2. SIMON - THE AGRIPRENEUR
Simon is just like you, a student, a son, and a dreamer.
He wants to be successful in life to help his parents who
are farmers. His parents are struggling and he witnesses
the hardship of his parents working all day in the farm.
Every time his parents come home tired, he would
dream that he could help his parents in managing the
farm business to lighten their burden.
Suddenly, he thought why not start small today by
helping his parents estimate and calculate the expenses
for the materials and labor during the land preparation
3. FRACTION
A fraction simply tells us how many parts of a
whole we have. It can be recognize by the
slash called mark of division between two (2)
numbers. The upper number is called the
numerator and the lower number is called
denominator.
4. PERCENTAGES
In mathematics, a percentage is a number
or ratio expressed as fraction of 100. It is
usually recognized using the percent sign “
％”. “Percent” also mean “per 100”.
5. We can also compute the percentage by multiplication.
20% of 80 = ?
20% = 20/100 (as stated above, percent is per 100)
And, 20/100 x 80 = 16
So, 20% of 80 = 16
Example:
As agreed, the farmer should give 50% of his harvest to the
owner of the land he tilled. If the farmer harvested 20
sacks of corn, how many sacks of corn should he give to the
owner?
50% = 50/100
50/100 x 20 = 10
Hence, 50% of 20 = 10
Therefore, the farmer should give 10 sacks of the harvested
corn to the land owner.
7. Ratio can be written in different ways:
Use “:” to separate values
Example: 3:1
Use the word “to”
Example: 3 to 1
Write it like fraction
Example: 3/1
8. Application:
According to the package instruction, the 1 L
of the pesticide should be mixed 10 L of
water before application to the crops.
So, the ratio of pesticide to water is 1:10. Or,
we can say that 10 L of water is to 1 L of
pesticide.
9. Measurement is one of the most useful processes
ever developed. Almost everything you use
everyday is measured - from the clothes you
wear, the gadgets used, to the food you eat. The
shoes that you are wearing have sizes so that you
will know what size to choose in buying. Building
materials and machine parts have precise
measurements so that it will fit perfectly as
intended.
It is a process of comparing unknown quantity to
a standard known quantity. Its many practical
applications show how Mathematics is relevant
and useful in our lives.
10. Standard Base Units of Measure
The official standard system of
measure in the Philippines is the
Metric System. This is used to
describe how long, how heavy, or how
big something is. Now let us discover
the different metric units and their
application in agriculture.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16. Fundamental Quantities and their Units and
Conversion
LENGTH
It is a physical quantity and is a measure of
distance.
The basic unit is meter (m).
Ruler, meterstick, and tape measure are
often used to measure the length of an
object.
17.
18.
19. MASS/WEIGHT
Mass refers to the amount of matter contained in an
object. Thus, it remains the same regardless of the
location.
Weight relates to the gravitational pull of the earth
upon a mass. Thus, a person’s weight on the Moon varies
his weight on Earth.
Just remember, mass and weight can be interchanged in
our everyday activity.
The basic unit is kilogram (kg).
Weighing Scale is the common instrument used in
measurement
20. Conversion Table of Mass
Quantity Name of Unit Symbol Value
Mass milligram mg
gram G 1 000 mg = 1 g
kilogram kg 1 000 g = 1 kg
tonne T 1 000 kg = 1 t
21.
22. TIME
The basic unit of time is second(s).
Clocks and calendars are the
instrument used in measurement.
23. Conversion Table of Time
Quantity Name of Unit Symbol Value
Time second s
minute min 60 s = 1 min
hour h 60 min = 1 h
day day 24 h = 1 day
24. Other conversion factors that are used in
time measurement.
Unit Conversion Factors
1 century 100 years
1 score 20 years
1 decade 10 years
1 year 12 months or 365 1/4
days
1 week 7 days
27. Area is the surface included within a particular set of
dimensions.
The basic unit of area is square meter (m2 or sq m).
It is also expressed as meters x meters,
which is written as m2.
29. The formula for surface area (A) of square or
a rectangle:
A = length (l) x width (w)
In agriculture, hectare (ha) is the most common unit used. One (1) hectare is
equivalent to 10 000 square meter.
30. Conversion Table of Area
Quantity Name of
Unit
Symbol Value
Area Square
millimetre
mm2
Square
centimetre
cm2 1 cm2 = 100
mm2
Square
metre
m2 1 m2 = 10
000 cm2
Hectare Ha 1 ha = 10
000 m2
32. Volume (V) is the content of a body or object.
An example is a block.
33. Volume is length by width by
height, and the basic unit of
volume is cubic meter or m3.
A cube that is 1 meter on each
side is also equal to 1,000 liters.
1 m3 = 1 000 L
34. Conversion Table of Volume
Quantity Name of Unit Symbol Value
Volume Cubic
millimetre
mm3
Cubic
centimetre
cm3 1 cm3 = 1 000
mm3
Cubic metre m3 1 m3 = 1 000
000 cm3
Liter L 1 000 L = 1 m3
35. Application:
Calculate the volume of the block crate to be used in
storing fruits.
Given:
Length (l) = 3 meters
Width (w) = 5 meters
Height (h)= 9 meters
Formula:
Volume = l x w x h
