This document discusses the philosophies of idealism and realism in education. It provides definitions and key aspects of each philosophy. Idealism believes that reality is based in the mind and spirit, while realism believes that reality is what can be observed through the senses. The document outlines the nature, assumptions, aims, curriculum, teaching methods, and roles of teachers and schools for each philosophy. It also discusses prominent idealist and realist philosophers like Plato, Socrates, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Finally, it compares idealism and realism in education, noting idealism emphasizes intellectualism while realism favors a fact-based approach.

1. Laguna State Polytechnic University
San Pablo City Campus
Brgy. Del Remedio, San Pablo City
Prepared by:
Maricar P. Porcalla
MAED- EM

2. PHILOSOPHY
OF
EDUCATION

3. I. THE ROLE OF PHILOSOPHY IN
EDUCATION
There are many reasons for
believing that education is the
ultimate human task. It is the
process by which a helpless
and ignorant infant is
transformed into a human
being.
Human beings are capable of

4. IDEALISM
REALISM

5. III. IDEALISM
Definition
 Idealism is a philosophy that
proclaims the spiritual nature of men
and the universe.
 Its basic viewpoint stresses
important element in life.
 It holds that the good, true, and
beautiful are permanently part of a
related coherent, orderly, and
unchanging universe.

6. III. IDEALISM (continuation…)
 In Idealism all reality is reducible
to one fundamental substance –
spirit. Matter is not real. It is only
the mind that is real.
 Idealism believes in refined
wisdom. It is based on the view
that reality is world within a
person’s mind.

7. Nature
 Advocates that education is both
a basic need and basic right of
man.
Assumption
 God is the absolute ideal and all
positive values are full realized
and enjoyed through Him.
 The self is the ultimate reality of
individual experiences.

8. Educational Aim
 To develop the individual
spiritually, mentally and morally.
Curricular Emphasis
Subject Matter of mind:
• Literature
• History
• Philosophy
• Religion
• Mathematics
• Arts

9. Teaching Methods
• Lecture-discussion
Method
• Excursion
• Question Method
• Project Method
Character Development
• Imitating example of
heroes.

10. Role of Teachers
• Chief source of
inspiration
• Creator of educational
environment
Role of School
• Agency of the society
• Thinking institution

11. IV. REALISM
Definition
Realism believes in the world as it
is. It is based on the view that
reality is what we observe. It
believes that truth is what we sense
and observe and that goodness is
found in order of the laws of nature.
As a result, schools exist in reveal
the order of the world and universe.
Students are taught factual
information.

12. Nature
Advocates that values are
dependent upon the attitudes
of the sentiment beings
experiencing them.
Believe that investigating and
reasoning are important in any
effective adjustment to the real
world in the control of
experience.

13. Assumption
 Mind is like a mirror receiving
images from the physical world.
 Consciousness is not a
substance, it is an awareness of
experience and experience is a
medium in which objects and
origin are related.
Educational Aim
 Gives direction and form to
individual’s basic potentialities

14. Curricular Emphasis
Combination of subject matter
and problem- centered concepts
or real problems towards
acquisition of desirable habits:
• Study habits
• Research skills
• Experimentation
• Analytical and critical thinking
• Application of principles
• Habit of enjoyment

15. Subject Areas:
• Natural Sciences
• Social Sciences
• Arts
• Poetry
• Literature
• Biography

16. Teaching Method
 Scientific Methods
Character Development
 Training in rules of conduct
Role of Teachers
 Help develop initiative and ability
to control their experiences
 Help realize that they can enter
into the meaning of their
experiences
 The students would be taught
factual information for mastery

17. Role of School
Further develop discipline
Utilize pupil activity through
instruction
Speak with authority
Regard the pupil as more
superior than other objects
Change in the school would be
perceived as a natural evolution
toward perfection of order

18. V. PROPONENTS OF
EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
IDEALIST REALIST
PLATO
 “Every individual is born good,
and is capable to sense,
perceive and think
ARISTOTLE
 Founder of realism
 Invented the formal logic
 Notion of casualties

19. V. PROPONENTS OF
EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
IDEALIST REALIST
SOCRATES
 “the unexamined life is not
worth living”
JOHN LOCKE
 “a good life was life of
pleasure”
 “the primary qualities of
experience exist in the
physical world”
 “the mind of the child at
birth is similar to a blank
sheet of paper upon which
the world proceeds to write
its impression”

20. V. PROPONENTS OF
EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
IDEALIST REALIST
RENE DESCARTES
 Father of modern philosophy
 Famous words “ Cogito, ergo
sum”
“I think, therefore I am”
JOHN COMENIUS
 “mind is like a mirror
receiving images from the
outside world”
JOHANN HENRICH
PESTALOZZI
 Principle of Apperception
JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU
 He placed a special emphasis
on the learning by experience
 “man is born free but
everywhere is in chain”

21. VI. IDEALISM AND REALISM IN
EDUCATION
Idealism is often considered a
conservative philosophy of
education. Idealistic education
emphasizes the cognitive side,
intellectualism or elitist, to the
detriment of the physical and
effective side of development.
Idealism views formal education
not for the masses but for a chosen

22. VI. IDEALISM AND REALISM IN
EDUCATION
 Realism holds that reality, knowledge
and value exist independent of the
human kind. For the realist, matter is
real
 Realists are concerned with the
necessity of students measuring up to
the standard curriculum or external
criteria of excellence.

23. VI. IDEALISM AND REALISM IN
EDUCATION
They believe that the “superior”
students should be given the arts
and sciences while “slower” students
should be given a narrow technical-
vocational training. realism favors a
fact-based approach to knowledge.

24. THANK YOU
AND
GODBLESS