy, languages, sciences and more that provide a well-rounded liberal arts education.
Essentialism and perennialism
Essentialism is an educational theory that believes there is a common core of knowledge that should be provided to all students in order to participate fully in society. It emphasizes a rigorous, teacher-centered approach where students learn established fundamentals through traditional academic subjects like literature, philosophy, science, and mathematics in a systematic way. Essentialists believe education should focus on imparting essential knowledge and developing character, with students trusting the teacher knows best and focusing on learning from them.
Perennialism philosophy
This document discusses the philosophy of perennialism in education. It outlines the major exponents like Robert Hutchins and Mortimer Adler. The key points are that perennialism is a teacher-centered philosophy that focuses on enduring concepts and ideas that have lasted for centuries. It emphasizes a universal, core curriculum centered around great books and believes that human nature is permanent and unchanging. The role of the teacher is as an authority figure and role model, while students are expected to be obedient and learn in the same way through methods like memorization and drill. Criticisms of perennialism include that it is too focused on the past and ignores contemporary realities.
ABOUT ESSENTIALISM
Essentialism is a philosophy that values the inherent essence or attributes that define what makes an entity fundamentally what it is. It postulates that objects in the real world are mere representations of abstract ideal forms. As an educational philosophy, essentialism believes students should learn traditional basic subjects thoroughly by installing them with the "essentials" of academic knowledge through a teacher-centered approach where the teacher interprets the essential learning process and sets the tone in the classroom. Criticisms of essentialism include that it allows for little student freedom or creativity, though it does provide a strong foundation of basic knowledge and skills.
Essentialism
William Bagley introduced the term essentialism in 1930 as an American educational philosophy focusing on teaching core subjects to prepare students for life. Essentialism believes students should learn essential knowledge and skills, like basic subjects, as well as traditional values. Essentialists want to instill students with the most important knowledge, skills, and character to be productive citizens. They emphasize discipline and teaching through direct methods like lectures and memorization. Essentialism's goal is to provide students a strong basic education to succeed in modern society.
Essentialism
Essentialism focuses on teaching core subjects and transmitting knowledge in a systematic way from teacher to student. It values learning fundamental skills and information before advancing to higher levels. The teacher is the central authority in the classroom and students must adjust to their teaching methods. Essentialism emphasizes discipline, order, and mastery of basic subjects but does not account for individual learning styles or interests.
Perennialism and Essentialism
- Perennialism is an educational philosophy that believes education should focus on ideas and concepts that have remained important and relevant over long periods of time, as found in great works of thinkers like Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, and Aquinas.
- It holds that there are universal truths about humanity, ethics, and society that form the core of what students should learn.
- Essentialism emerged in response to perceived relaxation of academic standards. It emphasizes mastery of basic skills and subjects like reading, writing, math, science, and history that provide foundational knowledge needed for students to participate in society.
- Both philosophies believe in a traditional, knowledge-centered approach where the teacher's role is
Pragmatism in Education
This document discusses the philosophy of pragmatism in education. It defines pragmatism as a method of evaluating problems through experience rather than abstract theory. The key figures who developed pragmatism are identified as William James, Charles Sanders Peirce, and John Dewey. Dewey believed education should start with the child's interests and allow freedom while fostering responsibility. For pragmatists, truth is determined by what works rather than corresponding to abstract ideals. The document examines how pragmatism influences views on curriculum, teaching methods, and the roles of teachers, students, and schools.
Essentialism in Education
Essentialism aims to teach all students basic knowledge, skills, and virtues through a common core curriculum. Essentialists believe the teacher's role is to impart essential knowledge as an expert through strategies like lecture and memorization, while students play a passive role by listening and trusting the teacher knows best. The goal is to prepare productive citizens by teaching traditional values and disciplines through the elementary focus on basic skills and secondary emphasis on disciplined knowledge.
Perennialism in Education
Perennialism is an educational philosophy that believes education should focus on teaching principles and ideas that are universally important to all people across time, rather than facts that may change. It recommends students learn from reading and analyzing great works of history's finest thinkers to develop rational and moral powers. While it shares some similarities with Essentialism in focusing on core skills and knowledge, Perennialism places more emphasis on liberal topics, personal development through experience and relationships, and developing a sound personality through exposure to theological and philosophical ideals.
PHILOSOPHY OF NATURALISM & EDUCATION
Naturalism is a philosophy that believes nature alone represents all of reality, with nothing existing beyond the natural world. In education, naturalism aims to provide maximum freedom and for education to follow the nature of each child. The key aims of education according to naturalism are self-expression, self-preservation, and the redirection and sublimation of instincts toward socially useful ends. Naturalism advocates for learning through direct experience and observation of the natural world. Teachers are to observe students' natural development rather than dictate what they learn.
PHILOSOPHY OF IDEALISM & EDUCATION
1. The document discusses the philosophy of idealism and its views on education. Idealism believes that education helps one understand their true spiritual self and preserve cultural ideals.
2. The aims of education according to idealism are the exaltation of human personality, universal education, developing initiative and creative power, enriching culture, developing morality, and self-realization.
3. Idealism advocates for curriculum that develops the whole person through intellectual, physical, and spiritual activities. The teaching methods focus on self-activity and developing an appreciation for truth, goodness, and beauty.
Philosophy and education
This document discusses several philosophies of education including idealism, naturalism, pragmatism, realism, and humanism. It provides definitions and key aspects of each philosophy. Idealism views education as spiritual development and emphasizes moral values and character. Naturalism sees education as the natural development of a child's capacities. Pragmatism regards education as reconstruction of experiences to create value. Realism prepares children for real life through sense experiences. Humanism attaches importance to human rather than divine matters and focuses on social welfare and human values.
Behaviorism in philosophy of education
Behaviorism is a systematic approach to understanding human and animal behavior based on the environment. It focuses on observable behaviors and reactions to stimuli rather than internal mental states. Key behaviorist theorists include Ivan Pavlov, who discovered classical conditioning through his dog experiments; John Watson, who conducted an experiment conditioning a child's fear response and helped establish behaviorism; and B.F. Skinner, who developed the theory of operant conditioning to explain how behaviors are influenced by consequences like rewards and punishments.
Educational philosophers
Friedrich Froebel is considered the founder of kindergarten. He was influenced by educators like Rousseau, Basedow, and Pestalozzi. Froebel believed education should lead children to understand their true nature as creative beings. His curriculum used gifts, occupations, and games to help children develop self-awareness and social skills.
Johann Herbart focused on moral education. He believed morality should be the center of education and identified five aspects of moral character. Herbart also proposed a model of teaching involving preparation, presentation, association, generalization, and application.
Herbert Spencer believed in a utilitarian education to prepare children for adult life. He supported the idea of survival of the
PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION.pptx
1. The first philosophers were called Milesians or Ionians and emerged in the Greek city of Miletus.
2. Five major philosophies of education have prevailed throughout history: realism, idealism, pragmatism, existentialism, and naturalism.
3. Realism focuses on helping children understand and accept external demands, while idealism emphasizes developing students' internal understanding of ideals. Pragmatism concerns reflective thinking and problem-solving. Existentialism views education as an individual process and naturalism sees education as occurring in accordance with nature's laws.
Perennialism (My Report)
This document discusses the educational philosophy of perennialism. Perennialism believes that education should focus on teaching ideas and truths that are enduring and do not change, rather than contemporary ideas that may be fleeting. Key figures in perennialism discussed are Mortimer Adler, who advocated studying classics, and Robert Hutchins, who believed in a liberal education focusing on timeless truths through subjects like logic, math, language, science and history.
PHILOSOPHY OF REALISM & EDUCATION
This document discusses the philosophy of realism in education. It begins by noting that Aristotle is considered the father of realism. Realism took on new importance with the contributions of John Locke. Realism believes that all knowledge is derived from experience in the real world of nature, and that the universe is made up of matter and energy. Realists believe the world operates according to natural laws that can be discovered through scientific methods. Realism focuses education on equipping students with skills to understand and master the physical environment, and to adjust to approved social behaviors. Realism prioritizes subjects like science and math in the curriculum.
Reconstructionism
Reconstructionism is an educational philosophy that aims to use education to improve society and address social problems. It was developed in reaction to World War II and focuses on empowering students to envision a better future and prepare for roles in bringing about positive social change. Reconstructionism emphasizes using curricula focused on civic duties, ethics, and real-world issues to develop problem-solving and critical thinking skills. Teachers act as facilitators and social change agents rather than just instructors. Student evaluation is based on their ability to be social activists rather than test scores. However, critics argue that reconstructionism lacks detail on implementation and may be more relevant at advanced education levels.
Perennialism Philosophies of education
The document discusses the philosophy of perennialism as a teacher-centered approach to education. Perennialism focuses on transferring universal and immutable knowledge from teachers to students through the curriculum. It emphasizes instilling respect for authority and intellectual and moral development in students. The role of the teacher is to act as a director who delivers clear lectures and coaches students in critical thinking. Some prominent educational leaders associated with perennialism mentioned are Robert Maynard Hutchins, Mortimer J. Adler, and Jacques Maritain.
Behaviorism education curriculum
The document discusses behaviorism as a perspective for curriculum development from its origins in the late 19th/early 20th century. Key figures discussed include Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner. Behaviorism focuses on observable behaviors and uses conditioning principles like reinforcement. From this view, curriculum is carefully structured, sequenced, and evaluated based on measurable outcomes. It emphasizes drills, practice, and external influences on learning over internal mental processes. An example given is the audiolingual method for foreign language teaching using repetition and modeling.
philosophy of education, progressivism
Progressivism is an educational theory that believes students learn best through experiences that they find relevant to their own lives. Students pursue their interests and learn through social interaction. John Dewey was a key proponent, believing learning happens best through real-world experiences rather than just books. The goals of progressivism are for students to become intelligent problem solvers and socially aware citizens. Teachers focus on group work, projects, and relating lessons to students' future needs rather than standardized tests.
Philosophy of education
Learn about educational philosophies and take the movie quiz here - http://community.eflclassroom.com/profiles/blogs/what-is-your-philosophy-of-education
Idealism on education
Idealism is one of the oldest philosophies that believes ideas are the true reality, not the material world which is imperfect and changing. The document discusses the key principles of idealism including that spirit and mind constitute reality, values are absolute, and truth cannot be found in the material world. It provides examples of important idealist philosophers from both Western and Indian traditions such as Plato, Descartes, and Aurobindo Ghosh. The metaphysics, axiology, and epistemology of idealism are also summarized.
Behaviorism as a philosophy of education
Behaviorism as a Philosophy of Education focuses on conditioning student behavior through reinforcement and consequences, based on the work of psychologists like Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner. It aims to modify behavior through techniques like rewarding desirable behaviors and punishing undesirable ones. While controversial, behaviorism has increasingly influenced education through conditioning students to behave in ways like sitting still and being quiet. According to behaviorists, teachers can and do apply behavioral principles in their classrooms through things like praise, rewards, and other reinforcements.
REALISM AND EDUCATION
Realism is a philosophical view that believes reality exists independently of human consciousness. Key aspects of realism include the belief that objects have an absolute existence independent of perception, and that reality operates based on natural laws. Prominent realist philosophers include Aristotle, Aquinas, Bacon, Locke, and modern thinkers like Putnam and Searle. Realism emphasizes using the senses and scientific inquiry to understand the material world. It supports a curriculum focused on practical subjects, and teaching methods centered around observation, critical thinking, and mastery of facts.
Perennialism
Perennialism is a philosophical theory that argues for the existence of universal truths. It originated in religious thought with Thomas Aquinas and was later developed into secular forms. Perennialism believes that education should impart timeless knowledge through studying great works, remain the same for all people, and focus on developing rational thinking skills. The curriculum emphasizes subjects like philosophy, art, science and math. In the classroom, perennialism uses a teacher-centered approach with an emphasis on discussion, memorization, and conveying moral lessons through readings.
Essentialism
Essentialism is an educational philosophy that began in the 1930s-1940s which believes students should be taught basic skills and knowledge to become productive citizens. It is teacher-centered with the teacher as the expert imparting essential content through direct instruction like lectures and memorization. Students play a passive role by listening to the teacher. The purpose of schooling within essentialism is to prepare students with the core curriculum of basic subjects needed for modern life. While it provides stability, essentialism is criticized for the passive role it gives students in their education.
Philosophies of education
This document discusses several philosophies of education including essentialism, progressivism, perennialism, existentialism, and behaviorism. It provides an overview of each philosophy's perspective on why we teach, what we teach, and how we teach. Essentialism focuses on basic skills and knowledge, progressivism emphasizes experiential learning and problem-solving, perennialism centers on developing rational thinking through great books, existentialism supports self-directed learning to understand one's self, and behaviorism arranges environments to shape responses to stimuli. The document also briefly mentions other philosophies like reconstructionism and examines which philosophies influence existing educational systems.
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Pragmatism in Education
This document discusses the philosophy of pragmatism in education. It defines pragmatism as a method of evaluating problems through experience rather than abstract theory. The key figures who developed pragmatism are identified as William James, Charles Sanders Peirce, and John Dewey. Dewey believed education should start with the child's interests and allow freedom while fostering responsibility. For pragmatists, truth is determined by what works rather than corresponding to abstract ideals. The document examines how pragmatism influences views on curriculum, teaching methods, and the roles of teachers, students, and schools.
Essentialism in Education
Essentialism aims to teach all students basic knowledge, skills, and virtues through a common core curriculum. Essentialists believe the teacher's role is to impart essential knowledge as an expert through strategies like lecture and memorization, while students play a passive role by listening and trusting the teacher knows best. The goal is to prepare productive citizens by teaching traditional values and disciplines through the elementary focus on basic skills and secondary emphasis on disciplined knowledge.
Perennialism in Education
Perennialism is an educational philosophy that believes education should focus on teaching principles and ideas that are universally important to all people across time, rather than facts that may change. It recommends students learn from reading and analyzing great works of history's finest thinkers to develop rational and moral powers. While it shares some similarities with Essentialism in focusing on core skills and knowledge, Perennialism places more emphasis on liberal topics, personal development through experience and relationships, and developing a sound personality through exposure to theological and philosophical ideals.
PHILOSOPHY OF NATURALISM & EDUCATION
Naturalism is a philosophy that believes nature alone represents all of reality, with nothing existing beyond the natural world. In education, naturalism aims to provide maximum freedom and for education to follow the nature of each child. The key aims of education according to naturalism are self-expression, self-preservation, and the redirection and sublimation of instincts toward socially useful ends. Naturalism advocates for learning through direct experience and observation of the natural world. Teachers are to observe students' natural development rather than dictate what they learn.
PHILOSOPHY OF IDEALISM & EDUCATION
1. The document discusses the philosophy of idealism and its views on education. Idealism believes that education helps one understand their true spiritual self and preserve cultural ideals.
2. The aims of education according to idealism are the exaltation of human personality, universal education, developing initiative and creative power, enriching culture, developing morality, and self-realization.
3. Idealism advocates for curriculum that develops the whole person through intellectual, physical, and spiritual activities. The teaching methods focus on self-activity and developing an appreciation for truth, goodness, and beauty.
Philosophy and education
This document discusses several philosophies of education including idealism, naturalism, pragmatism, realism, and humanism. It provides definitions and key aspects of each philosophy. Idealism views education as spiritual development and emphasizes moral values and character. Naturalism sees education as the natural development of a child's capacities. Pragmatism regards education as reconstruction of experiences to create value. Realism prepares children for real life through sense experiences. Humanism attaches importance to human rather than divine matters and focuses on social welfare and human values.
Behaviorism in philosophy of education
Behaviorism is a systematic approach to understanding human and animal behavior based on the environment. It focuses on observable behaviors and reactions to stimuli rather than internal mental states. Key behaviorist theorists include Ivan Pavlov, who discovered classical conditioning through his dog experiments; John Watson, who conducted an experiment conditioning a child's fear response and helped establish behaviorism; and B.F. Skinner, who developed the theory of operant conditioning to explain how behaviors are influenced by consequences like rewards and punishments.
Educational philosophers
Friedrich Froebel is considered the founder of kindergarten. He was influenced by educators like Rousseau, Basedow, and Pestalozzi. Froebel believed education should lead children to understand their true nature as creative beings. His curriculum used gifts, occupations, and games to help children develop self-awareness and social skills.
Johann Herbart focused on moral education. He believed morality should be the center of education and identified five aspects of moral character. Herbart also proposed a model of teaching involving preparation, presentation, association, generalization, and application.
Herbert Spencer believed in a utilitarian education to prepare children for adult life. He supported the idea of survival of the
PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION.pptx
1. The first philosophers were called Milesians or Ionians and emerged in the Greek city of Miletus.
2. Five major philosophies of education have prevailed throughout history: realism, idealism, pragmatism, existentialism, and naturalism.
3. Realism focuses on helping children understand and accept external demands, while idealism emphasizes developing students' internal understanding of ideals. Pragmatism concerns reflective thinking and problem-solving. Existentialism views education as an individual process and naturalism sees education as occurring in accordance with nature's laws.
Perennialism (My Report)
This document discusses the educational philosophy of perennialism. Perennialism believes that education should focus on teaching ideas and truths that are enduring and do not change, rather than contemporary ideas that may be fleeting. Key figures in perennialism discussed are Mortimer Adler, who advocated studying classics, and Robert Hutchins, who believed in a liberal education focusing on timeless truths through subjects like logic, math, language, science and history.
PHILOSOPHY OF REALISM & EDUCATION
This document discusses the philosophy of realism in education. It begins by noting that Aristotle is considered the father of realism. Realism took on new importance with the contributions of John Locke. Realism believes that all knowledge is derived from experience in the real world of nature, and that the universe is made up of matter and energy. Realists believe the world operates according to natural laws that can be discovered through scientific methods. Realism focuses education on equipping students with skills to understand and master the physical environment, and to adjust to approved social behaviors. Realism prioritizes subjects like science and math in the curriculum.
Reconstructionism
Reconstructionism is an educational philosophy that aims to use education to improve society and address social problems. It was developed in reaction to World War II and focuses on empowering students to envision a better future and prepare for roles in bringing about positive social change. Reconstructionism emphasizes using curricula focused on civic duties, ethics, and real-world issues to develop problem-solving and critical thinking skills. Teachers act as facilitators and social change agents rather than just instructors. Student evaluation is based on their ability to be social activists rather than test scores. However, critics argue that reconstructionism lacks detail on implementation and may be more relevant at advanced education levels.
Perennialism Philosophies of education
The document discusses the philosophy of perennialism as a teacher-centered approach to education. Perennialism focuses on transferring universal and immutable knowledge from teachers to students through the curriculum. It emphasizes instilling respect for authority and intellectual and moral development in students. The role of the teacher is to act as a director who delivers clear lectures and coaches students in critical thinking. Some prominent educational leaders associated with perennialism mentioned are Robert Maynard Hutchins, Mortimer J. Adler, and Jacques Maritain.
Behaviorism education curriculum
The document discusses behaviorism as a perspective for curriculum development from its origins in the late 19th/early 20th century. Key figures discussed include Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner. Behaviorism focuses on observable behaviors and uses conditioning principles like reinforcement. From this view, curriculum is carefully structured, sequenced, and evaluated based on measurable outcomes. It emphasizes drills, practice, and external influences on learning over internal mental processes. An example given is the audiolingual method for foreign language teaching using repetition and modeling.
philosophy of education, progressivism
Progressivism is an educational theory that believes students learn best through experiences that they find relevant to their own lives. Students pursue their interests and learn through social interaction. John Dewey was a key proponent, believing learning happens best through real-world experiences rather than just books. The goals of progressivism are for students to become intelligent problem solvers and socially aware citizens. Teachers focus on group work, projects, and relating lessons to students' future needs rather than standardized tests.
Philosophy of education
Learn about educational philosophies and take the movie quiz here - http://community.eflclassroom.com/profiles/blogs/what-is-your-philosophy-of-education
Idealism on education
Idealism is one of the oldest philosophies that believes ideas are the true reality, not the material world which is imperfect and changing. The document discusses the key principles of idealism including that spirit and mind constitute reality, values are absolute, and truth cannot be found in the material world. It provides examples of important idealist philosophers from both Western and Indian traditions such as Plato, Descartes, and Aurobindo Ghosh. The metaphysics, axiology, and epistemology of idealism are also summarized.
Behaviorism as a philosophy of education
Behaviorism as a Philosophy of Education focuses on conditioning student behavior through reinforcement and consequences, based on the work of psychologists like Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner. It aims to modify behavior through techniques like rewarding desirable behaviors and punishing undesirable ones. While controversial, behaviorism has increasingly influenced education through conditioning students to behave in ways like sitting still and being quiet. According to behaviorists, teachers can and do apply behavioral principles in their classrooms through things like praise, rewards, and other reinforcements.
REALISM AND EDUCATION
Realism is a philosophical view that believes reality exists independently of human consciousness. Key aspects of realism include the belief that objects have an absolute existence independent of perception, and that reality operates based on natural laws. Prominent realist philosophers include Aristotle, Aquinas, Bacon, Locke, and modern thinkers like Putnam and Searle. Realism emphasizes using the senses and scientific inquiry to understand the material world. It supports a curriculum focused on practical subjects, and teaching methods centered around observation, critical thinking, and mastery of facts.
Perennialism
Perennialism is a philosophical theory that argues for the existence of universal truths. It originated in religious thought with Thomas Aquinas and was later developed into secular forms. Perennialism believes that education should impart timeless knowledge through studying great works, remain the same for all people, and focus on developing rational thinking skills. The curriculum emphasizes subjects like philosophy, art, science and math. In the classroom, perennialism uses a teacher-centered approach with an emphasis on discussion, memorization, and conveying moral lessons through readings.
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The document discusses several philosophies of education including Perennialism, Essentialism, Progressivism, Existentialism, and Behaviorism. Perennialism believes in eternal truths and values that are taught through great works and classics. Essentialism focuses on teaching core academic subjects and basic skills needed for adult life. Progressivism emphasizes student-centered, experiential learning tailored to students' interests and abilities. Existentialism prioritizes developing the whole person and helping students accept responsibility for their own choices and lives. Behaviorism views learning as observable changes in behavior through stimuli and responses.
7 Philosophies of education and Field of Philosophy
This document outlines various philosophies of education including essentialism, progressivism, perennialism, existentialism, behaviorism, linguistic philosophy, and constructivism. It discusses the key beliefs of each philosophy in terms of why we teach, what we teach, and how we teach. The document also introduces the four pillars of learning: learning to know, learning to do, learning to live together, and learning to be. Finally, it provides an overview of four branches of philosophy related to teaching: axiology, epistemology, logic, and metaphysics.
essentialism-161109105322 (1) [Autosaved].pptx
Essentialism is an American philosophy of education from the 1930s-1940s that believes in teaching core basic subjects to instill fundamental knowledge, skills, and values in students. It was introduced by philosopher William Bagley and aims to prepare students to be productive citizens through a standardized curriculum focused on mastery of core content. Teachers are cast as experts who impart knowledge through direct instruction and memorization, while students play a passive role learning what is taught. The philosophy emphasizes stability but is criticized for its lack of consideration of individual student needs and interests.
understan
Educational essentialism is a philosophy that believes students should learn core academic subjects thoroughly through a back-to-basics approach aimed at instilling students with the accumulated wisdom of civilization. Essentialism ensures traditional disciplines like reading, writing, history and science are passed from teacher to student. It promotes a teacher-centered approach where teachers lead the classroom through discipline and interpreting the core lessons while keeping order and controlling students with rewards and penalties.
Theories of philosophy
- The document provides information about a student named Amna Rashid with roll number 2021-744 studying from 2021-2025 under the teacher Ms. Shaista Naheed with the goal of becoming a professor in psychology.
- It discusses how psychology has influenced curriculum development through theorists like Piaget and Vygotsky who studied child development and learning.
- The major philosophies that influence education are discussed as idealism, realism, pragmatism, and existentialism which focus on what and how students should learn.
PHILOSOPHICAL-FOUNDATIONS REPORT BY MS.FLORA MASTERAL
The document discusses two theories of education: progressivism and essentialism. Progressivism is centered around learning by doing and pursuing student interests, as advocated by John Dewey. Its goals are for students to become problem solvers and engaged citizens. Essentialism, introduced by William Bagley, emphasizes teaching core knowledge through basic subjects to prepare students for society. It positions the teacher as an expert who maintains discipline while teaching essential skills and content.
Educational philosophies BELANO -ISAAC REPORT.pptx
The document provides definitions and comparisons of different educational philosophies including essentialism, progressivism, perennialism, constructivism, behaviorism, reconstructionism, existentialism, and eclecticism. It defines each philosophy's views on why and how to teach as well as what content to teach. A comparison chart then outlines the differences between traditional and contemporary approaches across categories such as philosophical orientation, theoretical orientation, educational values, processes, focus, curriculum, learning, grouping, teachers, students, direction, and citizenship. References are provided at the end.
TEACHING PROFESSION 1.pptx
- The document discusses 7 philosophies of education: essentialism, progressivism, perennialism, existentialism, behaviorism, linguistic philosophy, and constructivism.
- For each philosophy, it provides information on why teachers teach according to that philosophy, what content is taught, and how teaching is done.
- The philosophies differ in their views of the purpose of education, what should be taught, and teaching methods but all aim to educate students.
final ppt prof ed.pptx
This document discusses 7 philosophies of education: Constructivism, Essentialism, Progressivism, Perennialism, Existentialism, Behaviorism, and Linguistic Philosophy. For each philosophy, it provides a brief overview of why teachers teach according to that philosophy, what they teach, and how they teach. The philosophies represent different views on the purpose of education and how students learn best. Overall, the document outlines some major educational philosophies and approaches to teaching.
Philosophies Of Education Save
The document outlines several philosophies of education and their key principles and curricular offerings:
- Idealism focuses on developing students mentally, morally and spiritually through subjects like philosophy, theology and arts. It emphasizes intellectual abilities and self-realization.
- Realism uses scientific methods and problem-solving approaches through subjects like science and social science to provide essential knowledge for survival.
- Pragmatism/Experimentalism combines academic and vocational disciplines to train students to adjust to a changing society.
- Perennialism focuses on universal principles and topics of enduring importance through arts, sciences and moral/intellectual subjects.
- Essentialism teaches core skills like reading, writing and
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7 Philosophies of education and Field of Philosophy
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Essentialism
- 1. Lahore College For Women University
- 2. ESSENTIALISM
- 3. ESSENTIALISM Essentialism is an American philosophy of education which began in the 1930s & 1940s. The two origins of essentialism is from idealism and realism. Essentialist refers to “Basic Education” William Bagley (1874- 1936), an American philosopher introduced the philosophy of essentialism in education in the 1930s. The word essentialism consist of two parts ,i.e ESSENTIAL & ISM ESSENTIAL refers to “extremely importantor necessary” & ISM (suffix ) refers to belief. Together they mean “ A Beleif that something is necessary ”
- 4. CONTINUE..... Essentialism is the educational philosophy of teaching basic skills. This philosophy edvocates training the mind. It is basically the view that some properties of objects are essential to them. Essentialism tries to instill all students with the most essential or basic academic knowledge or skills & character development. Essentialism in education asserts that common and essential ideas and skills belonging to a certain culture should be taught to all citizens at the same level at especially primary school level The unification role of essentialism is represented in the core curriculum that aims to transfer the essential knowledge and skills needed for the equal and well-balanced citizens
- 5. AIMS OF EDUCATION Essentialism focuses on both subjects , traditional and character development . It focuses on ethics, values, morals and discipline, things that are not learn by books. It provides education in a more constructive manner. Basic skills are focused . Hardwork is encouraged & discipline is maintained. The aim of education to the essentialism is to ensure stability of the education. This is to promote reasoning, train the mind & ensure a common culture for all citizens.
- 6. CONTINUE ..... Essentialist believe that students should be taught to be a model citizen. Essentialist believe that teacher should teach traditional moral values & virtues. The essentialist focus on on intellectual training in the areas of grammar, literature & writing, mathematics, sciences, history and modern foreign language Essentialist believe in mastery learning.
- 7. ROLE OF A TEACHER The role of a teacher has a primary focus. A teacher is considered most important source of transfering knowledge. Teacher is responsible for guiding the students towards a better future. Teachers need to be patient, have a positive attitude in order to assist development of students mind and body. The teachers & parents should plan a guideline in order to maintain a proper discipline. Family plays a vital role. According to essentialism, parents guidance is the most essential part.
- 8. CONTINUE...... Essentialism is also teacher centred philosophy. It is similar to perenialism,however it emphasizes personal development rather than necessary knowledge. The teacher is an expert of content knowledge. The teacher is accountable for student learning.
- 9. CURRICULUM Essentialism emphasizes on the significance of curriculum which means that all subjects must be studied by the students regardless of their interests factor as they might prove beneficial in future. The foundation of essentialist curriculum is based on traditional disciplines such as math, natural science, history, foreign language, and literature. Essentialists frown upon vocational courses. Strong emphasis on basic skills elementary schools & on disciplined knowledge and scholastic achievement in secondary schools. There should be a common core curriculum that is taught to all students.
- 10. TEACHING STRATEGIES Use instructional strategies Lecture Memorisation Homework Teacher and subject centred Mastery learning
- 11. THANKYOU