Application of Space Technology for Water Management in IRAQ
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1) The document discusses the application of space technology for water management in Iraq, focusing on monitoring the Tigris and Euphrates river basins and marshlands. 2) It provides details on activities by the Directorate of Aeronautics and Space Technology (DAST) such as marshland monitoring using MODIS satellite images to track rehabilitation progress. 3) DAST is building a MODIS receiving ground station to support additional remote sensing monitoring of water resources in Iraq.
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This PPT dscribes the Role of Geospatial Technology in Watershed Management
Application of Remote Sensing & GIS Techniques in Watershed Management
Topic - Application of Remote Sensing
& GIS Techniques in Watershed Management
Remote sensing
Remote sensing uses sensors on satellites and aircraft to measure electromagnetic radiation from the Earth's surface. This data can be used to support fisheries and aquaculture management by providing information on sea surface temperature, ocean color, ocean salinity, land cover, and the location of coastal aquaculture structures over large geographic areas. A case study demonstrated how satellite images could map fish ponds and cages in a coastal region of the Philippines. Remote sensing will continue playing an important role in monitoring fisheries and aquaculture by providing global and repeated observations in a cost-effective manner.
Radar applications for hydrology
Contribution of Radar System.
Radar provides a capability of detection objects over great ranges through air at night and in poor weather.
Advanced Survey of Groundwater Resources of Northern and Central Turkana Coun...
The document summarizes an advanced survey of groundwater resources conducted in northern and central Turkana County, Kenya from July 2012 to June 2013. The survey was implemented by UNESCO's Groundwater Resources Investigation for Drought Mitigation in Africa Programme (GRIDMAP) and conducted by Radar Technologies International. The objectives were to assess groundwater potential and identify new resources. Methodologies included remote sensing, geophysical surveys, and modeling. Results identified over 3 billion cubic meters of annual recharge and 250 billion cubic meters of storage. Priority areas like Lodwar were found to have significant groundwater endowments. Recommendations included further research, drilling capacity building, short-term projects, and aquifer management.
Geohydrological study of weathered basement aquifers in Oban Massif and envir...
The focus of this research is to model the geohydrology of the precambrian Oban Massif using
geospatial techniques. Groundwater control indicators such as geology, geomorphology, drainage density,
lineament density, land use / land cover and slope steepness were derived from landsat ETM+
imagery, ASTER
DEM and SRTM DEM. Image processing software such as ENVI 3.2, ARC GIS9.2 and PCI Geomatica were
used for image processing , digitizing and lineament density computation respectively. Weighted averages of the
groundwater controlling factors were used to produce thematic maps of geology, lineament density, drainage
density, slope steepness, land use/land cover and geomorphological units. The thematic maps were overlaid in a
GIS environment to model the ground water potential map of the area. Arc GIS, Arc View and Map Info were
used for geographic Information System analysis. ERDAS imagine 8.6 and ENVI 4.2 were used for
georeferencing, image analysis and coordinate transformation. ASTER DEM was used for analysis of
geomorphology. For vegetation, discrimination in land cover / land use mapping band 4: 3: 2 for landsat ETM+
was used. Unsupervised was used to have a general idea of the area. Supervised classification was used for
final land use/ land cover mapping. Result show that geology, lineament density, and slope steepness are the
most influential groundwater controlling factors of groundwater potential. Their degree of influence can be
summarized as geology > lineament density> slope>geomorphology>drainage density>land use / land cover.
From the groundwater potential map, four groundwater potential zones: very good, moderately good, fair and
poor. Successful boreholes drilled in the groundwater favourable potential areas should be reticulated to the
neighbourhood with poor groundwater potentials to salvage groundwater problem in the study area.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ON DAL LAKE SRINAGAR KASHMIR
This document summarizes an environmental impact assessment of conservation measures taken to restore Dal Lake in Srinagar, Kashmir. The lake is becoming increasingly polluted due to human activities. Conservation efforts have included catchment treatment, silt and sediment control, wastewater management, controlling weed infestation, improving hydrology, combating algal blooms, and solid waste management. Engineering works in over 9,700 hectares of the lake's basin and planting of over 600,000 saplings have helped reduce silt and waste. Removal of excess water and improvements to water channels and dams have also helped increase water flow and regain over 1.5 square kilometers of the lake.
Ijciet 10 01_014
To prevent losing water resources and wetlands, and conserve existing wetlands
ecosystem for ecosystem and biodiversity services, good, wetlands habitats forstart
any sustainable development programs, it is necessary to detect, monitor and
inventory water resources and their surround uplands. Recently, AL-Razaza Lake
suffer from a critical situation because of the decreasing in the water level and
increase a salinity. We have propose a method to monitor and model the spatial and
multi-temporal changes of AL-Razaza Lake in the period 1992–2018. This study
includes pre-processing, processing and post-processing stages. In Addition, a
supervised classification was used to classify the satellite images. Validation result
reveals that the overall accuracies and kappa coefficients of the supervised
classifications were 88, 90.79, 95.94 and 87.67 respectively, and 82%, 86%, 93% and
79% respectively. The results showed that the percentage change was significant
during this period, such that the decreased surface area was from 1313.87 km2 in
1992 to 224.85 km2 in 201.The noticeable results show the rapidly decreasing in the
Lake area by 82.8% with area about 1089.02 km2 over the last three decades. All the
dehydration extended area of the Lake was replaced by soil.
Hydrographic Surveying : Safe Navigation
SAFE NAVIGATION ON THE NILE RIVER TEAM (6) MEMBERS AHMED YASSER AHMED MOHAMED NASSAR HOSSAM HASSAN RAMADAN HASSAN AHMED FAYEZ MOHAMED AHMED AHMED MOHAMED MESBAH ELSAYED AHMED ABDEL-RAHMAN GALAL ABSTRACT Millions of tons of cargo is transported over the Nile River yearly. Hundreds of Nile Cruises (Floating Hotels)operating between Luxor and Aswan. the Egyptian government gives a high priority to the improvement of safety of navigation on the Nile River. Cargo Ship Nile Cruise INTRODUCTION Transport on Nile River is for: Goods and Materials Tourists and Passengers INTRODUCTION SAFE VISUAL NAVIGATION implementation of hydrographic survey. cost effective solar-powered visual aids to navigation. Together with further development of infrastructure works along the Nile River. vessel tracking system for Nile cruise ships for lock passage planning and emergency cases. PROBLEMS OF Long duration of transport due to daylight navigation only NAVIGATION LOW FLOW OF CARGO REASONS: Unreliability of the river; no technical means for safe navigation in the navigable channel. Poor quality of services Unreliable delivery times due to grounding or technical failures of the barges. Poor quality of barges. AIM Is to define and design the main steps that should be followed now and, in the future, to achieve safe visual navigation on the Nile River. Considering (IHO) standards for hydrographic survey. HYDROGRAPHIC DATA ACQUISITION Data ACQUISITION Water level records Data Collection Vertical Position Horizontal Position Data Logging Data Processing Shoreline Survey Ortho-photos-Coordinates of First Order Points DATA ACQUISITION WATER LEVEL RECORDS Ministry of Public Works and Water Resources maintains a series of Staff Gauges along the Nile River from Aswan to the Mediterranean Sea. . The MPWWR can provide the water level reading daily. Overall, station readings are sufficient for the need of hydrographic survey. DATA ACQUISITION WATER LEVEL RECORDS Tide Guage DATA ACQUISITION VERTICAL (DEPTH) POSITION The flow depth is recorded referring to the bed level. The output data in form of chart . The output depth in the form of digital data is logged into data logger. DATA ACQUISITION HORIZONTAL POSITION boats are equipped with GPS antenna and controller. A reference installed GPS station is over a defined controlling point. Momentarily, The corrected horizontal position is logged into data logger to be integrated with vertical position. DATA ACQUISITION DATA LOGGING Data from DGPS system and digital depths from Echo sounder are logged in an ISAH data logging system (Integrated System for Hydrography). Automated DATA PROCESSING Sounding and position data are saved then processed workstation. then depths and positions are plotted on the screen and erroneous data are rejected. To produce navigation charts, depths were set to the chart datum .
Bv31291295
The document summarizes a study that assessed the vulnerability of aquifers in the Imo River Basin in southeastern Nigeria to pollution. Eight locations were investigated to determine parameters like depth to water table, recharge rate, aquifer and soil properties, topography, and hydraulic conductivity. These parameters were used in the DRASTIC model to develop a vulnerability map. The map showed that areas within the Benin Formation generally have moderate vulnerability due to fine to coarse grained sandy overburden. Higher vulnerabilities were found near Aba, while lower vulnerabilities occurred around Obibiezena and Naze. The study demonstrated the usefulness of the DRASTIC model for assessing vulnerability of aquifer systems.
A methodology to assess and evaluate rainwater harvesting techniques in (semi...
This document describes a methodology to evaluate rainwater harvesting techniques in arid and semi-arid regions. The methodology integrates engineering, biophysical, and socioeconomic criteria using analytical hierarchy process supported by geographic information systems. The methodology was tested on 58 rainwater harvesting sites in Tunisia, including jessour and tabias structures. Based on the selected criteria, over 95% of sites received low or moderate suitability scores, with only two sites receiving high suitability scores. The integrated methodology provides a flexible way to evaluate existing rainwater harvesting sites and support improvements in a cost-effective manner.
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Mapping and modeling affected areas by environment and climate stresses: Egyp...International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
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2) Key steps include conducting field surveys to validate data in pilot areas, and building maps of factors like water requirements, soil salinity, and future water budget scenarios.
3) Modeling will identify the most affected "hot spot" areas and include detailed climate-environment stress mapping and field study of selected pilot areas to characterize impacts.Sedimentation assessment of a small reservoir at afaka forest reserve, kaduna...
This document summarizes a study assessing sedimentation of a small reservoir in Afaka Forest Reserve, Kaduna, Nigeria. The key findings are:
1. Bathymetric surveys from 2004-2013 showed the reservoir's storage capacity decreased from its initial design capacity of 16,400m3 to 10,665m3, a storage loss of about 35%.
2. A linear relationship between reservoir storage capacity and age established a sedimentation rate of 221m3 per year, meaning the reservoir's storage capacity would be eliminated in 76.5 years without dredging.
3. For economic viability, the study recommends desilting the reservoir every 15 years to remove 3,280m3 of sediment and
5. PREDICTING SOIL EROSION RISK BY SWAT IN A-searchable.pdf
This document discusses using the SWAT model to predict soil erosion risk in a catchment in northern Morocco. The objective is to develop a decision support system for stakeholders managing land degradation and water resources under climate change. The study area is the 38 km2 Kalaya catchment, which receives an average of 667mm of rain annually. SWAT was calibrated and validated on streamflow and sediment concentration data from 1976-1993. Results show the model successfully simulated hydrology and sediment yield in the catchment. The developed system and model can identify high erosion risk areas and evaluate management practices to address soil degradation and climate change impacts.
mateorological and ocean monitoring satellite (2).pptx
This document summarizes meteorological and ocean monitoring satellites. It discusses the main types of meteorological satellites including geostationary and polar-orbiting satellites. It provides details on specific meteorological satellite programs run by countries and organizations like the US, Europe, India, and Japan. These include NOAA, GOES, Meteosat, Nimbus, Megha-Tropiques, and INSAT satellites. The document also describes the common sensors and image types used by these satellites like AVHRR, TOVS, and visible, infrared, water vapor images. It explains the features and uses of these different sensor images.
Challenges of land conservation in dry areas –Central Asia and the Caucasus -...
This document discusses challenges of land conservation in dry areas of Central Asia and the Caucasus. It notes issues with soil salinity, degradation of pastures and forests, and projections of decreased precipitation in the region due to climate change. It describes the CGIAR Regional Program's work on germplasm enhancement, improving water management, rehabilitation of agricultural systems, conservation agriculture, and building local capacity. Key achievements include disseminating salt-tolerant varieties; using marginal water resources, saline soils, and degraded lands for biomass production; and promoting practices like raised-bed planting, laser land leveling, and residue retention.
Artificial Recharge to Alluvial Aquifer, Northeastern Nuba Mountains, Sudan.
Many engineering geology and structural geology aspects have been used in this study, to point out the suitability of the site for artificial recharge to alluvial aquifer, such as; rocks and soil types, seepage rate, structures and lineaments. The area is under lied by basement rocks with considerable thickness (10 to 15 m) of alluvial deposit. Overall soil type is sandy soil and its seepage rate is 34.56 Liter per hour. The most existing lineaments are trending toward NW direction while rocks foliation dipping toward WWN direction. The site is satisfied to be artificial recharge.
Geospatial modelling for wetlands
This document analyzes land use and land cover change in an inland saline wetland in India between 1963-2019 using remote sensing data and field studies. Some key findings include:
- The wetland area decreased from 30% of the total lake area in 1972 to 3.2% in 2019, losing over 4% per decade on average.
- Saline soil areas are being converted to barren land. Soil and water analyses show a loss of salinity over time.
- Migratory bird numbers and species are declining as the wetland loses its saline character.
- The wetland is desiccating rapidly due to illegal salt pan encroachment, groundwater extraction, dams on rivers
Day1 2 nijsten_methodology
The document provides an overview of the Stampriet-Kalahari/Karoo Aquifer Case Study project methodology. It discusses that the project will involve a multi-disciplinary assessment of the hydrogeology, environment, socio-economics, legal and institutional factors, and existing data. Key aspects that will be assessed include the aquifer's recharge, characteristics, quality, usage, and changes over time. Indicators will be used to simplify and assess the aquifer's status. The project outputs will include structured data, thematic maps, tables, graphs and an assessment report on the current situation and future outlook.
Similar to Application of Space Technology for Water Management in IRAQ (20)
Watershed management: Role of Geospatial Technology
Watershed management: Role of Geospatial Technology
Application of Remote Sensing & GIS Techniques in Watershed Management
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Advanced Survey of Groundwater Resources of Northern and Central Turkana Coun...
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ON DAL LAKE SRINAGAR KASHMIR
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A methodology to assess and evaluate rainwater harvesting techniques in (semi...
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5. PREDICTING SOIL EROSION RISK BY SWAT IN A-searchable.pdf
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mateorological and ocean monitoring satellite (2).pptx
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Challenges of land conservation in dry areas –Central Asia and the Caucasus -...
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Artificial Recharge to Alluvial Aquifer, Northeastern Nuba Mountains, Sudan.
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- 1. Application of Space Technology for Water Management in IRAQ XVI UN/IAF Workshop on Use of Space Technology for Water Resources Management 29-30 Sep 2006, Valencia, Spain Dr. Samir S. Raouf Directorate of Aeronautics and Space Technology Ministry of Science and Technology Baghdad, IRAQ Author’s Blog
- 2. Mesopotamia (E-T) Basin • Euphrates Basin ~32 Bm3 95 % Turkey, 5% Syria. • Tigris Basin ~ 50 Bm3 20 Bm3 Turkey, 30 Bm3 Tributaries. • System Storage, ~90 Bm3 Turkey , ~14 Bm3 Syria, ~ 110 Bm3 Iraq. • Utilization ~ Iraq 90 % for Irrigation.
- 3. E-T Basin Area Distribution (UNEP 2001) Country Euphrates Tigris Km2 % Km2 % Turkey 121787 21.1 53052 14.3 Syria 94405 16.5 948 0.2 Iran - - 175386 47.2 Iraq 282532 49 142175 38.3 Saudi Arabia 77090 13.4 - - Total 576814 100 371561 100
- 4. Upper Basin • Protect Inhabited Regions from Flooding
- 5. Lower Basin
- 6. MoST/DAST Activities • Marshland Monitoring • Flood Monitoring • Monitoring of Reservoirs • Monitoring of Snow Cover in Upstream Regions • Monitoring of Change of River Path
- 7. Problems in the Marshlands Marshland 1973 Marshland 2000 Only 14.5% of the original marshland area of ~9000 sq. KM remains
- 8. Marshland Rehabilitation Program • Marshland Rehabilitation Program started immediately after the end of the war. • The Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR) in Iraq manages the project, with help from other countries, international organizations and NGOs. • The project consisted mainly of directing more water into the marshland and field activities to recover the eco-system that suffered severely from the shrinking of the marshland. • Remote Sensing contributed to the early discovery of the problem and it was used to monitor the Rehabilitation Program.
- 9. Marshland Monitoring in DAST • MODIS satellite images are widely available and provide daily coverage. • Classified regions are shown over RGB (1,4,3) true color image. • Blue – Classified Water Surface. • Red – Classified Hydrophytes. • Date 23 sep. 2003.
- 10. Marshland Now Image of the same view in sep, 23, 2006.
- 11. Progress in Marshland Recovery
- 12. Marshland in Flood Season Same area in flood season May, 21, 2006
- 13. Classified Maps of Marshland • Maps are produced for the marshland. • Blue ~ Surface Water • Green ~ Vegetation • Yellow ~ Sand • Light Red ~ Hydrophytes • Red ~ Dense Hydrophytes • Sep, 24, 2006
- 15. Flood Monitoring Basra in April 21 2006 Basra in Sep 23 2006
- 17. International Activities • UNEP Iraq Marshland Observation System http://imos.grid.unep.ch/ • UNESCO • USAID Iraqi Marsh Restorations Program http://www.iraqmarshes.org/ • Etc.,
- 18. IMOS Products
- 19. New Projects in MoST/DAST Build a MODIS receiving ground station. The station is upgradeable to other Remote Sensing Satellites. Expected to be ready in nine months.
- 20. THANK YOU