The document discusses different methods of manure application. It describes several methods including composting manure, broadcasting manure, and applying manure through irrigation channels or by spreading it on grazing lands. It notes that applying manure through natural or artificial methods helps improve soil fertility. The presentation provides information on various manure application techniques and seeks input from students on which methods are used in their local areas. It includes review questions and a follow up activity where students can sketch diagrams of different manure application methods.

1. -3-
agshÅ-s¡mbv¯v F´m-sW¶v ]d-ª-tijw hnhn[ coXn-bnse
ag-sh-Å-s¡m-bv¯ns sF.-kn.-än. hgn ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw Bibw
Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p.
ag-sh-Å-s¡mbv¯v ]e-hn[w
ag-sh-Å-s¡mbv¯v 2 coXn-bn km[y-am-Wv. D]-cn-Xe oscm-gp-¡nsâ
sImbv¯,v ta¡qc ag-sh-Å-s¡mbv¯v D]-cn-Xe oscm-gp-¡nsâ ag-s¡mbv¯v
ImÀjnI {]hÀ¯--§Ä hgn-bpw, nÀ½n-Xn-I-fn-eq-sSbpw km[n-¡p¶p F¶
Bi-b-¯n-eqsS ASp¯ Bibw Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶p.
D]-cn-Xe oscm-gp-¡nsâ ag-s¡mbv¯v
ImÀjnI {]hÀ¯--§-fn-eq-sS-bpÅ
ag-s¡mbv¯v coXn-IÄ
ag-sh-Å-s¡mbv¯v
D]-cn-Xe oscm-gp¡nsâ
sImbv¯v
ta¡qc ag-sh-Å-s¡mbv¯v
ImÀjnI {]hÀ¯--§-fn-
eqsSbpÅ ag-s¡mbv¯v
nÀ½n-Xn-bn-eqsS
ag-s¡mbv¯v
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2. -4-
_lp-ne Irjn
kqcy-{]-Im-i-¯n-p-th-n ]c-kv]cw aÕ-cn-¡m-¯-hn-[-¯n ]e X«p-I-fmbn
]e Db-c-¯n hnf-IÄ Irjn sN¿p¶ coXn.
]pX-bn-SÂ
ImÀjn-Im-p-_Ô ]mgvhkvXp-¡Ä, N¸p-N-h-dp-IÄ, ]¨n-e-IÄ
F¶n-h- sIm--v Irjn-bn-S-§Ä ]pX-bn-Sp¶ coXnbmWv ]pX-bn-SÂ.
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3. -5-
CS-hcn Irjn
sNdnb Ncn-hp-I-fn CS-hn«v hnhn[ hnf-IÄ Irjn-sN-¿p¶ coXn-bmWv
CS-hcn Irjn.
X«p-Irjn
Ip¶n³N-cn-hp-I-fnse Htc Db-c-¯n-epÅ Øe-§-fnÂ
nc-bmbn hnf-IÄ Irjn sN¿p¶ coXn-bmWv X«p-Irjn.
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4. -6-
F¶o coXn-I-fmWv ImÀjnI {]hÀ¯--§-fn-eqsS
ag-sh-Å-s¡mbv¯v coXn-IÄ¡mbn kzoI-cn-¡m³ ]äp¶ amÀ¤-§Ä.
nÀ½n-Xn-I-fn-eq-sS-bpÅ ag-s¡mbv¯v coXn-IÄ F¶ Bibw Ah-X-cn-¸n-
¡p-¶p.
nÀ½n-Xn-I-fn-eq-sS-bpÅ ag-s¡mbv¯v coXn-IÄ
X«v Xncn-¡Â
Ncn-hp-Å `q{]-tZ-i-§Ä X«p-I-fmbn Xncn¨v Irjn sN¿p¶ coXn
IÃv I¿m-e-IÄ
Irjn-`q-an-bpsS Ncn-hnv IpdpsI IÂ`n-¯n-bp--m¡n kmh-[mw apI-fnÂ
n¶v a®v h¶-Snªv nc-¸mb X«p-IÄ D-m-Ip-hm³ Ap-h-Zn-¡p¶ coXn.
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5. -7-
ag-¡p-gn-IÄ
Irjn `qan-bnse s]¿p¶ ag-shÅw Ipsd kabw sI«n nÀ¯n
`qan-¡p-Ån DuÀ¶n-d-§m³ klm-bn-¡p¶ coXn.
XS-b-W-IÄ
oÀ¨m-ep-I-fnepw tXmSp-I-fnepw XS-b-W-IÄ nÀ½n¨v Hgp-In-t¸m-Ip¶ shÅs¯
`mKn-I-ambn XSªp nÀ¯p-¶-Xn-s-bmWv XS-b-W-IÄ F¶p ]d-bp-¶-Xv.
Ch-bneqsSbmWv nÀ½n-Xn-I-fn-eqsSbpÅ ag-sh-Å-s¡mbv¯v ]²-Xn-IÄ
F¶ hni-Zo-I-c-W-t¯msS ASp¯ Bi-b-¯n-te¡v IS-¡p-¶p.
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6. -8-
ta¡qc ag-sh-Å-s¡mbv¯v
ta¡qc ag-sh-Å-s¡mbv¯v
hoSp-I-fn-sebpw ta¡q-c-bnepw ]Xn-¡p¶ Pes¯ tiJ-cn-¡p¶ coXn-bmWv
ta¡qc ag-sh-Å-s¡m-bv¯v.
F¶o Bi-b-§Ä Ah-X-cn-¸n¨ tijw {]hÀ¯--¯n-te¡v IS-¡p-¶p.
{]hÀ¯w þ 1
hnhn-[-X-c-¯n-epÅ ag-s¡mbv¯v coXn-IÄ mw ]Tn¨p Nn{X-§fpw ]cn-N-b-
s¸-«p F¶ Bi-b-¯np tijw sF.-kn.-än. hgn Nne ag-s¡m-bv¯p-I-fpsS Nn{X-
§Ä ImWn-¡p-¶p.
hnhn-[-X-c-¯n-epÅ ag-sh-Å-s¡m-bv¯n-s-¡p-dn¨v mw ]cn-N-b-s¸-«p. m«nÂ
Pe-£maw cq£-am-Wv. A§-s-bpÅ kml-N-cy-¯n GXp ag-sh-Å-s¡mbv¯v
coXnsb n§Ä n§-fpsS {]tZ-i¯v kzoI-cn-¡pw F´v sIm-v? hnhn[ {Kq¸p-
I-fmbn Xncn¨v {]hÀ¯w ÂIp-¶p.
Ip«n-IÄ Is--¯nb hnhcw {Kq¸-Sn-Øm--¯n ASn-Øm--¯n Ah-X-
cn-¸n-¡p-¶p. AXnp tijw A[ym-]nI hni-Zo-I-cWw ÂIp-¶p.
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7. -9-
ta¡qc ag-sh-Å-s¡mbv¯v
hfsc ^e-{]-Z-amsbmcp coXn-bm-WnXv AXp-t]mse {]bm-k-c-ln-X-hp-am-sbmcp
coXn-bp-am-Wn-Xv. C¶v kÀh-km-[m-c-W-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ coXn-bm-WnXv AXn-
m Fsâ {]tZ-i-¯n--p-tbm-Py-am-bXv ta¡qc ag-sh-Å-s¡m-bv¯m-Wv.
hoSp-I-fnepw, sI«n-S-§-fnepw, ta¡q-c-bn ]Xn-¡p¶ ag-shÅw
kw`-c-Wn-I-fntem doNmÀÖv knÌ-¯ntem tiJ-cn-¡p¶ coXn-bmWv ta¡q-c-
bnse ag-sh-Å-s¡mbv¯v F¶v ]d-bp-¶Xv F¶v ]dªv {]hÀ¯-s¯
t{ImUo-I-cn-¡p-¶p.
{]hÀ¯w þ 2
Xmsg ÂIn-bn-cn-¡p¶ Nn{X-§sf Xncn-¨-dn-bpI.
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3
4 5

8. -10-
Ip«n-IÄ Nn{X-§sf Xncn-¨-dn-bp-¶p. A[ym-]nI Is-¯nb hnh-c-§Ä Ah-
X-cn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. AXnp tijw A[ym-]nI hni-Zo-I-cWw ÂIp-¶p.
D¯-c-§Ä
Nn{Xw þ 1 þ ag-¡p-gn-IÄ
Nn{Xw þ 2 þ ta¡qc
ag-sh-Å-s¡mbv¯v
Nn{Xw þ 3 þ IÃv I¿m-e-IÄ
Nn{Xw þ 4 þ ]pX-bn-SÂ
Nn{Xw þ 5 þ X«p-Xn-cn-¡Â
`qKÀ`-Pe hnXmw DbÀ¯p-¶-Xn-mbn ap¡v ag-s¡mbv¯v coXn-IÄ
B{i-bn-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv. nc-h[n ag-s¡mbv¯v ]²-Xn-IÄ ne-hn-ep-v F¶ Bi-
b-¯n-eqsS ¢mÊv Ah-km-n-¸n-¡p-¶p.
Review Questions
v ag¡p-gn-IÄ F¶m-se´v ?
v ag-s¡mbv¯v coXn-IÄ GsXÃmw?
v IÃv I¿m-e-IÄ F¶m-se´v?
Follow up activity
ag-s¡mbv¯v coXn-I-fpsS Nn{X-§Ä tiJ-cn¨v ]Xn¨v X¿m-dm-¡pI?
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