The document discusses various conferences at the World Water Week in Stockholm, focusing on the integration of climate change, water management, sanitation, and resilience in infrastructure planning. Key topics include the importance of local governance in water resource management, the necessity for economic and risk assessments in hydrological projects, and the urgent need for effective sanitation solutions, such as ending open defecation. It emphasizes the interconnectedness of water, food security, and climate change, and the critical role of international collaboration and local control in addressing these global challenges.

1. WWW 2012 from Sunday 26th until Friday 31th of August, Stockholm.
Conferences Sunday 26th.
K21 Infrastructures, climate change and water
Mr Diego Rodriguez, World bank.
Welcome to all participants that will help programs and thinking about water and large infrastructures.
Mr John Matthews, Conservation NGO
Ecological thinking could be against large dams and water infrastructures. But after working on the subject
several years ecologists can re-think the concept because large water systems are improving people's life.
Climate change is part of planning large infrastructures, and not any more an underground concern.
J.matthews@conservation.org
Mr David R. Purkey, US water group leader
Integrating resilience as continuity and recovery aspects.
How to maintain role, purpose and integrity of action in changing circonstances.
The example is about keeping good environment for fishes to live and give birth in Californian rivers.
Water temperature in this area of hydro-power production should be kept under 20 degrees, otherwise
fishes will not survive.
Adaptation of water system in terms of Operations, Infrastructure characteristics and Basin context.
It means taking water at deeper or lower level depending to season and temperature of reservoir.
Anyway it seems the population of fish will not last during the 21st century.
Water and energy plans are linked on effect matters.
Ms Monica Scatasta, European investment Bank
Sharing doubts, questions within the group.
Economic models linked to hydrological issues.
Water and Climate Change adaptation have influence on economic and financial challenges.
At project level, risk assessment might be a major research to understand financial and socio-economic
impacts.
Ms Jessica Troell, Environmental Law Institute
Governing for resilience.
Impredictability of climate and multiple stressors on environment show that adaptation of water policies is
becoming crucial at both national, regional and global levels.
Consider climate for planning water projects.

2. Panel about adaptation:
Size of infrastructure matters because it is linked to investment, local impacts and political decisions.
Climate models have changed during the last decades because climate change was not included by
scientists.
Also, local governments do not agree to be influenced by development agencies for infrastructures, they
raise their own funds and want to decide what they want to build.
Does resilience comes from local control or decentralized?
National level is supposed to decided for large scale project and local governance to analyse acceptability
of risks. Between regions, release of water and keeping water inside dams must be coordinated.
Ms Anette Tjomsland, FIVAS
52.000 dams contribute to more than 4% CO2 release in atmosphere.
Other participants
Resilience is supposed to embrace things "out of control", that's why local or central "control" is not exactly
appropriate.
Local governance may not have enough overview on national issues.
International Water Institute in Mali
Nature may provide the resilience because their are examples in Cameroun, Niger, Senegal where millions
of people depend on flood plains. They had to move from cities because they had no water services.
Ms Katleen Dominique OECD
Climate change adaptation is considered too late in project building for changing important characteristics
of infrastructures.
Sri Lanka have a sustainable way of managing natural collection of rain water and using cascade system. It
is not only considering what human being gain from the system that stands for 2500 years but also what
government finally avoid to invest in water management.
Because there is a long term issue about resilience at sustainability about water, policies may take into
account the need to adaptation has obligation. It is an immediate challenge for managing the future.
K16/17 Sanitation for all, the drive to 2015
Ms Therese DOOLEY, senior advisor at UNICEF.
- to end with open defecation
- United Nations are involved and urging any institution to raise awareness against open defecation.
Millennium Development Goal sanitation might be reached by joining efforts.
Ms Clarissa Brocklehurst
The sanitation working group, proposal and internal group work.
Started in January 2012, Washington DC.

3. Goals:
- universal access to fresh water
- by 2025, no-one practices open defecation
- by 2030, 80% have adequate sanitation facility
- by 2030, 50% of household excreta separated and stored properly.
Other monitoring items
Affordability, community-wide sanitation, public expenditure, discrimination and exclusion, progress
against the old "improved" definition.
Simple solution that can help stopping open defecation will benefit to 80 millions people.
Location of latrine is driving change to habits.
Also community latrines are a solution.
Mobilisation of communities through natural leaders is a success.
Water or sanitation, the debate will continue the next years.
Water sector will keep on receiving money.
Mr Sjef Ernes, Aqua for all.
There should be solutions to change habits by making the use of sanitation facilities more attractive.
Panellist from India
In India, the city of Bangalore have set-up a system which facilitate the use of human excreta in agriculture.
Re-use of excreta might be facilitate to create small businesses for use in fertilizer.
T5 Sanitation and water for all, seminar
Mr Darel Saywell, Plan International USA
Ms Heather Skilling, USAID
NPRI
- work hand in hand with governments
- spread activities that improve the sector
- fill the gaps, not disturbing the running projects
The key question: where do we start?
Mr Dominick De Wall
How to translate political commitment to the field action
-> how to allocate funds to the countries in need
the countries might be off track, local presence of coordinating demand, explicit and articulated demand
from government for NPRI -> support is eligible
Question from participant:
How to encourage? How to make things happen?
Does it need local demonstration?

4. Ms Clarissa Brockehurst, SWA secretariat.
The sector shows numerous actions on WASH, coordination and consolidation of projects.
The landscape might be monitored from National up to local figures, for partners, inputs, outputs,
outcomes.
Monitoring is key for analysing progresses.
Thanks to the monitoring SWA can have a stronger voice in negotiating with UN agencies.
Mr Robert Bos, WHO
Targets, indicators will be analysed during meetings with UNICEF to compare statistics to field
assessments.
Conclusion of the seminar
Highlight from groups:
- Access to water and finance, regional processes.
- Several commitment from HLM are difficult to track.
- Strong linkage of documentation with project monitoring.
- List of gaps and recommendations.
- Data collection at national level improvement and support.
Finally the speaker (DS) encourages any participant to be involved in progress.
K16/17 Water resources management
Taking points from Rio conference and discussing.
A survey was organized to know how many countries agreed on Integrated Water Resource Management.
Based on 70% countries that answered the questionnaire, the survey is analysing IWRM compared to
Human Development Indicator.
An interactive map allows to shows indicators thanks to your choice of parameters.
From Millennium Development goals to Sustainable Development goals.
How to set-up the monitoring scheme for specific Water Resource Management.
A panel will comment UN report on water
Mr Michel Jarraud, UN Water.
The report was created to inform about the survey and linked to the future. The report must be useful to
inform the progress and adapt to the new environment. There were no SDG's before Rio, but only MDG's.
Then there is a need to review the Water report process. All organisations that are participating the UN
water report work on definition of few Sustainable Development Goals that will cover various activities.
Dealing with natural disasters must be included because some of huge events are shaking the global
situation.
Ms Karen LEXEN, SIWI.
Organisations may communicate with governments without waiting for invitations. Advocacy may
influence decisions.

5. Mr Rashid Mbazira, African Union.
How to report the analysis in the context for implementing the projects?
There is no system and this is the main target actually.
Mr Jean Marie, Water net.
We see that Water is not a key issue in negotiation.
Answer: it is included but not in the same way.
UN water is appealing anybody who wants to share ideas for definition of SDG's and UN will be very
active for implementing the projects within IWRM.
Monday 27th
Plenary session, opening.
Started with children playing violins.
Also Art demonstration in air.
Opening stressing the importance of water in global development. Water and sanitation may be available to
anybody as it has tremendous affect on food security, health and family life.
New ideas and technologies may emerge from talks and workshop along the week. Support from city of
Stockholm, Swedish state, SIWI and private companies very important for organising the World Water
Week.
Disaster have showed how important is water in our daily life, improving access to water and food security
will change hundred of millions of lives.
Mayor of Stockholm welcomes people and remind the past of Stockholm being polluted and grey air
created by coal burning. The efforts made in Stockholm can be exported.
The Egyptian Minister for water and Irrigation is stressing that African continent needs to have better
access to fresh water and sanitation is still very weak. The financing gap is around thirty percent of the
whole African need.
The lack of water for food subsistence is leading to starvation while 3000 litre a day should be needed for
local production.
There are solutions for improving solutions and the total of families that would have correct sanitation and
access to fresh water.
Egypt is victim of water scarcity, and diverse effects of climate change as well as Africa as a whole.
The Minister is asking the developed world to think about changing habits for not pushing on actual
disastrous climate change impact on African families.
Director of FAO, G. Da Sylva, Brazilian Minister.
No food security without water security. Need is clear for fresh water. Agriculture is showing weak points
that may lead to real problems of food production. Agriculture need a lot of water and will be a key
question for water management. Small producers are the most producing force in the world. Better land and
water management to small producers required support from National and International levels.
Regional and Global stability depends on water availability.
Land and water can be degraded by adding chemicals for intense agriculture. Innovation is needed for poor
families and more efficient water management. Sustainability is not only a concern for producers but also
for consumers.

6. K23 Water Security and Climate Resilient Development
Egyptian Minister of water and irrigation, AMCOW's President.
Global water partnership to be implemented about water and climate program. It is the launch of technical
document of WSCRD. The guidance appeal organisations to work together in implementing the program.
How fast will we be affected by Climate change?
Scientific analysis must be the base of thinking about Climate change and actions to be made.
Prof Torkil Jonch Clausen, GWP forum.
Framework to provide a guidance on the development in investment, finance matters. A Climate change
investment is supposed to be good when Climate change happens. You can have a low regret investment, is
Climate change does not happen you did waste to much money. The framework is set-up to understand the
problem, identify and evaluate options, to implement the solutions and monitoring effects and keep going
on. Height pilots countries and five pilots basins, among 23 concerned countries.
Panellists
AMCOW expert, CAP net UNDP and GWP.
Africa have become an infrastructure continent. Resilience must be an important key point in projects. All
projects linked to water security must integrate Climate variation as a component.
The need is 8 billions of investment about water security on the African continent. Eliminating poverty is
the goal of water availability. Adaptation side and mitigation with CO2 low emission seems to be a
promising work.
CAP net want to emphasize the building capacity phase.
Relation between Egypt and Sudan is based on using the Nile river for cultivating rice in the Nile valley.
Trans boundaries programs, and identifying the most vulnerable populations are part of current way of
building projects.
K21 Water-Energy-Food security International basins nexus
Pr Jonas Bogardis.
Processes may take much time in elaborating the paperwork.
It is time and human resources consuming.
Water and food security projects may respect environmental conditions for improving population lives at
the same time.
Species, water quality, quantity needed, pollution of rivers must be taken into account.
Agro products are exported and create a virtual trade of water between continents.
The human food security is connected to availability around living areas and quality will influence on
health status.
The inter-boundaries basins are located in USA, Asia, Africa and middle-east. Basins are exporting their
products.
Mr Rick Lawford

7. Lake Winnipeg, sickest of Canada.
The lake is receiving debris from a lot of US cities and become polluted. Also agriculture brings chemical
residuals.
The water moving into the border is circulating from south to north.
Thursday 28th
T4 An eye on Asia
Pr Peter Rogers, Harvard University and NUS.
Urban population transition
Nutrition transition
Climate transition
Agricultural transition
Energy transition
Carbohydrate consuming is going down while fat is growing an protein is stagnate.
An average of 5 to 17% for greenhouse emission are cause by land turn into agriculture field.
Climate change/Global food needs and maximum food production are defining a safe zone triangle. The
situation is actually not in safe zone for global figures. The problem is to know how the society will adapt
solution for moving "gravitation CFP point" in the safe zone.
Ms Louise Whitings, FAO RAP.
Moving from unsustainable growth development to "green growth".
Malaysia example in peninsula river basins.
Kedah and Muda river basins.
When there was no competition in water use it was sustainable but water supply sector is know taking more
water from the resource than before, and more that agriculture. It leads to a none sustainable situation in
term of supplying agriculture and citizens with clean water.
Irrigation is still a priority by law, but it could change because of political support towards water supply
sector.
China is making huge improvement in water and food security by increasing agriculture land. It gives better
food supply to Chinese communities.
At large scale in Asia, a multi sectorial approach is needed to make coherent strategy. Bringing better
income for farmers in sectors of rice and other grain/staple producers is an important goal.
Mr V. Ratna Reddy, LNRMI India.
Role of watershed development in India.
Rain fed agriculture, Climate change and river basins are the main issues in this matter.
Hydro-geology and biophysical aspects might be integrated in watershed development.
Climate variability have an impact on watershed in river basins.

8. Opportunities to improve watershed research include farmers adaptation, multi sectorial involvement and
scientific work.
Consortium of Africare, Oxfam and WWF have published three reports:
www.panda.org
- Sustainable sugar-cane initiative,
- More rice with less water,
- More rice for people and more water for the planet.
T4 An eye on Asia
Pr Casey Brown, University of Massachusetts.
Conflicts
- low value or high value water users
- water management practice and Climate change
- economical quantifiable use of water
Consequences
Asia will not run out of water.
Current trend will lead to increasing conflicts.
Water cost will increase.
Does India have enough water?
Managing conflicts
Policy interventions can facilitate "orderly transitions"
Mr David Mc Coley, Asian development bank.
Food and water security in Changing climate.
Climate change might dominate things. Uncertainty.
Asia is vulnerable. Water and agriculture sector face specific risks. Familiar and "no regrets" actions, and
also new options. Responses to be made in infrastructures and agriculture sectors.
Asia and pacific will be four times more affected by disasters.
Water security will stress 1 billion people.
Climatological hazards, sea level rise on asian shores.
Rain, winds, floods, droughts, heat, fires, pest outbreaks (still to come).
Natural disasters make prices to rise.
Agriculture contribute from 17 to 32% in greenhouse gas emissions.
Water and agriculture sectors need responses about effects of climate change on food and availability.
Social and economic response matters: grain, crop, trade, funds, migrations.
Ms Luna Bharati, IWMI.

9. Environmental sustainable water availability in Asia.
When allocation becomes important, political decisions, objectives, users, accounting.
Water availability evaluation have not been done.
Environmental demand?
WWF India has a group of experts for assessment of environment flow. Will be done with sensitive
categories.
Quantifying the spiritual water requirement of Ganga (Depths and width). Culture, rituals linked to the
river.
Final goal of water allocation is to allow transparent and sustainable use of available water resource.
Mr Robert Meaney, Valmont industry.
Talk about import/export of food towards Asian countries.
Asia food demand will double by 2050.
India 62, China 60, USA 25 millions of hectares irrigated.
Irrigation is more efficient, more than 50% of water is used.
US farmers are mostly using rotating water (or linear) spread on cotton. Coffee in Brazil, pasture in New
Zealand. Sugar cane in tropical countries. 342.000 machines installed in the world.
The problem is how small farmers will use these machines?
Precision irrigation can help to bring the increase of production that Asia needs.
T3 Early warning system, an example for adapting agriculture.
Mr Martin Pasman, agriculture engineer, Argentina.
Irrigation studies in Argentinian borders in water scarce locations. Technology is used for irrigation in this
family run company. High efficiency of 90% of water spread on the field. More crops produced by
rotational systems called pivots than before with flood. Internet helps to connect data from soil and
humidity.
In some places there is no underground water, then it needs to improve the system. There is a need to
harvest more water inside the soil by allowing this rain water to get into the earth.
Early warning system is based on series of years, monthly and three days data about weather.
With Climate change it should be raining more in Argentina, but in maximum or medium data? Rain should
increase in the western Argentina. With less water it is possible to produce more crops because of a better
strategy for water to get into the soil.
What seeds to plant?
What period?
What variety?
How many seeds per hectare?
What fertilizer to apply?
It depends of drought, rain fall or uncertain climate variation.
Small farmers can use the water irrigation system from 10 hectares but it need 3 to 4 years to get financial
return.

10. Federation au Red Cross in Malawi have worked with farmers to understand Climate change. It was based
on farmer's experience and reminds about drought and rains.
Observing variation of water level by villagers helps to communicate the problem within villages about
water trouble. It is a dynamic way of monitoring Climate change effects and to prevent the population from
being victim of it.
29th Wednesday
T4 Efficiency on the food supply chain, Focus on Latin America.
Opening with several food and water managers from Latin America. Mr Felipe Carazo.
What about the supply chain in food industry?
Mr William Sarni, Delloite consulting, director and practice leader, enterprise water strategy.
Water efficiency in food supply chain in Latin America and Caribbean.
Beyond corporate social responsibility. From sustainability 1.0 to sustainability 2.0.
Energy relates to the water and food chains.
Food traceability, Resource scarcity, Rise of middle class, Energy security are main issues in this
presentation.
Farm to fork movement means that people wants to know where food comes from.
Grow revenue, to Reduce cost and to Reduce risk are factors of companies engagement.
Greater risk are creating greater opportunities and new partnership in order to have better solutions.
Water stewardship, internal operations, value chain business partners, watershed stakeholders.
Preservation, engagement and innovation are three areas of research for companies. Water technology funds
are in the middle of the game.
Physical, regulatory, reputational risks are big factors from production to product use.
Stakeholders take care about water.
Mr Christian Benucci, Pepsi co, South cone.
Innovation for potato sourcing.
Providing people with choice. Improvement of operational costs. Good for all is good for business.
Performance with purpose is a promise of Pepsi co.
Positive water balance, better water use and providing access to safe water.
Pepsi co has created a global sustainable agriculture policy.
Preserving the soil, organised water use on fields, labelled chemicals, energy management and food
storage, long term farm economic management, social investment inside communities are operational
targets.
The Rain Forest alliance http://www.rainforest-alliance.org
Have very similar commitment charter.
Since 2009, Pepsi co is searching to meet requirement of Rain Forest certification. In December 2011
potato plants are 100% certified.
Overall business targets are linked to better efficiency in supply chain and improving consumer choices
into sustainable offer.
Mr Greg Kock, Coca Cola Director of global water stewardship.
Sugar cane experience in Brazil. At overall level, Coca Cola wants to maintain a secure, sustainable supply
of agriculture ingredients. 3500 different products.

11. A goal in supply chain is to shorten the process of delivering by reducing operation through food traders.
Product to consumers as short as possible, it is a major shift.
It is including long term ingredient sourcing plan, improving farmer's life style amongst other goals.
Bonsucro is involved is better sugar cane supply chain, farm, mill and refining process. Bonsucro
certification is ensuring sustainability of this focus. Coca Cola has started to buy certified sugar cane.
Three main goals for water: source sustainability, run-off, efficiency. Pilot projects in various countries on
several continents. 1.53% Bonsucro certified land in Brazil.
Sra Maureen Ballestero,
Wants to start by highlight the fact to be on stage with large companies making business with food, water
and gives value to water management. Those meetings are usually organised among water professionals,
researchers and technicians. It is a valuable evolution that leads to a new focus on the subject.
It is now an evidence that everything is connected, Energy, water, food and business.
The poverty is still very present in South America and it will be affected by current decisions on water
issues by companies, governments.
Law about water will be a key question in Latin America because it is an issue of dealing with business,
pollution and use of water within all those countries. If no answer is given by Law, what are we talking
about down here?
Lunch session T4
Mr Rolando Martin, coordinador general CLOCSAS.
Confederacion latino americana de organizaciones communitarias de servicios de agua y saneamiento.
Community based water management inside.
Still 40 millions of people without access to fresh water and 125 without sanitation. Due to bad
management all the population do not get water and sanitation, even if the southern continent have good
water resources.
There are more than 80.000 community based water groups, with 40 millions fellows. The first
organisations were created 40 years ago.
Women are the most important key in water logistics.
Leadership in water management is increasing community life and projects. Water management is
important for daily life because this is the one that families are drinking.
Preservation of eco systems is important for rehabilitation of land, feeding of rivers, landscape.
There is a lack of expertise and water consulting. Also, even if there is a lot pilot projects there are not
enough professionals and a lack of information sharing.
Water is the main goal of those organisations, there is a wish to deal with water issue without government
support.
Responsibility in water management is also in paying costs and water culture helps preserving eco
systemas. http://wash-rural.ning.com
Mr Walter Lopez, Chiapas Sierra Madre, Mexico.
1998, 2005 and 2010 were major natural disasters.
Taking into account the strategy for sustainable development, all goals are linked to a better water
management by communities with central key of family subsistence.
Discovering the field is helping to understand the reality of natural water systems. Visits are benefiting to a
better analysis of water situation.
Also changing dates for spreading seeds of maize is creating a trouble for beans growing. It was a solution
coming from old culture of Mayas, but the Climate change is a threat on this system of maize-bean-
pumpkin agriculture within the same piece of land. (Mais frijoles calabaza)

12. Purifying water through a specific community plant is helping to reduce diarea.
When coffee washing is starting there is an increase of pollution or water. Burning of rural lands is not
encouraged.
Sport is used for providing management courses to the youth.
Global preservation of eco-systems is now in charge of communities taking account of their voice.
T4 Climate change linked to water and food security in the Americas.
Mr Colin Herron, opening.
Sr Jose Luis Luege Tamargo, CONAGUA.
The Climate change is actually affecting the reality of water situation. There is a goal of evaluating how
much water volume is needed for industry, population and other use.
The need could be higher because of the coming impact of Climate change, all studies will be used by
further international meetings about the region.
Mr Jurgen Mahlknecht, .
The science and academics are taking part in contributing to the reflections.
Ms Ania Grobicki, Global Water Partnership Sweden.
Water and adaptation to Climate change are recognise as a major threat to food security around the world.
Scientific and professionals are involved in finding solutions where Politicians and Diplomats may find
difficulties. 2600 partners in 80 countries are participating to Water and Climate resilience linked to water
security. How to make decisions within uncertain situation and invest without regrets?
UNFCCC, World Meteorological Organisation are working in the network. Tran-sectorial meeting will be
held in Peru about water agreements. Latin American water week in Chilli 2013.
Mr Colin Herron,
Global impact of Climate change on Latin America. Sea level rise, glacier retreat, droughts and flooding
increase.
Sr Oscar Lara Arechiga, congressman commission de agua, Mexico.
Flooding, frost and drought did hit Mexico.
Big flooding have produced 4 billions dollars damages to several states. Serious frosts have affected some
states where crop production were destroyed.
The northern part, starting at middle of the land was affected by extreme drought.
USA is actually affected by droughts and it is leading to increase of price for import into Mexico.
It is now 40% of corn that is used for biofuels production.
21 millions of Mexicans are living in food poverty.
Agriculture is and will remain a major goal of improvement in Mexico.
Sr Sanderson A. Medeiros Leitao, Climate Change, Brazil.
Investment in Brazil concerning agriculture. Sciences and technologies have seen important economic
results of support. Five priorities. National plan for acceleration of action plan. Strategic areas have been
identified.
Water resource system is called SINGREH and have been created some years after Water Week in
Stockholm. NGO's, Ministries, population have a voice on river basin management. Management,
Monitoring and Research are communicating for adapting to Climate change.

13. Tropical research and development is organised through EmBraPa, then exploring solution about producing
agricultural goods inside Brazil.
Adaptative procedures must be created to specific situation to each country.
Sr Gonzalo Leon, environmental advisor, fondation Chilli.
Water management and Climate change. The effect of changes are affecting human activities.
Water resource is important for human life in the main city of Santiago. The glacier is the main resource of
the dam from where the water is taken out.
Agriculture, forests and fish population are affected by the rise of temperature.
The national plan to fight Climate change is analysed on a global map. The rise of temperature is affecting
food security because it has direct link with cattle, fishes, wines and green production.
30th Thursday 2012
T6 Next goals for drinking water
Joint monitoring programme WHO and UNICEF for water and sanitation.
Mr Guy Hutton, UNICEF/WHO Joint Programme. www.wsinfo.org
Wash targets must be improved for incorporating Human Rights, from the "most bankable" to targets and
indicators for SDG goals.
There is actually a very long list of global global goals, targets and indicators.
WASH sector was under consultation for publishing a survey in September 2012. In October a second
document will be published. Finally, documentation will be ready for The Hague meeting. This work is
including consultation, coordination and monitoring.
In September 2013 documentation will be proposed to UNGA.
Mr Eddy Perez, World bank working group coordinator Washington DC, London.
The group have processed a work about overall goal, list of targets, definitions, sources of data, list of
parameters to monitor.
Universal use of sanitation that preserve safety and dignity by 2030.
Main goal is to stop open defecation, then, to develop adequate sanitation and finally, house excreta to be
stored and transported safely.
Indicators, percentage of sanitation in use and excreta in the field.
Ms Merri Weinger, USAID Hygiene working group USA.
Hand-washing, food hygiene, menstrual hygiene management.
Hygiene should be recognise as a goal for dignity, health.
Ensure universal access to hand-washing facilities. Prioritizing food hygiene in Policies and Strategies.
Women and adolescent girls could manage menstruation with privacy and dignity.
Indicators: households, schools, healthcare structures and birth facilities. Countries enforcing food safety
recommendations. Households with running water, soap and water where food is prepared. Schools and
health facilities with pragmatic menstrual management. Teachers and healthcare facilities that can answer
basic questions.
Mr Tom Slymaker, WATERAID.
Monitoring drinking water, overview and proposals.
watermonitoring2015.org
Safe, sustainable drinking water for all.
To make a short list of targets combining universal access to basic services. Focus on access at home.

14. Affordable and non-discriminatory accessibility.
Drinking water for everybody. Water service at home, in schools and health facilities. Sustainable water
management by institutions.
Indicators: availability, quality, accessibility and affordability.
Locations: Schools, health facilities, basic/intermediate/high targets. Also workplace, markets and houses.
Ms Catarina De Albuquerque, UN special rapporteur about Human Right to Safe drinking water and
sanitation.
Recommendations of the Equity and Non-discrimination.
Universality, equity, non-discrimination. It is a "for all" concept, but this not enough. It must be focused to
marginalized, discriminated, poor. It means differentiated solutions for the poorest, positive discrimination,
but it does not mean the same level of service for everybody.
It is a promise to improve access to water for the most disadvantaged groups and communities wherever
there are.
Surveys must be done also beyond the households.
JMP website reports are available for everybody.
Side event organised by the New York University.
Mr Gerard Payen, UNSGAB.
Remark about first part: the aim is not to reach a high level of service for everybody, everywhere but to
enable distribution of good quality water to those who are disadvantaged.
Round-table discussions:
- new generation indicators.
- roles, responsibilities and gaps at all levels.
- from technical to political process.
- monitoring of Human Rights.
Three points from every round-table:
- collecting information, water quality, monitoring systems, feasibility to collect data, global need compare
to national needs.
- global architecture of monitoring, regional/country level, surveys, country systems that are measuring
outputs, optimal use of the data, data not use with efficiency, country rooted monitoring system, indicator
for impacts, tool for monitoring, indicators linked to MDGs.
- addressing discrimination, basic access, water quality, disparity within households, integration of non
discrimination targets, to provide universal access. Basic level expectancies must be improved.
- looking at framing the content, having water goal can not be guaranteed, science possibility is not
followed by politician involvement, why should politician care?, framing equality, stake-holder's
engagement, exchanges within the network, refining messages, possible champions, countries can help the
process, health and education, political acceptability of goals, to be realistic with politics that want to be
elected.
- who we should connect to?, non water specialists water resource management complementarity,
competition in defining new indicators, work together for new targets, high level panel, friends of water, to
connect directly members of water groups, inviting groups into the UN group, water goals and targets with
Human Rights is responsibility of all group members, to explain the work through modern communication.
Mr Robert Bos.
To keep the convergence inside the group.

15. Mr Sanjay Wijesekera
Being involved in the thinking of process and goals, not only on reaching goals. Goals and targets are
measurable and clear. Must be measurable at global scale, it must have an analytical justification.
Consultation process include the WASH.
K21 Water-food nexus in the Himalayas and Andes
Mr Glenn Pearce-Oroz.
Concepts, mountains considered as regions.
Three examples: China, Nepal and Peru.
Dr Marcus Moench, ISET International.
Continuity and change.
Water-food security, science into planning and action.
From the low lands to the high lands. Water resource is the main effect will affect food security.
Climate change will have an effect on local agriculture, witch itself have importance for food-security.
Agriculture is increasingly more specialized. The system is very fragile. Transport, communication, energy
are impacting the environment.
Individuals and groups are organised by institutional media.
Institutions are constraining and enabling. Exposure to climate change. Implications for water and food
systems is that they are less linked that before.
Many non-local agents have influence on water-food availability. Resilience, incentives, changing nature of
institutions, relative role of local water and agriculture are keywords in this matter.
Dr Eklabya Sharma, ICIMOD.
Growing impact of Climate change in Mountains Regions.
Indukush context, energy water and food security issues.
40% of people in the world are depending in mountains.
Vital resources and growing vulnerabilities. Eight countries are part of Himalayas where 210 millions
people are living.
There will be an increase of rain fall during the rainy season.
60.000 sq km of glaciers in Himalayas.
Pasture land, agriculture and dried-up wetlands are affected by Climate change. Largest irrigated
agriculture. Groundwater is more used and level is decreasing. China, India and Nepal are working together
in adaptation to Climate change. The ground water pumping habit in India as a huge impact of Climate
change in the region. Rain falls have decreased from 10 to 17%.
Consequences of Climate change on water basins.
Dr Jianxin Mu, Yellow river basin research.
Population life style, economy and technology are linked to food and energy demand. Sediments witch are
present in the water has given its name to the river. Changes of flow and precipitation are not connected,
but Climate change might be the most important factor.
Withdrawal, inputs, groundwater and surface-water are four criteria of the study.
Mr Juan Jose Rodriguez, Nature Conservation.
Improving environment and sanitation in watershed.

16. Water funds and Latin America. Fresh water need is well none. Several species are natural indicators of
good water quality. 60% of diseases in Peru are linked to the water. Deforestation Highways, Mining,
Agriculture, livestock, urbanisation are the major threats in southern American context.
In Colombia, there is a reduction or water sediments by ten times, and local Industry is working on it to
make water cleaner. Water-funds are destinated to finance projects, operations costs, Trust Fund and Match
Funds.
Quito, Bogota, Lima get 10 M usd, 1.1 M usd and 900 M usd.
The definitions of priorities are decided with theoretical models.
Credible financial management is necessary.
Dr Ajaya Dixit, ISET Nepal.
Beyond the watershed, Institutions and systems across scales.
Six VDCs, the most local authorities, were chosen within a band going for low altitude to highest. The
highest altitude shows the most important increase of temperature.
The response to troubles are Preparation of adapting strategies, engage several level of authorities, choose
key issues to be solved, monitor and assess.