The document is a group assignment cover sheet for a marketing course at the University of South Australia. It contains details of the assignment such as the course code, title, program, and due date. It also lists the names and student IDs of the 6 students in the group, and includes a signed statement declaring the work as their own and authorizing plagiarism checks.
This document provides an analysis of Ocado entering the South Korean market. It begins with an introduction to Ocado and an explanation of why South Korea was chosen as the target market. It then performs a cross-cultural analysis of the UK and South Korea using Hofstede's cultural dimensions model to understand cultural differences. Finally, it proposes a market entry strategy for Ocado in South Korea, analyzing factors like SWOT, PESTLE, competitors and recommending product, branding and communication strategies. The overall aim is to evaluate how social and cultural factors influence consumer behavior and develop an appropriate marketing approach for Ocado's expansion.
Impact of emerging market characteristics on marketing programsprjpublications
This document discusses marketing challenges in emerging markets like India and China. It identifies three key characteristics of emerging markets: low incomes, variability in consumers and infrastructure, and relative cheapness of labor. These characteristics impact marketing programs in areas like segmentation, product, price, distribution, and communication. The document reviews literature on income inequality in India and China and discusses how differences in income levels, regional variation, and population trends present both opportunities and challenges for marketers in their strategies and programs in these emerging markets.
Import, Export and Economic Growth: the Case of Lower Income CountryIOSRJBM
Bangladesh is now considered as a lower middle-incomecountry by the blessing of international trade.Therefore, Bangladesh needs to take an effective policymaking decision in terms of international trade fortheirfurther development. Hence it is important to check whether Bangladesh needs more import or export for its further development. As a result, current research tries to see the relationship between import and GDP growth of Bangladesh by taking 32 years (1981-1992) of time series data.Relevant data were collected from the Bangladesh Bank website and World Bank Database. From the analysis, theresearcherconcludes that import is negatively related with GPD growth as well as GDP growth rate is also negatively related with Import.
Impact of exports on economic growth of ecowas countries a comparative analys...Jean Michel Kodjané
This document is a project report submitted in partial fulfillment of a Master of Business Administration degree. It examines the impact of exports on economic growth in ECOWAS countries through a comparative analysis. The report includes a declaration by the author, a certificate from the project supervisor, acknowledgements, table of contents, list of abbreviations and an abstract. It provides an overview of ECOWAS and profiles key member countries including Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde and Cote d'Ivoire. The report analyzes the composition and contribution of exports in these countries' economies.
This document provides an overview and analysis of Cambodia's garment industry and its impact on poverty reduction. It discusses the growth of garment production and exports. It examines the effects on employment, wages, economic growth, and human development. The garment industry has been very important for Cambodia's economy, accounting for over 75% of exports by 2005 and contributing to growth, but benefits have been unevenly distributed and working conditions are a concern.
Pattern and Determinants of Export Diversification in BangladeshMd. Moulude Hossain
This paper analyzes the pattern and the main determinants of
export diversification in Bangladesh. A large data set of Bangladesh export during the period of 1980-81 to 2006-07 has been used for this purpose. Three main indexes have been used to explore the trend of export concentration and these three indicators of export diversification were calculated to determine the trend of export from Bangladesh. The
Hirschman Index, the Ogive Index and the Entropy Coefficient were used to analyze the diversification pattern of export from Bangladesh. From the analyses, robust evidence has been found across the specifications and indicators that the export basket of Bangladesh has continued to remain relatively undiversified and the country has not been able to translate its
comparative advantage into competitive advantage. Further, this study reveals that the export growth and overall economic growth are highly correlated and a robust restructuring in trade policy is needed for gaining momentum in diversification of export in Bangladesh. The analyses show that exports at the intensive margin account for the most important share of
overall trade growth. At the extensive margin, geographic diversification is more important than product diversification, especially for developing countries. Taking part in free trade agreements, thereby reducing trade barrier and costs, development of infrastructure and communication, extensive financing for export and policies emphasizing the development of human capital is now the need of time for improving diversification of export.
- The document analyzes the relationship between export, import, and economic growth in Sri Lanka from 1970 to 2010.
- It finds that export and import have a significant positive relationship with each other and both have a significant impact on economic growth. Export and import are associated at 98%, indicating a strong positive association.
- The study uses time series analysis and regression analysis on data from 1970 to 2010. The results show export and import significantly influence economic growth in Sri Lanka.
This document provides an analysis of Ocado entering the South Korean market. It begins with an introduction to Ocado and an explanation of why South Korea was chosen as the target market. It then performs a cross-cultural analysis of the UK and South Korea using Hofstede's cultural dimensions model to understand cultural differences. Finally, it proposes a market entry strategy for Ocado in South Korea, analyzing factors like SWOT, PESTLE, competitors and recommending product, branding and communication strategies. The overall aim is to evaluate how social and cultural factors influence consumer behavior and develop an appropriate marketing approach for Ocado's expansion.
Impact of emerging market characteristics on marketing programsprjpublications
This document discusses marketing challenges in emerging markets like India and China. It identifies three key characteristics of emerging markets: low incomes, variability in consumers and infrastructure, and relative cheapness of labor. These characteristics impact marketing programs in areas like segmentation, product, price, distribution, and communication. The document reviews literature on income inequality in India and China and discusses how differences in income levels, regional variation, and population trends present both opportunities and challenges for marketers in their strategies and programs in these emerging markets.
Import, Export and Economic Growth: the Case of Lower Income CountryIOSRJBM
Bangladesh is now considered as a lower middle-incomecountry by the blessing of international trade.Therefore, Bangladesh needs to take an effective policymaking decision in terms of international trade fortheirfurther development. Hence it is important to check whether Bangladesh needs more import or export for its further development. As a result, current research tries to see the relationship between import and GDP growth of Bangladesh by taking 32 years (1981-1992) of time series data.Relevant data were collected from the Bangladesh Bank website and World Bank Database. From the analysis, theresearcherconcludes that import is negatively related with GPD growth as well as GDP growth rate is also negatively related with Import.
Impact of exports on economic growth of ecowas countries a comparative analys...Jean Michel Kodjané
This document is a project report submitted in partial fulfillment of a Master of Business Administration degree. It examines the impact of exports on economic growth in ECOWAS countries through a comparative analysis. The report includes a declaration by the author, a certificate from the project supervisor, acknowledgements, table of contents, list of abbreviations and an abstract. It provides an overview of ECOWAS and profiles key member countries including Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde and Cote d'Ivoire. The report analyzes the composition and contribution of exports in these countries' economies.
This document provides an overview and analysis of Cambodia's garment industry and its impact on poverty reduction. It discusses the growth of garment production and exports. It examines the effects on employment, wages, economic growth, and human development. The garment industry has been very important for Cambodia's economy, accounting for over 75% of exports by 2005 and contributing to growth, but benefits have been unevenly distributed and working conditions are a concern.
Pattern and Determinants of Export Diversification in BangladeshMd. Moulude Hossain
This paper analyzes the pattern and the main determinants of
export diversification in Bangladesh. A large data set of Bangladesh export during the period of 1980-81 to 2006-07 has been used for this purpose. Three main indexes have been used to explore the trend of export concentration and these three indicators of export diversification were calculated to determine the trend of export from Bangladesh. The
Hirschman Index, the Ogive Index and the Entropy Coefficient were used to analyze the diversification pattern of export from Bangladesh. From the analyses, robust evidence has been found across the specifications and indicators that the export basket of Bangladesh has continued to remain relatively undiversified and the country has not been able to translate its
comparative advantage into competitive advantage. Further, this study reveals that the export growth and overall economic growth are highly correlated and a robust restructuring in trade policy is needed for gaining momentum in diversification of export in Bangladesh. The analyses show that exports at the intensive margin account for the most important share of
overall trade growth. At the extensive margin, geographic diversification is more important than product diversification, especially for developing countries. Taking part in free trade agreements, thereby reducing trade barrier and costs, development of infrastructure and communication, extensive financing for export and policies emphasizing the development of human capital is now the need of time for improving diversification of export.
- The document analyzes the relationship between export, import, and economic growth in Sri Lanka from 1970 to 2010.
- It finds that export and import have a significant positive relationship with each other and both have a significant impact on economic growth. Export and import are associated at 98%, indicating a strong positive association.
- The study uses time series analysis and regression analysis on data from 1970 to 2010. The results show export and import significantly influence economic growth in Sri Lanka.
This document discusses the relationship between export and economic growth in Nigeria. It begins with an abstract noting that while some economists argue export competition improves productivity, others argue it can negatively impact local industries. The document aims to empirically test the relationship between export and GDP in Nigeria. It provides background on Nigeria's economic history, including a reliance on oil exports. It reviews theories on how export can impact growth, including Ricardo's comparative advantage model. Tables show Nigeria's weak manufacturing exports as a percentage of total exports. The document aims to analyze problems with Nigeria's exports and propose solutions to strengthen manufacturing exports and economic growth.
This report evaluates the opportunities for Ethicus, an Indian textile brand focused on sustainability, to enter the Japanese market. It analyzes Japan's textile, knitwear, apparel and home furnishing industries, finding opportunities in premium, high-quality products. Cultural ties between India and Japan are strong based on Buddhism, but quality concerns and delays hinder Indian exports. The report recommends Ethicus focus on high value-added products, establish a physical presence in Japan, and meet requirements for timely deliveries and Japanese language labeling to succeed in this competitive market.
Global marketing - Exporting Delifrance RTE meals to Vietnam marketCatherine Ann Pan
This document provides a global marketing plan for Délifrance Singapore Pte Ltd to expand their "Delicious" Beef Bolognaise Pasta product into Vietnam. It includes a PEST analysis of Vietnam's political, economic, social, and technological environment. It then details the core, packaging, and support components of the product. Finally, it proposes strategies for price, place (distribution), and promotion when launching the product in Vietnam. Annexes provide additional details on the product, packaging, pricing schemes, distribution, and promotional ideas.
A Study on Store Atmosphere in Grocery Retail Market at Tiruchirappalliijtsrd
Store atmosphere plays an important role in the retail market and also it is new concept to present the product with light, color, music, interior, exterior, fixtures and display. Store atmosphere is the way of presenting store by displaying the products to the customer. A proper store atmosphere help the store to increase the customer walk ins and in turn increase the sales of the product. The increase in competition has necessitated retailers to differentiate themselves from their competition Mr. Robinson. M | Shanmugapriya. P ""A Study on Store Atmosphere in Grocery Retail Market at Tiruchirappalli"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23668.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/23668/a-study-on-store-atmosphere-in-grocery-retail-market-at-tiruchirappalli/mr-robinson-m
This document summarizes a study on foreign direct investment (FDI) in the sugarcane industry in Laos. The study examines Laos' investment laws and the factors influencing investors' decisions to invest in Laos, particularly regarding sugarcane. It reviews literature on sugar industries in various countries. The methodology includes interviews with Thai sugar companies that have invested in Laos to understand the variables affecting their investments. The results indicate sugarcane is a major Laotian industry and Thai companies were attracted by land concessions and opportunities for contract farming with local laborers.
The survey found that most consumers support allowing FDI in retail in India. 84% said the government should open FDI restrictions and 72% supported requiring foreign retailers to reserve 50% of jobs for rural areas. Consumers believe FDI will benefit farmers (68%) and consumers (88%) by increasing competition and quality. However, 78% said it may negatively impact unorganized retailers. While opinions varied on other industries, many (41%) were unsure of impacts. Overall, consumers see benefits from FDI but also want policies to support local industries and jobs.
The Indian retail market is expected to grow significantly by 2023, with the apparel market making up 8% of total retail. Both apparel and accessories are in high demand. However, India's economic growth has slowed in recent years, dampening consumer spending. While India has a large young population, consumers have become more value-conscious. International retailers looking to enter India face challenges around infrastructure investment and local sourcing requirements. Changing consumer behaviors around time poverty, aspiration, value, and technology also impact the fashion market.
This document summarizes a research article about the level of employment in agriculture and its role in reducing long-term unemployment in Azerbaijan. It finds that agriculture has historically been one of the largest employers in Azerbaijan, accounting for 36-38.9% of employment from 2003-2019. It calculates Azerbaijan's long-term unemployment rate from 2005-2017 to be between 2.6-2.95% using official statistical data. The research also examines programs in other countries to combat long-term unemployment through increasing agricultural employment and proposes introducing training programs in Azerbaijan to help reduce unemployment.
The long-run relationship between exports and imports has been the subject of intensive research in developed and developing economies. This relationship is of importance due to the fact that it reflects the stability of foreign trade situation of a country. The main objective of this paper is to study and investigate the long-run relationship between exports and imports in Ghana’s economy. A time series econometric techniques of unit root tests, Johansen cointegration and error-correction mechanism were applied. Annual data for real exports and real imports for the period 2002 – 2015 were used. The results of ADF unit root tests suggest that the two variables export and imports are integrated of order one. Johansen cointegration test revealed that, a long-run cointegrating relationship exist between exports and imports in Ghana. The error-correction model found a long-run unidirectional causality from imports to exports. This means that the short run fluctuations between exports and imports are sustainable since, in the long run, they will eventually converge towards an equilibrium state. The study confirms that Ghana is not in violation of its international budget constraints, and macroeconomic policies have been effective in bringing exports and imports into a long-run equilibrium.
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzes the effects of international trade on economic growth in China. It begins with an overview of China's rapid economic growth and integration into the global economy. It then reviews literature showing that international trade can positively impact productivity and growth. The paper aims to examine these effects in China through econometric and non-parametric analysis of panel data from 2002-2007. It finds that increasing trade volume and high-tech exports led to productivity gains across Chinese regions, with eastern regions developing most due to greater trade participation.
The document summarizes the status of China's retail industry from 2010-2011 based on an industry report. It analyzes key sectors like general merchandise, supermarkets, home appliances, gold/jewelry, clothing, and food. It finds that China's top 100 retailers saw rapid revenue growth of 21.2% in 2010. Foreign-funded supermarket and appliance chains also expanded significantly in China during this period.
This document summarizes government policies regarding the retail sector in India and other countries. It finds that while governments initially aimed to modernize retail sectors by promoting supermarkets, they later adopted dual policies that supported both organized retail chains and traditional unorganized retailers through capital and regulatory support. Regulations vary across countries, with some strictly limiting foreign retailers while others take a more hands-off approach. Overall, governments provide assistance to domestic retail sectors while balancing the growth of organized and unorganized retail.
Globalization can increase production and manufacturing excellence as companies face international competition. However, it also leads to job losses in some countries as production shifts overseas. Economic downturns have also increased protectionism and nationalism as countries try to protect local industries from foreign competition. When expanding internationally, companies must consider factors such as cultural differences, government policies, competition and purchasing power in foreign markets to successfully implement strategies and alliances globally.
Effect of Training Participation, Entrepreneurship Motivation and Market Acce...inventionjournals
This study purpose is to find the direct effect of training participation, entrepreneurship motivation and market access ability on sales performance of Karawo Craftsmen in Gorontalo Province; and training participation and entrepreneurship motivation on market access ability of Karawo Craftsmen in Gorontalo Province. This study was conducted in five districts/cities in Gorontalo Province, namely Gorontalo District, Bone Bolango District, North Gorontalo District, Pohuwato District and Gorontalo City. The 170 respondents are selected by Proportional Random Sampling method. The data is analyzed by multiple regressions. The research result can be explained as follow. training participation, entrepreneurship motivation and market access ability directly have positive effect on sales performance of Karawo Craftsmen in Gorontalo Province. Training participation and entrepreneurship motivation directly have positive effect on market access ability of Karawo Craftsmen in Gorontalo Province.
China retailing industry market forecast and investment strategy planning rep...Qianzhan Intelligence
The document provides an overview and analysis of the China Retailing Industry market from 2013 to 2017. It covers topics such as the development environment, status, major product markets, and regional markets of the China Retailing Industry. The key findings are:
1. The competition in the Retailing Industry is intensifying with frequent mergers and capital operations among large retailers. Leading Chinese retailers are placing more emphasis on in-depth industry and customer research.
2. The report provides a comprehensive analysis of the Retailing Industry using market data tracked over the long term and international analysis models. It covers areas such as development trends, investment prospects, and operations of leading companies.
3. The most significant features of the report
Este documento proporciona instrucciones paso a paso para hacer una fofucha (muñeca de goma eva) incluyendo cómo hacer la cabeza usando una bola de plumafon, goma eva y silicona, el cuerpo usando más goma eva y plumafon, los zapatos cortando porexpán y pegándolo con goma eva, y el vestido haciendo un cono de goma eva. Finalmente se usa pintura acrílica para dibujar detalles como ojos y nariz.
This document provides standards for electrical engineering systems in GSA public buildings. It discusses general design approaches, applicable codes and standards, commissioning requirements, and guidelines for placing electrical and communications systems within buildings. Standards are provided for horizontal and vertical distribution of power and communications infrastructure, including separate pathways for different systems. Commissioning practices are to be coordinated between the electrical engineer and other project roles to test programmed performance goals.
This study evaluated the safety of rambutan rind extract (RRE) in male rats. In the acute toxicity study, the lethal dose (LD50) of RRE was found to be greater than 5000 mg/kg. Significant decreases in body weight gain and food consumption were observed at doses above 1000 mg/kg. In the sub-chronic toxicity study, no mortality or signs of toxicity were observed at doses up to 1000 mg/kg/day for 30 days. At 2000 mg/kg/day, the mortality rate was 12.5%. Significant decreases in body weight gain, food consumption, and plasma triglyceride and blood urea nitrogen levels were observed. Histopathological examination found no changes
This document provides an overview of the band instruments taught at Terrace Community Middle School. It describes the four instrument families - woodwind, brass, percussion, and string. For each instrument, it details how the sound is produced, how the instrument is held, and any other instruments the student may learn after studying for a certain number of years. It aims to help students choose which instrument to play by explaining what each instrument entails.
Dr. Machelle Beilke, a former principal, has been volunteering in Zambia to help improve education. During a sabbatical 10 years ago, she visited community schools in Lusaka, Zambia and developed a passion for helping their students. Since 2011, she has been returning to Zambia with her husband to provide teacher training, but found that extended coaching would be more effective. Last year, she resigned her principal position to spend the current academic year in Zambia modeling lessons, mentoring teachers, and working to develop sustainable support for teacher retention and instructional quality in community schools.
The document provides step-by-step instructions for installing Windows 7 on a personal computer. It outlines 20 steps for installing Windows 7, including entering the BIOS, booting from the Windows 7 DVD, selecting language and time settings, accepting license terms, selecting an installation type, installing Windows files and features, and completing setup. The instructions state that the Windows 7 installation process is easy for technicians to follow.
This document discusses the relationship between export and economic growth in Nigeria. It begins with an abstract noting that while some economists argue export competition improves productivity, others argue it can negatively impact local industries. The document aims to empirically test the relationship between export and GDP in Nigeria. It provides background on Nigeria's economic history, including a reliance on oil exports. It reviews theories on how export can impact growth, including Ricardo's comparative advantage model. Tables show Nigeria's weak manufacturing exports as a percentage of total exports. The document aims to analyze problems with Nigeria's exports and propose solutions to strengthen manufacturing exports and economic growth.
This report evaluates the opportunities for Ethicus, an Indian textile brand focused on sustainability, to enter the Japanese market. It analyzes Japan's textile, knitwear, apparel and home furnishing industries, finding opportunities in premium, high-quality products. Cultural ties between India and Japan are strong based on Buddhism, but quality concerns and delays hinder Indian exports. The report recommends Ethicus focus on high value-added products, establish a physical presence in Japan, and meet requirements for timely deliveries and Japanese language labeling to succeed in this competitive market.
Global marketing - Exporting Delifrance RTE meals to Vietnam marketCatherine Ann Pan
This document provides a global marketing plan for Délifrance Singapore Pte Ltd to expand their "Delicious" Beef Bolognaise Pasta product into Vietnam. It includes a PEST analysis of Vietnam's political, economic, social, and technological environment. It then details the core, packaging, and support components of the product. Finally, it proposes strategies for price, place (distribution), and promotion when launching the product in Vietnam. Annexes provide additional details on the product, packaging, pricing schemes, distribution, and promotional ideas.
A Study on Store Atmosphere in Grocery Retail Market at Tiruchirappalliijtsrd
Store atmosphere plays an important role in the retail market and also it is new concept to present the product with light, color, music, interior, exterior, fixtures and display. Store atmosphere is the way of presenting store by displaying the products to the customer. A proper store atmosphere help the store to increase the customer walk ins and in turn increase the sales of the product. The increase in competition has necessitated retailers to differentiate themselves from their competition Mr. Robinson. M | Shanmugapriya. P ""A Study on Store Atmosphere in Grocery Retail Market at Tiruchirappalli"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23668.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/23668/a-study-on-store-atmosphere-in-grocery-retail-market-at-tiruchirappalli/mr-robinson-m
This document summarizes a study on foreign direct investment (FDI) in the sugarcane industry in Laos. The study examines Laos' investment laws and the factors influencing investors' decisions to invest in Laos, particularly regarding sugarcane. It reviews literature on sugar industries in various countries. The methodology includes interviews with Thai sugar companies that have invested in Laos to understand the variables affecting their investments. The results indicate sugarcane is a major Laotian industry and Thai companies were attracted by land concessions and opportunities for contract farming with local laborers.
The survey found that most consumers support allowing FDI in retail in India. 84% said the government should open FDI restrictions and 72% supported requiring foreign retailers to reserve 50% of jobs for rural areas. Consumers believe FDI will benefit farmers (68%) and consumers (88%) by increasing competition and quality. However, 78% said it may negatively impact unorganized retailers. While opinions varied on other industries, many (41%) were unsure of impacts. Overall, consumers see benefits from FDI but also want policies to support local industries and jobs.
The Indian retail market is expected to grow significantly by 2023, with the apparel market making up 8% of total retail. Both apparel and accessories are in high demand. However, India's economic growth has slowed in recent years, dampening consumer spending. While India has a large young population, consumers have become more value-conscious. International retailers looking to enter India face challenges around infrastructure investment and local sourcing requirements. Changing consumer behaviors around time poverty, aspiration, value, and technology also impact the fashion market.
This document summarizes a research article about the level of employment in agriculture and its role in reducing long-term unemployment in Azerbaijan. It finds that agriculture has historically been one of the largest employers in Azerbaijan, accounting for 36-38.9% of employment from 2003-2019. It calculates Azerbaijan's long-term unemployment rate from 2005-2017 to be between 2.6-2.95% using official statistical data. The research also examines programs in other countries to combat long-term unemployment through increasing agricultural employment and proposes introducing training programs in Azerbaijan to help reduce unemployment.
The long-run relationship between exports and imports has been the subject of intensive research in developed and developing economies. This relationship is of importance due to the fact that it reflects the stability of foreign trade situation of a country. The main objective of this paper is to study and investigate the long-run relationship between exports and imports in Ghana’s economy. A time series econometric techniques of unit root tests, Johansen cointegration and error-correction mechanism were applied. Annual data for real exports and real imports for the period 2002 – 2015 were used. The results of ADF unit root tests suggest that the two variables export and imports are integrated of order one. Johansen cointegration test revealed that, a long-run cointegrating relationship exist between exports and imports in Ghana. The error-correction model found a long-run unidirectional causality from imports to exports. This means that the short run fluctuations between exports and imports are sustainable since, in the long run, they will eventually converge towards an equilibrium state. The study confirms that Ghana is not in violation of its international budget constraints, and macroeconomic policies have been effective in bringing exports and imports into a long-run equilibrium.
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzes the effects of international trade on economic growth in China. It begins with an overview of China's rapid economic growth and integration into the global economy. It then reviews literature showing that international trade can positively impact productivity and growth. The paper aims to examine these effects in China through econometric and non-parametric analysis of panel data from 2002-2007. It finds that increasing trade volume and high-tech exports led to productivity gains across Chinese regions, with eastern regions developing most due to greater trade participation.
The document summarizes the status of China's retail industry from 2010-2011 based on an industry report. It analyzes key sectors like general merchandise, supermarkets, home appliances, gold/jewelry, clothing, and food. It finds that China's top 100 retailers saw rapid revenue growth of 21.2% in 2010. Foreign-funded supermarket and appliance chains also expanded significantly in China during this period.
This document summarizes government policies regarding the retail sector in India and other countries. It finds that while governments initially aimed to modernize retail sectors by promoting supermarkets, they later adopted dual policies that supported both organized retail chains and traditional unorganized retailers through capital and regulatory support. Regulations vary across countries, with some strictly limiting foreign retailers while others take a more hands-off approach. Overall, governments provide assistance to domestic retail sectors while balancing the growth of organized and unorganized retail.
Globalization can increase production and manufacturing excellence as companies face international competition. However, it also leads to job losses in some countries as production shifts overseas. Economic downturns have also increased protectionism and nationalism as countries try to protect local industries from foreign competition. When expanding internationally, companies must consider factors such as cultural differences, government policies, competition and purchasing power in foreign markets to successfully implement strategies and alliances globally.
Effect of Training Participation, Entrepreneurship Motivation and Market Acce...inventionjournals
This study purpose is to find the direct effect of training participation, entrepreneurship motivation and market access ability on sales performance of Karawo Craftsmen in Gorontalo Province; and training participation and entrepreneurship motivation on market access ability of Karawo Craftsmen in Gorontalo Province. This study was conducted in five districts/cities in Gorontalo Province, namely Gorontalo District, Bone Bolango District, North Gorontalo District, Pohuwato District and Gorontalo City. The 170 respondents are selected by Proportional Random Sampling method. The data is analyzed by multiple regressions. The research result can be explained as follow. training participation, entrepreneurship motivation and market access ability directly have positive effect on sales performance of Karawo Craftsmen in Gorontalo Province. Training participation and entrepreneurship motivation directly have positive effect on market access ability of Karawo Craftsmen in Gorontalo Province.
China retailing industry market forecast and investment strategy planning rep...Qianzhan Intelligence
The document provides an overview and analysis of the China Retailing Industry market from 2013 to 2017. It covers topics such as the development environment, status, major product markets, and regional markets of the China Retailing Industry. The key findings are:
1. The competition in the Retailing Industry is intensifying with frequent mergers and capital operations among large retailers. Leading Chinese retailers are placing more emphasis on in-depth industry and customer research.
2. The report provides a comprehensive analysis of the Retailing Industry using market data tracked over the long term and international analysis models. It covers areas such as development trends, investment prospects, and operations of leading companies.
3. The most significant features of the report
Este documento proporciona instrucciones paso a paso para hacer una fofucha (muñeca de goma eva) incluyendo cómo hacer la cabeza usando una bola de plumafon, goma eva y silicona, el cuerpo usando más goma eva y plumafon, los zapatos cortando porexpán y pegándolo con goma eva, y el vestido haciendo un cono de goma eva. Finalmente se usa pintura acrílica para dibujar detalles como ojos y nariz.
This document provides standards for electrical engineering systems in GSA public buildings. It discusses general design approaches, applicable codes and standards, commissioning requirements, and guidelines for placing electrical and communications systems within buildings. Standards are provided for horizontal and vertical distribution of power and communications infrastructure, including separate pathways for different systems. Commissioning practices are to be coordinated between the electrical engineer and other project roles to test programmed performance goals.
This study evaluated the safety of rambutan rind extract (RRE) in male rats. In the acute toxicity study, the lethal dose (LD50) of RRE was found to be greater than 5000 mg/kg. Significant decreases in body weight gain and food consumption were observed at doses above 1000 mg/kg. In the sub-chronic toxicity study, no mortality or signs of toxicity were observed at doses up to 1000 mg/kg/day for 30 days. At 2000 mg/kg/day, the mortality rate was 12.5%. Significant decreases in body weight gain, food consumption, and plasma triglyceride and blood urea nitrogen levels were observed. Histopathological examination found no changes
This document provides an overview of the band instruments taught at Terrace Community Middle School. It describes the four instrument families - woodwind, brass, percussion, and string. For each instrument, it details how the sound is produced, how the instrument is held, and any other instruments the student may learn after studying for a certain number of years. It aims to help students choose which instrument to play by explaining what each instrument entails.
Dr. Machelle Beilke, a former principal, has been volunteering in Zambia to help improve education. During a sabbatical 10 years ago, she visited community schools in Lusaka, Zambia and developed a passion for helping their students. Since 2011, she has been returning to Zambia with her husband to provide teacher training, but found that extended coaching would be more effective. Last year, she resigned her principal position to spend the current academic year in Zambia modeling lessons, mentoring teachers, and working to develop sustainable support for teacher retention and instructional quality in community schools.
The document provides step-by-step instructions for installing Windows 7 on a personal computer. It outlines 20 steps for installing Windows 7, including entering the BIOS, booting from the Windows 7 DVD, selecting language and time settings, accepting license terms, selecting an installation type, installing Windows files and features, and completing setup. The instructions state that the Windows 7 installation process is easy for technicians to follow.
Safe winter driving requires preparation and caution on the roads. Drivers should get their vehicle serviced before winter, slowly accelerate and brake to avoid skidding on snow and ice, and keep a winter survival kit in case of emergency. It is important to drive slowly, increase following distance for better visibility and traction, and ensure key parts like the battery and antifreeze are in good condition for safe winter driving.
ICT Mediated Community Water Management & Decision MakingRajat Kumar
Community based water resource management is a valuable tool that strives to sustain and improve environmental health through a natural resource management approach that integrates locally driven initiatives. It seeks to bring together stakeholders to identify issues, needs & strategies; integrate social, economic & ecological concerns towards generating comprehensive solutions. The increasing penetration of Information & Communication Technologies (ICTs) presents a great potential for communities to connect with government officials, policy makers and other relevant stakeholders that would have; under normal circumstances; been inaccessible for them. What is important is that this ease of sharing information through ICTs should also decrease the time taken for members in a community to acquire equal knowledge about the issue at hand and to encourage faster collaboration & quicker and more informed decision making about these community water resources.
This paper seeks to examine this claim by examining literature and feedback from the “Neerjaal” portal, developed by the Digital Empowerment Foundation in association with Social Work Resource Centre and the Barefoot College, in Rajasthan.
Challenging South Australian Myths about China - Engaging with the Rising Eco...Glen Wheatley
Summary presentation of the 2011 White Paper outlining the economic engagement of South Australia with China. It was the first comprehensive investigation of the economic ties and was a precursor for a comprehensive China strategy.
The document discusses Thailand's food industry and opportunities for investment. Some key points:
- Thailand ranks 12th globally in food exports and aims to be top 5 within 20 years. The food industry contributed $30 billion to GDP in 2018.
- Thailand has abundant agricultural resources and is a top global producer of many commodities like rice, cassava, and canned foods. The government is promoting innovation and high-value products.
- Food Innopolis is a hub located near Bangkok that supports R&D, industry links, and provides services to facilitate investment within 24 hours. It collaborates with universities and companies.
- The BOI provides tax incentives like corporate tax exemptions for up to 8
This document provides a global marketing plan for introducing the Korean cosmetic brand IOPE into the Australian market. It begins with an executive summary and overview of the company and product. It then analyzes the political, economic, sociocultural and technological environment in Australia. Market segmentation identifies primary and secondary target segments. Objectives are to increase sales and market share while elevating the brand. Strategies address product positioning, pricing, distribution, and promotional communication tactics to successfully launch IOPE in Australia.
CCCUL3T1 Business Studies With Foundation.docxwrite31
This document provides a summary of IKEA, including its history, business model, operations in the UK, and corporate social responsibility activities. It analyzes IKEA's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats through a SWOT analysis. It also performs a PESTLE analysis of the political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors affecting IKEA in the UK. The document recommends a democratic leadership style would be best suited for IKEA given its focus on communication and employee participation. It discusses how IKEA addresses weaknesses and threats through strengths like clear vision and relationships with suppliers. The summary concludes IKEA has effectively integrated CSR into its business through proactive initiatives to address social and environmental issues.
The document provides information about Japan's economy and political factors. It discusses Japan's status as the third largest economy in the world but one that is highly dependent on exports and vulnerable to external shocks. It notes that while Prime Minister Abe's economic reforms have helped growth, public debt remains very high and population aging is a concern. Key political factors discussed include Japan's stable one-party rule by the LDP and influence of bureaucratic ministries.
The document discusses China's economic development and unemployment rate. It notes that China experienced rapid economic growth after economic reforms in 1978. China joined the WTO in 2001 and became the world's factory due to its large labor force and resources. In 2009, China surpassed Japan to become the second largest economy in the world. However, China still faces issues of inflation and uneven income distribution between urban and rural workers, with average wages remaining below international standards. High inflation has impacted social welfare.
The document discusses China's economic development and unemployment rate. It notes that China experienced rapid economic growth after economic reforms in 1978. China joined the WTO in 2001 and became the world's factory due to its large labor force and resources. In 2009, China surpassed Japan to become the second largest economy in the world. However, inflation increased to its highest level from 2009 to 2011 despite government efforts. While China has high GDP growth, its average worker income remains below international standards, and economic development has not always benefited workers.
Running head: UNIT IV COURSE PROJECT 1
UNIT IV COURSE PROJECT 3
Unit IV Course Project
Country Analysis: Essay
The United Kingdom is one of the leading nations regarding development. Apple Company is going to enjoy success in the region. The decision by the firm to move in the geographical area is the best to increase market share. Moving to a new area, there are various challenges that face an organization that needs to be dealt with to make the organization achieve its objectives. Apple Company needs to utilize multiple strategies to succeed in the market. One of the ways is the protection of the company information as one of the priority. The firm has set various measures to ensure the data generated is secure and confidential.
One of the methods used is the adoption of biometric. Biometric is used to secure companies operations and improve the level of confidentiality in the entire organization. By doing so, the company ensures there is no copyright of products. The deficit is the annual amount the government borrows to meet the shortfall in the tax and the total amount spent by the government. In the year 2016/2017 United Kingdom had a balanced deficit of £45 billion which is equivalent to 2.3 % percent. In other times the nation has managed to run a surplus budget. The first time the UK government had a surplus budget is 2001 which was approximate £17 billion. The deficit in the UK budget is associated with the following term. The current budget, cyclical budget deficit, public sector net cash among others (Pettinger, 2017). The following factors cause potential corruption and crises. They include political stability, law, government matters, and interdisciplinary approach. In 2008, the nation was faced by global financial crises which hit hard on the economy. The crises caused the following that is high customer debts, economic slowdown, falling off the home prices among others.
Currency structure
The United Kingdom has a different currency to the United States. The same goes for valuation and it is something that affects the organization. Apple Company has to consider UK currency valuation to that of the United States. The national currency is pound sterling. British money is the one currently dominating the world. The currency structure in the United Kingdom favor Apple Company operations. However, the British currency is superior to that of other countries.
Institutional factors
The UK is one of the leading trading power which is enabled by financial centers in the world. Its economy depends mainly on industrialization and agricultural product. It is currently among the fifth largest economy in the world. The size of its economy is based on its high value of GDP which is a total of $3.04 trillion (Khan, 2015). Central Banks mainly g.
International Business is considered as an effective approach of selling the products and services across the world. Read this document to know about different market strategies.
The document provides an analysis of entering the Chinese market for The Honest Company, an American brand known for natural baby and household products. It examines the company's current strategy, the Chinese situational context, and develops a market entry strategy. Key points include:
- China represents an opportunity for growth given its large middle class and demand for environmentally friendly products.
- The cultural, economic, social and technological landscape in China is different than the US and must be understood.
- A market entry strategy is proposed focusing on key online and retail channels as well as adapting the marketing mix (product, price, place, promotion).
This document discusses key considerations for doing business in China. It notes that China has experienced rapid economic growth and become an important global market. While China presents opportunities, foreign investors must navigate a complex business environment with different cultural norms and regulations. Success requires a long-term commitment, local partnerships, and understanding Chinese consumers and business practices.
The document discusses the business environment in China by examining the economic, political, and cultural factors that influence business practices. It summarizes that China has a huge potential market but also poses risks due to differences in its political system and culture. The economy has grown significantly through foreign investment and trade, though challenges remain around infrastructure, currency policy, and human rights issues. Understanding these environmental factors is important for foreign businesses operating in China.
International Business Capstone Project FinishedJeffrey Thompson
White Oak Lavender Farm is looking to expand its lavender product sales to Japan. Currently, the family-owned farm in Virginia sells a variety of lavender products domestically through retail and online. Management believes expanding into foreign markets could ensure future success. Japan was chosen as the target country due to its large imported lavender products market and low domestic production. Specifically, White Oak plans to sell its Essential Oil Roller, Lavender Facial Cleanser and Moisturizer in Japan through a wholesale distributor, targeting the country's largest cosmetics market. The document provides an analysis of Japan's demographics, politics, economy, culture and trade relations to support this expansion plan.
Chapter 5 How Managers Use Balance of Payments Data – p.213Do.docxrobertad6
Chapter 5: How Managers Use Balance of Payments Data – p.213
Do some research on the items in the table below and see if you see a pattern with the various country’s economies:
1. What is the G7?
2. What is the E7?
G7 Countries
Continent where the country lies
GDP
Ease of Doing Business
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
NOTE: When you find the GDP (Gross National Product) note the year – you may not have 2018 statistics. That is okay –find the latest data available. You may need to search for the Ranking of Ease of Doing Business – and then find the countries that make up the G7 or the E7.
NEXT PAGE!
E7 Countries
Continent where the country lies
GDP
Ease of Doing Business
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
A. Compare the 2 groups of countries – explain your findings.
Globalization Effects on Country Institutions, People and Business
Chapter 3
Key Points for the Chapter
Economic development comprises positive economic growth and entails changes in a country’s political, economic, and cultural institutions, as well as in individual values, attitudes, and behaviors.
Economic development requires resources from public and private sectors, both internal and external.
Technology transfers by international corporations comprise manufacturing technologies, management organizations, and marketing know-how.
Intro: The Economic Development Process
Economic development is the progress countries make in living standards as they experience positive economic growth and the changes occurring in societal and cultural institutions and values as nations move toward more advanced stages of industrialization.
Economic progress demonstrates human progress, and more pragmatically, it keeps politicians in power, companies busy, and consumers (and voters) optimistic about the future.
Technology Transfers
International trade, investments, and global media have opened world markets up to a variety of modernizing influences.
In general terms, technology transfers occur as corporations enter new markets with products, technologies, lifestyles, and business methods developed in their home and other international markets.
Technology transfers first affect urban segments of developing countries where there are developed infrastructures and pocket of economically significant customers.
As media become commercialization and distribution channels are built into rural areas, greater proportions of developing-country populations come into contact with modernization influences.
4
Positive Effects
Positive effects occur as societies are exposed to broad varieties of products that make lives easier.
Convenience products such as packaged foods, and consumer durables such as refrigerators, radios, televisions, and stoves have positive effects on consumer lifestyles.
New technologies in manufacturing and distribution make products cheaper and more widely available. They provide employment opportunities for lo.
This document summarizes Thailand's performance in the latest Global Competitiveness Index published by the World Economic Forum. The key points are:
- Thailand improved in the rankings, moving up two spots to 38th place out of 140 economies assessed. This places it third among ASEAN countries.
- Thailand scored 67.5 out of 100, higher than its 2017 score and the world average. It performed best in the pillars of Financial System, Market Size, and Business Dynamism, ranking in the top 25 for each.
- While the assessment methodology was updated, focusing on 12 pillars of productivity and the impact of Industry 4.0, the US topped the rankings followed by Singapore and Germany.
Thailand is positioning itself as a global food innovation hub by investing 10 billion baht in a Food Innopolis Project. The Thai food industry contributes 23% to GDP and food exports were 897 billion baht in 2015, led by rice, sugar, chicken, tuna and shrimp. Thailand has strengths such as year-round production, food expertise, quality workforce and standards. The government aims to support innovation and link private sectors through the Food Innopolis to grow in the global market. Thailand also has a flourishing halal industry valued at 200 billion baht annually, and the government has a 5-year plan to become a top 5 exporter of halal products and services.
Jameson whiskey wants to launch its brand in China. China represents a huge market opportunity due to its large and growing population and economy. While facing competition from domestic baijiu brands, the popularity of foreign spirits is increasing among younger Chinese consumers who see them as a luxury. The distribution of spirits is dominated by retail outlets like supermarkets. Jameson will need to build brand awareness through marketing and build relationships with distributors to succeed in the Chinese market.
The document discusses the four Asian tiger economies - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. It describes how they rapidly industrialized and grew their economies through a focus on exports, educated populations, and high savings rates. The tiger economies withstood economic crises and have served as models for other developing countries. They benefited from trade, education investments, and prudent fiscal policies that supported strong recoveries from economic downturns.
The document discusses plans to open a textile manufacturing business in Japan. It provides background on Japan's economy and textile industry. The textile industry in Japan is highly developed but faces competition from cheaper imports. Opening a textile business in Japan offers benefits like high profit margins and demand for high quality products. The plan is to register as a limited liability company and manufacture high quality clothing inspired by traditional kimono designs. The business will be located in Tokyo to access the large customer base. It will focus on serving women with formal and semi-formal wear priced between 2000-2500 yen.
With this market report, you’ll be able to explore in detail the changing shape and potential of the industry. You will now be able to plan and build strategy on real industry data and projections.
1. UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA
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Student Name (Print clearly) UniSA Email ID
1. Pei Gin Lim 110030218 Limpy021@mymail.unisa.edu.au
2. Pak Yin Lee 110051446 Leepy025@mymail.unisa.edu.au
3. Wai Pang Cheung 110052433 Chewy096@mymail.unisa.edu.au
4. Chan ho hin 100085177 Chahy078@mymail.unisa.edu.au
5. Ka HO Wu 100103068 Wuyky014@mymail.unisa.edu.au
6. @mymail.unisa.edu.au
Course code and title: MARK 3005 International Marketing
Program Code: DBIB School: School of Commerce
Day, Time & Location of Tutorial/Practical: Thursday 4-5pm CWE-GK2-15
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2. Pak Yin Lee 26 October 2011
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Introduction
The product that we are going to expand through the international market is Haigh’s Chocolates. Haigh’s
Chocolates is the oldest family-owned chocolate manufacturing retailer in Australia since 1915 which
provide varieties of high quality chocolate products to customers in Australia and the company was
founded in Adelaide, South Australia (Haigh’s Chocolates 2011). The reason that we chosen Haigh’s
2. Chocolates as our strategic goods is that there are different types of chocolate product especially the
hand-made chocolate with the combination of fruits and nuts such as macadamia nuts. Australia has a
great worldwide reputation of growing the finest quality of macadamia nuts therefore this can be one of
the way to attract consumer (Nambucca Macnuts 2011). The markets that we have considered are China
and Japan as both of these markets have huge opportunities of selling chocolate products and greater
awareness of health conscious. The objectives of Haigh’s Chocolates is that to increase the awareness so
that it can compete with the competitors and to promote a more profitable and sustainable business that
are able to provide high quality product and service. However, the mission statement of Haigh’s
Chocolates is to expand their market internationally and become the international retailer of choice of the
premium hand-made chocolates (Haigh’s Chocolate 2011).
Situational Analysis (Japan)
- Economic & Financial Factor
According to (Econ watch) point out that Japan is the 3rd
largest economy in the world, and the GDP of
Japan was about 5.48 trillion and the purchasing power parity was about 4.309 trillion in 2010. This
shows the evident of strong purchasing power and well economic n Japan. If Haigh’s chocolate approach
to Japan Haigh’s would have less effect of economic crisis, because Japan has very strong domestic
product, and the fact is proved in 2008. In the aftermath of the global financial crisis in 2008, Japan
shows a strong ability of economic recovery. Up to the first half of 2011, Japan still represents the highest
growth in the G-7 nations. This is a really interesting data that shows that the potential of Japan’s
economy and purchasing power.
3. According to a market overview provide by (Honda, 2009) there are about 16 million (KG) of chocolate
import into Japan every year. This shows that the demand of chocolate and the willingness of purchase
chocolate product is remain high in Japan after 2008.
- Political & Legal Factor
Base on the information that from (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, 2011) provide that even though
Japan is one of the Member of World Trade Organization (WTO) Japan still charge for traffic for import
of food product. This makes a pressure for foreign products to increase their price. Except for this factor,
Japan government seems using a loose policy for controlling market place.
- Culture Factor
Japanese people have high demand of chocolate, and they are willing to buy chocolate when they
celebrate Valentine’s Day. From a research that found, the top ten chocolate brands during Valentine’s
Day are mostly Japanese brands, and it shows Japanese people are more support their local brands in that
industry (what Japan thinks). This may due to the Japanese culture or the flavor problem that the foreign
brand missed the not match the Japanese needs, such as; packaging or lack of understand of brands. This
research provides an idea that going in to the Japanese market and to face a heavy competition with
Japan’s local brand which needs set up some specific strategy to increase customer awareness.
- Competition
Competition in the Japan market is huge, according to the data provided by “Chocolate and Cocoa
Association of Japan” shows that there are about eight major countries that import chocolate into Japan,
which are the following countries; USA, Australia, Belgium, China, Korea, France, Italy and Swiss. It is
clearly show that there are many choices of brands in Japan. There are chocolate brands that already go
into the Japan market, for example, Tim Tam, M&M or time out. Research shows that these brands
positioning their chocolate as an economic snack type of product. There are already large amount of
competitors in the market, and as a new entrant business in Australia, it is necessary to locate the brand
differently and target difference type of customers, and it might help the brand to jump out from the
competition or maybe profitable with difference targeting.
However, there are reasons that cause us to give up going into the Japanese market. One of the reasons is
the language problem; although hire wholesalers might help the brand to improve the situation, but that
action might course lower efficiency, hard to management, and as a premium good, it might be hard to
show the quality through wholesalers. The earthquake and tsunami that happened this year would also be
a reason that makes Haigh’s chocolate give up the Japanese market. Nature disaster happened recently in
Japan, and as a business, it would be very high risk to invest a country like Japan with uncertain
economic future (Nanto, 2011).
5. 1 China 1,336,718,015 July 2011 est.
2 India 1,189,172,906 July 2011 est.
3 United States 313,232,044 July 2011 est.
4 Indonesia 245,613,043 July 2011 est.
Source: The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
China is one of the largest countries with the largest population among the world. By July 2011, the
population of China is proximately 1,336,718,015 with an estimated yearly growth rate of 0.493%. The
large population implies that even a small market share in China means a lot. Back to the 90s, China is
one of the lowest literacy countries. By now, the situation has been improved; more than 92.2% of total
population aged 15 and over can read and write. As the education level between people live in city and
rural area is huge,it should note that the message of Haigh’s needs to be simple enough for all the
customers to understand.
Political factor is the weakest parts of entering the Chinese market. In the past, China is an isolated
country characterized by its ‘Closed-door policy’ and its active intervention in the operation of the
domestic market. Since the late 70s, the situation changes. As a first step, four special economic zones
were authorised in southern China with tax incentives to attract foreign capital and businesses, much of
which came from overseas Chinese in places like Hong Kong and Taiwan (BBC News 2011). In 1986,
the State Council announced the Provisions of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China for the
Encouragement of Foreign Investment. The provision provided many favourable policy to foreign
enterprises, e.g. provided foreign joint ventures with preferential tax treatment, the freedom to import
inputs such as materials and equipment and so on (Fung et al. 2002). It shows that the government has
gradually relaxed its control over markets and opened the trade and investment sectors to the global
economy. With the ease of entry barriers and all those favourable policy imposed by the Chinese
government, we think that it is time to enter the Chinese market.
- Economic & Financial Factor
China is the fastest growing market in the world with an average real annual GDP growth of 8%. Measure
on a purchasing power parity (PPP), China is already surpassed Japan in 2009 and became a second-
largest economy with around 5,000 billion of GDP. It accounts for 15% of the total world’s produced.
According to the IMF, China's economy will grow to $123 trillion by 2040, nearly three times the
economic output of the whole world in 2000.
6. Followed by the strong economic growth, China’s retails sales, which raised nearly 17% in 2009 amidst
the economic downturn, expanded strongly in 2010 and expected have a sharply growth in the next 30
years as well.
Moreover, the middle-class has become another shining point for China, Defining the middle-class as
people with incomes ranging from $6000-$25,000 a year, IMF estimated China will boast of over 340
million people by 2016.
7. One another essential factor that is often overlooked: RMB is going to appreciate. China's inflation is also
in heating up signs due to the strongly economic growth. It therefore the exchange rate of RMB seems to
also have upward trend in order to offset the inflation. That means all the import goods are cheaper,
Chinese consumers are likely to consume more. The foreigner who starts its business in China is not
benefit from the uprising consumption trend, but also the exchange rate profit, as our cost is accounts for
the foreign dollars.
- Political & Legal Factor
China is one of the largest countries with the largest population among the world. By July 2011, the
population of China is proximately 1,336,718,015 with an estimated yearly growth rate of 0.493%. The
large population implies that even a small market share in China means a lot. Back to the 90s, China is
8. one of the lowest literacy countries. By now, the situation has been improved; more than 92.2% of total
population aged 15 and over can read and write. However, it should note that the message of Haigh’s
needs to be simple enough for the customers to understand as the education level is not very high in
China.
Political factor is the weakest parts of entering the Chinese market. In the past, China is an isolated
country characterized by its ‘Closed-door policy’ and its active intervention in the operation of the
domestic market. Since the late 70s, the situation changes. In July 1979, The Law of the People’s
Republic of China on Joint-Ventures using Chinese and Foreign Investment was adopted, granting
foreign investment a legal status in China. In 1986, the State Council announced the Provisions of the
State Council of the People’s Republic of China for the Encouragement of Foreign Investment. The
provision provided many favourable policy to foreign enterprises, e.g. provided foreign joint ventures
with preferential tax treatment, the freedom to import inputs such as materials and equipment and so on
(Fung et al. 2002). It shows that the government has gradually relaxed its control over markets and
opened the trade and investment sectors to the global economy. With the ease of entry barriers and all
those favourable policy imposed by the Chinese government, we think that it is time to enter the Chinese
market.
- Cultural Factor
Cultural is one of the factors that need to be considered while analyzing the chosen market (China) of our
product which is Haigh’s chocolate There is a research under CMMS showed that there are 52.4% of the
people in China tend to purchase chocolates as a gift to their friends especially during different kinds of
season such as Chinese New Year’s and Valentines Days (China Economic Review 2011). In recently,
China people tends to follow about the news of having healthy foods and there is a research that showed
that there are health benefits of consuming dark chocolate thus this became one of the major reasons that
chocolates brands plan for their marketing strategy (China Economic Review 2011). For our brand –
Haigh’s Chocolate, there are variety of chocolates that combine together with a range of healthy
ingredients such as dried fruits and nuts (Haigh’s Chocolate 2011). Therefore, our product are able to
meet the needs and wants of China consumers as we are offering a handmade chocolate with different
kinds of ingredients such as dried fruits and nuts which is healthier than other chocolate brands.
- Competition
Besides that, the competitors factors also need to be taken into account while consider to expand the
market into China. Foreign brands and joint venture played a major role under the China chocolate’s
market as under the top 10 chocolate brands in China, there are only two local brands which are Golden
Monkey and ShenFeng and the others are foreign brands (China Daily 2004). This showed that China
consumer tends to prefer foreign brands rather than local brands, thus there is potential to expands
9. Haigh’s chocolate which is our product into China market as it might able to meet the needs and wants of
the consumer in China. The main reason that foreign and joint venture brands successfully position their
product in China is product recognition. For example, Lindt is one of the most famous Switzerland
chocolate brands and it position themselves as a premier chocolate brands in the world as the ingredients
that use to produce chocolate are high quality cocoa so that the original chocolate taste are able to
maintain (China Daily 2004). Foreign chocolate brands concentrate more towards the needs of the
consumer rather than the price of the product as they thinks that price of the product are strongly links to
the brand image of the company (Allen 2010). Therefore, as a foreign brand that offers high quality
chocolate it is normal that the price of the chocolate is higher.
SWOT Analysis
We believe that the strength of haigh’s chocolate would be the good reputation among customers in
Australia. Over the years, haigh’s insisted to deliver premium hand-made chocolates to customers. As
long as we ensure the quality we delivered and establish our brand position in China, it would be our
competitive advantage over the others.
Limited distribution network is always been the weakest part of Haigh’s chocolate. By now, we only have
6 retail stores selling chocolate in Australia. Another weakness would be lack of information. As we are
new to the Chinese market, we do not understand the customer preferences or the business culture.
To deal with the new rising trend of health conscious in China, we can develop “Low Calorie” line of
chocolates or offering the “Sugar Free” sweets line.
We believe that the well-established brands and dynamic foreign regulations are the major threat in China
market, thus, Haigh’s chocolate should allocate more resources in these areas.
Market Entry Strategies
10. As for the marketing entry strategies, we had decided to use direct exporting for our product as we think
that this is the most appropriate entry strategies that should use to enter into the China market. Direct
exporting can be defined as directly selling the product to the end user through oversea or finding a local
distributer as representative to sell the product on behalf of the exporters (Andersen 1997, p.32). The
reason that we had chosen direct exporting for our marketing entry strategies is that we are able to control
towards the export process in China so that if there is any emergency situation we are able to solve it
immediately (Buckley & Casson 1998, p.541). Besides that, we are not familiar with the China market
therefore it will be easier for us to use direct exporting as we do not require so much knowledge (Brady &
Bearden 1979, p.82). In addition, we are able to get direct feedback from our customer as customers are
able to provide feedback towards the performances of our product in a faster n more direct way and
therefore we are able to come out with a new marketing strategy in order to improve the performance of
our product (Sharma & Erramilli 2004, p.2).
However, there are some disadvantages of using direct exporting as it is more time consuming and more
expensive as you have to spend more time and money into a new market by using a partners in that
market to provide you information and knowledge of the new market (Zhao et al. 2004, p.526; Buckley &
Casson 1998, p.544). By using direct exporting, we are not able to respond to the feedback of customer as
quickly as a local agent as the feedback will have to send back to the main company in order to have a
better solution (Zhao et al. 2004, p.527). It will be more risky of using direct exporting however the
exporter will only be facing a more direct risk as compare to indirect risk (Buckley & Casson 1998,
p.545).
Marketing mix 4Ps
- Price
We decided to adopt two pricing strategies in different stage: Penetration pricing strategy and Cost-plus
pricing strategy.
1 - 6 months After 6 months
Penetration Pricing Strategy Cost-plus pricing Strategy
Penetration pricing strategy
When the first time we enter to the China, our brand’s reputation is normally relative lower than other
famous brand. We tend to set a relatively low initial price in order to attract the new customers, rather
than fall over backward to make profit. During the first half year, we will sell our chocolate for $88,
which is close to our total cost, and we expect that we can therefore gain 20% market share in our
business location after 6 months.
It helps us to efficiently build up a China’s market, and strive for a market leader in China.
11. Cost-plus pricing strategy
After 6 months, we will set our price base on the total cost. We calculate the total cost of producing and
add on a profit to that price to give the selling price. According to our research, the total cost per
chocolate is around $50. Preliminary estimates that we will set $138 for the chocolates under this
strategy. In other word, we can earn $88 from each selling.
This pricing strategy is straight-forward and provides an effective method to control the cost. It helps to
ensure all costs associated with the producing are covered and generating steady profit at a known rate.
- Place
Place is one of the marketing mix elements, it represent the location and the distribution channel.
According to (Peter, 1973) point out that “place is a various methods of transporting and storing goods
which involves the distribution system.”
For the distribution system there are several channels can be selected such as; “direct or indirect” “single
or multiple channels” and “number of intermediary” (Peter, 1973). For Haigh’s chocolate it is better to
use direct marketing such as physical store on the street. This style provides a strong brand image, which
is an advantage since our brand in China is not so awareness, because people can see the brand when they
pass the store. The reason of not using the wholesalers or Agents is because it can ensure the quality of
products and understand the actual reaction of customers. The location of physical store would be some
capital cities such as Hong Kong, Shanghai, Beijing and Shenzhen. Those cities are the most competitive
cities in China (2010), therefore, the spending power and population of those city are greater than other
countryside cities. The actual physical store would also need to place at some shopping mall, and more
people can get in the store by awareness (Monger, 2007).
12. - Promotion
The main instruments of the promotional mix are advertising, sales promotion, public relations and
personal selling. Each of these components of the mix comports a distinct efficiency, a different ability to
communicate, a different general cost, as well as a distinct degree of controlling the element by the
organization (Kotler & Keller, 2006). For the business in Australia, the strategy is simple – deliver
premium hand-made chocolates to customers directly. “We made a strategic decision about five years ago
to focus on selling our chocolates in our own retail outlets, and not through a wholesaling model. We
wanted total control of our product,” Alister Haigh, Chief Executive of Haigh’s said (South Australian
Food Centre, 2010).
However, it would be a whole different story when entering a new market. Karande, Almurshidee, & Al-
Olayan (2006) suggested that promotion content is largely culturally driven, thus making promotion even
more complicated in international markets.
We suggested that Haigh’s could have a high proportion of advertising and little sales promotion in the
first year to establish the brand in China. Sales promotion is very effective in early stages of product
introduction as it gives the company the opportunity to reach targeted customers. Together with intensive
advertising campaigns, we can increase the brand awareness within a short period of time. However,
using sales promotion too often would have a reverse effect. Customers would think that there must be a
reason, say inferior quality, behind the discounted price. As for that reason, we suggested Haigh’s using
some non-price sales promotion, such as free chocolate testing or ‘buy two get 1 free’ package.
Once the brand is widely accepted and recognized, Haigh’s can then emphasis more on public relations.
For example, Haigh’s could imitate the ‘Save the Panda’ marketing campaign in Australia. Haigh’s had
developed a new product line to save Panda in China by donating part of the sales. Although the sales
figure was not very impressive in Australia, the positive brand image it brought in long run is said to be
more valuable.
- Production
The important of determent product is because the purpose of product is to satisfy customer needs or
wants. The production has three levels, and these levels are, core level, secondary level and augmented
level. The core level represents the product itself, and it is just purely the product and does not contain
any other service behind the product. Secondary level contained size of product, features packaging and
attributed. Augmented product level is all about after sales service, such as delivery, guarantee and
service (Monger, 2007). Haigh’s chocolate has very long history of handmade chocolate, and Haigh’s
chocolate has fully experience and skills about managing the production line. The core level of the
13. product would be handmade chocolate. The size of the chocolate has high flexibility, based on the
experience, Haigh’s chocolate has difference size of boxed chocolates, and customer could also pick their
favourite chocolates in store. The size of chocolates would very suit the retail market, and the packaging
of those chocolate are containing in an old school package with brown or dark green colours. China is a
new market for Haigh’s, so at the back of the package, Haigh’s could consider to put some background of
the company in Chinese, so people would understand the source of the chocolate, and build reputation of
the brand. This is the First investment for Haigh’s chocolate to entry China, and after sales service would
make extra cost for Haigh’s and hard to achieve. Industry like chocolate, there are not much after sales
service, and people might show less active to these activity, therefore Haigh’s might just focus on service
in store or at most do deliver for high amount of order around their territory.
Unit of chocolate Package
1 Paper Bag
2 Paper Bag
3 Paper Bag
4 Paper Bag
5 Paper Bag
6 Paper Bag
7 Paper Bag
8 Paper Bag
9 Paper Bag
10 Box
11 Box
12 Box
13 Box
14 Box
15 Box
16 Box
17 Box
18 Box
19 Box
20 Box
20< Box
USP:
Unique selling proposition to difference the product with other competitors, because it might help the
brand to increase competitive power. USP is something that competitors hard to copy, and that could be
anything unique in the market and valuable to customer (East, Wright, Vanhuele, 2008). Haigh’s
chocolate is an Australian brand, and Australia has a lot of nuts production, such as Hazelnuts, Chestnuts,
Macadamias and Pecans. Haigh’s can put those nuts into their handmade chocolate and that could be the
unique element for customer. When people think about high quality handmade Australian nuts chocolate,
they would think about Haigh’s chocolate, and other brands would hard to copy those elements. The
atmosphere and outfit of the store would also be unique, because Haigh’s chocolate has very long history
and the store and staffs would decorated as very old school Australian style, and that would help the
brand to stand out from the competitors and increase brand salience.
14. Segmentation, Targeting & Positioning
Segmentation:
When a brand entry into a new market, it is important to segment the target customers, and businesses
would need to segment their customers into difference groups, and those customers would respond to
similarly marketing actions (Moge, 2007). For Haigh’s chocolate, because this brand would tended to
focus on customers that purchase this product as a gifting present or souvenir, therefore the segmenting of
customer would based on demographic. The reason that segment customers into demographic is because
we assumed people from difference areas would also buy the product, and if customers are segmented
into demographic, there would be more population in the category and easier to design marketing
activities.
Targeting:
Mainly, base on our culture; there are more potential to target customers in middle class income. China is
a potential market and has chocolate and the product that launch into the market would be higher price
than other brands and better packaging. Therefore, the target customer group would be based on income,
and people in that category could be some people who travel from overseas or business people. The
benefit that segments middle class income customers is because those customers have ability to buy the
product frequently.
Positioning:
Haigh’s Chocolate position themselves as a long history brand that produce high class handmade
chocolate and packaging with a beautiful outlook. Our opinion is to position our product same as the past
which is a luxury product for gift and souvenir or even in party.
Financial Report
15. Conclusion & Recommendation
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