This document discusses two popular icon-based visualization techniques: Chernoff faces and stick figures. Chernoff faces represent multidimensional data as cartoon faces where variables are mapped to facial features, allowing trends to be revealed. Stick figures map multidimensional data to a five-piece stick figure icon with variables determining the angles and lengths of the limbs. Both techniques make complex multidimensional data easier for users to understand and analyze trends.

1. ICON BASED VISUALIZATION
TECHNIQUES
PRESENTED BY:
WAFA QAISER KHAN

2. ICON BASED VISUALIZATION TECHNIQUES
 Uses small icons to represent multidimensional
data values.
TWO POPULAR ICON-BASED TECHNIQUES
1. Chernoff faces
2. Stick figures

3. General Techniques:
 Shape coding: Use shape to represent
certain information encoding.

4.  Color icons: Use color icons to encode
more information.
 Tile bars: Use small icons to represent
the relevant feature vectors in document.

5. CHERNOFF FACES
• Introduced in 1973 by statistician Herman
Chernoff.
• They display multidimensional data
of up to 18 variables (or dimensions) as a
cartoon human face.
• Chernoff faces help reveal trends in the data.

6. • A way to display variables on a two-dimensional
surface. For instance, let x be eyebrow slant, y be
eye size, z be nose length, etc. The above figures
show faces produced using 10 characteristics--
head eccentricity, eye size, eye spacing, eye
eccentricity, pupil size, eyebrow slant, nose size,
mouth shape, mouth size, and mouth opening.

7.  Viewing large data can be tedious.
 Chernoff faces make the data easier for users to
digest.

9. STICK FIGURE
 This technique maps multidimensional data to
five-piece stick figure.
 Each figure has four limbs and a body.
 Two dimensions are mapped to the display (x
and y) axes and the remaining dimensions are
mapped to the angle or length of the limbs.

12.  Figure shows census:
 Age and income are mapped to the display axes.
 Remaining dimensions gender, education and so on are
mapped to stick figures.
 Stick figures having a similar shape, means that they
are similar with respect to the dimensions that are
assigned to the limbs of the stick figure icon.
 The resulting visualization shows texture
patterns, reflecting data trends.

13. CONCLUSION
 Chernoff faces help reveal trends
in the data and are easy to understand.
 Stick figures maps multidimensional data to
five-piece stick figure.

14. THANKYOU