Cisco plays a key role in internet infrastructure by manufacturing networking equipment like routers and switches. The internet works through these devices routing data between servers which store files accessed by other computers. It is managed through various organizations that oversee standards and operations rather than a single entity. The World Wide Web operates using HTTP and HTML protocols, with web pages distinguished by features like hyperlinks and multimedia. Domain names help simplify internet addressing through systems like ICANN which oversees domain registration by companies.
According to the Blog of the World Economic Forum, eLearning is the #10 Top Internet and Technology Trend in 2014. Get yourself an online education now by enrolling at Swiss eLearning Institute. Exclusively available from www.qnet.net
Know more about QNET by visiting these sites:
http://www.qnetlife.net
https://twitter.com/QNetOfficial
https://www.youtube.com/user/QNETofficial
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.qnet.estore.android&hl=en
https://www.facebook.com/QNETIndiaOfficial
According to the Blog of the World Economic Forum, eLearning is the #10 Top Internet and Technology Trend in 2014. Get yourself an online education now by enrolling at Swiss eLearning Institute. Exclusively available from www.qnet.net
Know more about QNET by visiting these sites:
http://www.qnetlife.net
https://twitter.com/QNetOfficial
https://www.youtube.com/user/QNETofficial
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.qnet.estore.android&hl=en
https://www.facebook.com/QNETIndiaOfficial
Networking Fundamentals, Network supporting the way we learn, Network supporting the way we work, Network supporting the way we play,The Importance of Network Standards.
Internet service provider(ISP)An organization or firm th.docxnormanibarber20063
Internet service provider
(ISP)
An organization or firm that
provides access to the
Internet.
C H A P T E R 1 2
A Manager’s Guide to the
Internet and
Telecommunications
1. INTRODUCTION
There’s all sorts of hidden magic happening whenever you connect to the Internet. But what really
makes it possible for you to reach servers halfway around the world in just a fraction of a second?
Knowing this is not only flat-out fascinating stuff; it’s also critically important for today’s manager to
have at least a working knowledge of how the Internet functions.
That’s because the Internet is a platform of possibilities and a business enabler. Understanding
how the Internet and networking works can help you brainstorm new products and services and un-
derstand roadblocks that might limit turning your ideas into reality. Marketing professionals who
know how the Internet reaches consumers have a better understanding of how technologies can be
used to find and target customers. Finance firms that rely on trading speed to move billions in the blink
of an eye need to master Internet infrastructure to avoid being swept aside by more nimble market
movers. And knowing how the Internet works helps all managers understand where their firms are vul-
nerable. In most industries today, if your network goes down then you might as well shut your doors
and go home; it’s nearly impossible to get anything done if you can’t get online. Managers who know
the Net are prepared to take the appropriate steps to secure their firms and keep their organization
constantly connected.
2. INTERNET 101: UNDERSTANDING HOW THE
INTERNET WORKS
L E A R N I N G O B J E C T I V E S
1. Describe how the technologies of the Internet combine to answer these questions: What are
you looking for? Where is it? And how do we get there?
2. Interpret a URL, understand what hosts and domains are, describe how domain registration
works, describe cybersquatting, and give examples of conditions that constitute a valid and
invalid domain-related trademark dispute.
3. Describe certain aspects of the Internet infrastructure that are fault-tolerant and support load
balancing.
4. Discuss the role of hosts, domains, IP addresses, and the DNS in making the Internet work.
The Internet is a network of networks—millions of them, actually. If the network at your university,
your employer, or in your home has Internet access, it connects to an Internet service provider
(ISP). Many (but not all) ISPs are big telecommunications companies like Verizon, Comcast, and
AT&T. These providers connect to one another, exchanging traffic, and ensuring your messages can
get to any other computer that’s online and willing to communicate with you.
The Internet has no center and no one owns it. That’s a good thing. The Internet was designed to
be redundant and fault-tolerant—meaning that if one network, connecting wire, or server stops work-
ing, everything else should keep on running. Rising from military research and wor.
1. What is IT infrastructure and what are its components2.What ar.pdfexpressionnoveltiesk
1. What is IT infrastructure and what are its components?
2.What are the stages and technology drivers of IT infrastructure evolution?
3. What are the current trends in computer hardware platforms? Describe the evolving mobile
platform, grid computing, and cloud computing
4. What are the current trends in software platforms? Define and describe open source software
and Linux and explain their business benefits.
5.What are the challenges of managing IT infrastructure and management solutions? Name and
describe the management challenges posed by IT infrastructure
Solution
1.IT infrastructure is defined as a shared technology resources which is sum of all free and
licensed system software,third party services,owned or leased equipment that provide the
platform for the firm’s specific information system applications. IT infrastructure includes
hardware, software, and services that are shared across the entire firm.
2.The stages of IT infrastructure evolutions is began on the year 1930 and still it is continuing.
Electronic Accounting Machine-(1930-1950)->This era is began to replace Human effort from
accounting work.Machine started doing accounting and finance work effectivly and much more
errorfree than Human.
General-Purpose mainframe and minicomputer Era(1959-continuing)->This era has been started
by IBM, And it still persist in the position of supplying mainframe computer.Mainframe
computers are centralized computing with networks of terminal concentrated in the computing
department.In the mean while early models contained proprietary software and data.Mainframe
comuters able to process a wide variety of software and data ,It could able to process huge
amounts of data and transmission.
Personal Computer Era(1980 to Present)->Personal computers make a boom in both Home and
corporate sector .Personal computer makers like Microsoft and Apple take forward the evolution
by providing Desktops and Laptops which doubles the User effort.
Client/Server Era(1983 to Present)->as the desktop and laptop personal computers became more
powerful and cheaper, businesses began using them to replace mini-computers and some
mainframe computers by networking them together. Think of an octopus, with the body
representing the server and the tentacles representing the clients. At the heart of every network is
a server. It can be a mainframe, midrange, minicomputer, workstation, or a souped-up personal
computer.The client computer is the node on the network that users need to access and process
transactions and data through the network. Rather than one server trying to do it all, each server
is assigned a specific task on an application server.
Enterprise Internet computing Era(1992 to Present)->Perhaps no other era has seen the explosive
growth in functionality and popularity as this era. The problems created by proprietary, closed
systems are being solved by the standards and open-source software created in this era. The
promise of truly integrated hardware, softwar.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
Enhancing Performance with Globus and the Science DMZGlobus
ESnet has led the way in helping national facilities—and many other institutions in the research community—configure Science DMZs and troubleshoot network issues to maximize data transfer performance. In this talk we will present a summary of approaches and tips for getting the most out of your network infrastructure using Globus Connect Server.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
SAP Sapphire 2024 - ASUG301 building better apps with SAP Fiori.pdfPeter Spielvogel
Building better applications for business users with SAP Fiori.
• What is SAP Fiori and why it matters to you
• How a better user experience drives measurable business benefits
• How to get started with SAP Fiori today
• How SAP Fiori elements accelerates application development
• How SAP Build Code includes SAP Fiori tools and other generative artificial intelligence capabilities
• How SAP Fiori paves the way for using AI in SAP apps
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
2. 2-2 Learning Objectives The basics of Internet operations To gain a perspective on how and why the Internet operates so smoothly To identify World Wide Web attributes
3. 2-3 Cisco and the Internet’s Infrastructure What is Cisco’s contribution to the Internet?
4. 2-4 Cisco and the Internet’s Infrastructure What is Cisco’s contribution to the Internet? Cisco Systems is the undisputed worldwide leader in the manufacture and sale of internet data-networking equipment and software A good place to begin learning how the Internet works is with the role played by Cisco’s many internet related products: Routers Switches Remote Access Servers Security Systems
5. 2-5 How The Internet Works Routers Are sophisticated computers and routing protocols embedded in the software that runs them They are also called the Internet’s traffic cops
6. 2-6 How The Internet Works Servers Servers are computers and software that runs them They serve data, by storing files that other computers can access
7. 2-7 How The Internet Works Software is a set of programs that can run one, many or millions of computers They create files and documents
8. 2-8 How The Internet Works Internet services Email FTP File Transfer Protocol: A set of message formats or rules that enable a user to transfer files to and from another computer over a TCP/IP network
9. 2-9 How The Internet Works The information superhighway or infobahn was a popular term used through the 1990s to refer to digital communication systems and the internet telecommunications network Al Gore, United States Senator and later Vice-President, strongly influenced the term
10. 2-10 How The Internet Works Barriers Affordability Lack of open access Lack of freedom of speech Undercapacity Complexity Incompatible laws Lack of privacy Security Irresponsible use Can everyone use the Internet? Should marketers want everyone online? How vulnerable is the Internet?
11. 2-11 Internet Management Who manages the Internet Emarketing occurs on a global electronic network shared by millions of computers Given its size, it would be easy to assume that a powerful central international management system maintains the stability of the matrix and get all members to cooperate and coordinate their efforts
12. 2-12 Internet Management Instead, the Internet management is highly fluid, with changing contributors and highly distributed, with shifting power centers The U.S. government did not disappear from internet management It takes part in international initiatives that deal with such cross-border internet issues as jurisdiction, privacy and cyper-terrorism Jurisdiction It oversee issues related to U.S. internet operation, including spam, gambling and online pornography
13. 2-13 Internet Management Today, the Internet is run by no single entity, yet it is not unmanaged chaos online Key U.S. government agencies continue to regulate U.S. online activities The U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
14. 2-14 Internet Management Voluntary professional organizations A number of voluntary professional committees run the technical side of the Internet Much of the work is coordinated by the Internet Society (ISOC) The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Is an industry-supported organizations that develops standards for the WEB It is dedicated to maintaining the web interoperability and growth
15. 2-15 Internet Management The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) It was created by the U.S. government It is a nonprofit corporation responsible for allocating IP addresses and managing the domain name system ICANN accredits companies that register domain names for business and organizations
16. 2-16 Internet Management Self-regulation Another mechanism for managing the Internet activities is self-regulation, which frequently is undertaken to forestall the need for government regulation Another form of internet self-regulation is industry-specific
28. 2-20 How The Web Works Hyperlinks are hypertext connections Links help make the Web interactive and useful A link is a connection from a word, image or object to another area within a page
29. 2-21 How The Web Works Some sites are so complicated and poorly organized that it takes too long for visitors to drill down to a destination page Content on some web pages is hard to understand or is not informative
30. 2-22 How The Web Works Web pages and sites create marketing opportunities Web addresses are marketing tools for building awareness and directing visitors to a site All locations on the Internet and web have an address Websites are accessed using the Internet protocol (IP) and a Unique Resource Locator (URL)
31. 2-23 How The Web Works Domains and names were introduced to simplify internet addressing by allowing the substitution of words for numbers The Domain Name System (DNS) established a hierarchical order for top level and secondary-level domains Top level names = edu. Com, net, gov and the two digit Country Codes (CC) Secondary level names = second level domain appear directly before the Country Code www.co.uk.
32. 2-24 How The Web Works In 2002, seven names were added: Aero (air transport industry) Biz. (business) Coop (Cooperation) Info (unrestricted use) Museum (Museums) Name (individual) Pro (lawyers and other professions)
33. 2-25 How The Web Works The net regulator ICANN has "internationalised domain names" in non-Latin characters Egypt and Saudi Arabia have announced their intentions to apply for the first Arabic domains Egypt new domain name would be ".masr" written in the Arabic alphabet
34. 2-26 How The Web Works International companies are advised to register their domain names in all the countries where they operate and in the languages of the customers in their target market Domain names are valuable property and care should go into their construction and protection
35. 2-27 How The Web Works For domain names to have a marketing value They must be carefully worded, descriptive, clear, memorable and legally protected The longer the name, the less likely it is to be remembered Short names that evoke the image of he site are more engaging Before registering, the name should be checked to see weather it is already trademark protected
36. 2-28 How The Web Works Cypersquatter someone who registers famous names in “bad faith” to sell for profits or otherwise exploit Famous names are trademark The U.S. Anticypersquatting Consumer Protection Act of 1999 criminalizes the unauthorized use of trade-mark protected names in Internet domain addresses It remains to be seen how effective this will be in stopping worldwide names market
38. The State of Being Digital Something is digital when all of its properties and information are stored as a string of zeroes and ones Those zeroes and ones are called bits Everything on the Internet is digital The falling cost of digital technology is one of the most powerful forces in the modern economy
40. Understanding Moore’s Law Intel co-founder Gordon Moore observed that each generation of computer memory chips – released about every 18 months – could pack the same technology into half the space Source: AP/World Wide Photos
41. Understanding Moore’s Law Moore’s Law applies broadly to computing and technology costs Computer speed since the 1970s has increased roughly 75 billion times The cost of technology and storage, meanwhile, has dropped sharply
42. Putting Moore’s Law to Work Sun Microsystems as early as 1995 saved hundreds of thousands of dollars by moving to online customer support Online software distribution saved Sun an estimated $1.5 million per quarter compared to traditional distribution
43. Digital Environments Technology allows users to create virtual spaces to display information, tell stories, educate or amuse For marketers, new ways to reach consumers and promote a product
44. Key Features of Digital Environments Procedural: Computers must be taught what to do in a digital environment
45. Key Features of Digital Environments Participatory: Effectiveness depends on ease of consumer use and interactive potential
46. Key Features of Digital Environments Encyclopedic: Low cost allows almost endless storage capacity
47. Digital Convergence Cheap and powerful digital technology has contributed to the merging of industries, technology and content
48. Digital Convergence One crucial area: convergence of computing, communications and media content
49. Digital Convergence When barriers between industries fall, marketers have greater flexibility to choose the best medium for the pitch