This document discusses groundwater economics and governance. It provides details on workshops held in Morocco and Lebanon to discuss challenges with groundwater management. Key topics covered include the economic value of groundwater, drivers of groundwater valuation, sectors that rely on groundwater, issues of overexploitation and depletion, and the need for integrated management approaches and good governance. Generic lessons are highlighted, such as the importance of both top-down and bottom-up management strategies and establishing rights for groundwater abstraction.
This document discusses groundwater economics and governance. It provides details on workshops held in Lebanon and Morocco to discuss challenges around groundwater management, including overexploitation, declining water tables, and the need for integrated management. Key topics covered include valuing groundwater resources, the economic contributions of sectors that rely on groundwater, and the importance of demand management and multi-stakeholder governance approaches to ensure long-term groundwater sustainability.
This document provides an overview of critical challenges facing sustainable water resource management including increasing costs of developing new water supplies, wasteful use of existing water, degradation of irrigated cropland, and groundwater depletion. It outlines a research agenda to understand how policies and institutions can help address these challenges through more effective water management, increased food production, poverty alleviation, and environmental sustainability. The goals are to understand the impacts of alternative policies on water, poverty, ecosystems, and food security and utilize this to help develop sustainable water management strategies.
Watershed management for sustainable water supplyLloyd Celeste
This document discusses watershed management and its importance for sustainable water supply. It outlines the relationship between forests and watersheds in delivering water, and explains that clearing forests reduces water quality and increases flooding risks. The document then discusses why watershed management is needed to protect water resources, the benefits it provides, and different policy issues and approaches to watershed management, including non-market and market-based incentives like payments for environmental services.
Water resources management is critical because water shortages, quality deterioration, and flood impacts require greater attention and action. Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is a process that can help countries deal with water issues in a sustainable way. IWRM calls for coordinating the development and management of water, land, and related resources to maximize economic and social welfare without compromising ecosystems. It requires integrating management between different water uses and involving various stakeholders.
This document discusses integrated watershed management. It begins by noting that water is a limited resource and that poor management could threaten access to water for many people. It then discusses various aspects of watershed management, including participatory approaches, strategies for sustainable groundwater use, the importance of tanks for irrigation, and recommended watershed activities. The key aspects covered are the importance of involving local communities, balancing water needs, and managing watersheds holistically.
This document discusses the sustainable management of water resources. It notes that river basins integrate economic, social, and environmental systems across political boundaries, so water management decisions should reflect this integrative nature. When systems are not managed sustainably, such as in the Aral Sea region where unsustainable irrigation practices depleted the sea, severe environmental, health, and economic problems can result. Achieving sustainable water resources management requires taking a basin-scale, multidisciplinary approach that considers impacts across different levels and balances current and future needs.
Integrated water resources management considers multiple perspectives in water management decisions. It aims to balance social, economic, environmental and technical factors. Key challenges include accommodating different viewpoints from governmental and interest groups, geographic regions, academic disciplines, and facilitating coordination between stakeholders. Total water management pursues the sustainable and equitable allocation of limited water resources through efficient, collaborative and adaptive long-term planning.
#Awareness#potable water criss#A slide share on Water Resource Management highlighting the emergent requirement of the shortage of potable water and the remedies to be incorporated by all stakeholders to overcome same.
This document discusses groundwater economics and governance. It provides details on workshops held in Lebanon and Morocco to discuss challenges around groundwater management, including overexploitation, declining water tables, and the need for integrated management. Key topics covered include valuing groundwater resources, the economic contributions of sectors that rely on groundwater, and the importance of demand management and multi-stakeholder governance approaches to ensure long-term groundwater sustainability.
This document provides an overview of critical challenges facing sustainable water resource management including increasing costs of developing new water supplies, wasteful use of existing water, degradation of irrigated cropland, and groundwater depletion. It outlines a research agenda to understand how policies and institutions can help address these challenges through more effective water management, increased food production, poverty alleviation, and environmental sustainability. The goals are to understand the impacts of alternative policies on water, poverty, ecosystems, and food security and utilize this to help develop sustainable water management strategies.
Watershed management for sustainable water supplyLloyd Celeste
This document discusses watershed management and its importance for sustainable water supply. It outlines the relationship between forests and watersheds in delivering water, and explains that clearing forests reduces water quality and increases flooding risks. The document then discusses why watershed management is needed to protect water resources, the benefits it provides, and different policy issues and approaches to watershed management, including non-market and market-based incentives like payments for environmental services.
Water resources management is critical because water shortages, quality deterioration, and flood impacts require greater attention and action. Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is a process that can help countries deal with water issues in a sustainable way. IWRM calls for coordinating the development and management of water, land, and related resources to maximize economic and social welfare without compromising ecosystems. It requires integrating management between different water uses and involving various stakeholders.
This document discusses integrated watershed management. It begins by noting that water is a limited resource and that poor management could threaten access to water for many people. It then discusses various aspects of watershed management, including participatory approaches, strategies for sustainable groundwater use, the importance of tanks for irrigation, and recommended watershed activities. The key aspects covered are the importance of involving local communities, balancing water needs, and managing watersheds holistically.
This document discusses the sustainable management of water resources. It notes that river basins integrate economic, social, and environmental systems across political boundaries, so water management decisions should reflect this integrative nature. When systems are not managed sustainably, such as in the Aral Sea region where unsustainable irrigation practices depleted the sea, severe environmental, health, and economic problems can result. Achieving sustainable water resources management requires taking a basin-scale, multidisciplinary approach that considers impacts across different levels and balances current and future needs.
Integrated water resources management considers multiple perspectives in water management decisions. It aims to balance social, economic, environmental and technical factors. Key challenges include accommodating different viewpoints from governmental and interest groups, geographic regions, academic disciplines, and facilitating coordination between stakeholders. Total water management pursues the sustainable and equitable allocation of limited water resources through efficient, collaborative and adaptive long-term planning.
#Awareness#potable water criss#A slide share on Water Resource Management highlighting the emergent requirement of the shortage of potable water and the remedies to be incorporated by all stakeholders to overcome same.
The document discusses integrated water resource management and its various components and challenges. It addresses managing water resources for multiple purposes across different agencies, regions, and disciplines. Integrated management considers natural water systems and promotes conservation, public health, and stakeholder involvement through a dynamic process. It emphasizes efficient agricultural water use and managing irrigation water for drinking. Conservation planning and least-cost planning are methods to balance supply and demand management.
A hand note on water resource management, specially in the context of Bangladesh. I prepared the note for the MS final exam on the course water resource management.
This document outlines India's National Water Policy from 2012. It discusses that water is a scarce resource in India given its large population and limited water resources. It identifies several concerns around water management including large parts of India becoming water stressed, inadequate water governance, impacts of climate change, and inequitable access to water. The policy proposes a framework water law, principles for water use and management, adapting to climate change, enhancing water availability, demand management, and water pricing policies.
The document discusses sustainable water management and outlines several key points:
1) Water pollution has devastating consequences and a global effort is needed to keep water clean and prevent misuse.
2) Simple individual actions like turning off taps when not in use, being careful what is poured down drains, and limiting pesticide and fertilizer use can help.
3) Cooperation across borders is essential for sustainable water management since water flows irrespective of political boundaries.
4) Several international organizations are working on initiatives to organize and promote sustainable water management.
CBD Good Practice Guide Water-powerpoint-enjaninnab
This presentation provides an overview of drinking water, biodiversity and development. It discusses how access to drinking water is a global issue, especially for the poor, and how biodiversity underpins the water cycle to supply drinking water. The document outlines topics that will be covered, including ways of thinking about these issues, legal and management approaches, and resources. It is intended to help non-commercial use and modification of the materials presented.
This document discusses integrated water resources management (IWRM) as an approach to address the global water crisis. IWRM promotes the coordinated development and management of water resources to maximize economic and social benefits in an equitable and sustainable manner. It recognizes that water is a limited resource threatened by population growth, pollution, and other factors. The document outlines challenges like water scarcity, conflicts over use, and environmental impacts. It argues that IWRM provides a framework to incorporate different stakeholder needs, policy reforms, and project experiences to move toward more sustainable water management.
Get your quality homework help now and stand out.Our professional writers are committed to excellence. We have trained the best scholars in different fields of study.Contact us now at http://www.premiumessays.net/ and place your order at affordable price done within set deadlines.We always have someone online ready to answer all your queries and take your requests.
This document discusses issues, challenges, and opportunities for cooperation in transboundary waters between China and Africa. It notes that as developing countries facing water challenges, China and African countries share common interests in sustainably managing their transboundary rivers. Key points discussed include:
- China and Africa face common challenges like balancing development and conservation, and adapting to climate change.
- Transboundary water management experiences could be shared, such as China's expertise in irrigation, hydropower, and integrated river basin management.
- Cooperative research on topics like the impacts of climate change and dams on river ecosystems could help address regional issues.
- Establishing mechanisms for equitable benefit-sharing, regional development, and transboundary environmental compensation could
Sustainable water management in agriculture in tunisiaBen Cherifa Bilel
This document summarizes a presentation about sustainable water management in Tunisian agriculture. It discusses the need to rationalize water consumption and protect resources. It proposes using integrated approaches like rehabilitating irrigation systems, disseminating technologies and knowledge, and teaching water-saving methods to farmers. These include choosing more efficient irrigation types, crops, and timing. The presentation emphasizes training programs, innovation, overcoming constraints like low water productivity, and ensuring sustainability through balanced technology, organization, and lifestyle changes. Overall, it argues that sustainable agriculture and water governance are crucial for development while preserving resources.
This document discusses water scarcity as a strategic issue requiring coordinated action from the UN. It provides background on UN-Water, the mechanism for coordinating UN actions on freshwater issues. The document then discusses the growing problem of water scarcity globally due to increasing demand, pollution, and climate change effects. It notes that by 2025, 1.8 billion people will live in areas of absolute water scarcity. The document emphasizes the need for integrated management of water resources and increased productivity of water use across sectors to address scarcity challenges.
This document discusses the impacts of urban development on water bodies. It notes that urbanization has led to a reduction in size or complete filling in of surface water bodies and their surrounding areas. This causes issues like floods, pollution, encroachment, and eutrophication of water bodies. The document also outlines some key water bodies and canals in India, and policies and laws around water resource management.
This document summarizes key concepts from a presentation on integrated water resource management (IWRM) as a tool for adaptation to climate change. IWRM can help adaptation by allowing for better water management, basin planning to identify and mitigate risks, and stakeholder participation to mobilize action and assess risks. The presentation covers climate change impacts on water resources and sectors like agriculture and health. It discusses approaches to climate change impact, adaptation and vulnerability assessments, and the use of climate change scenarios and modeling to project impacts on water resource systems.
This presentation covers the sustainable water resources in India. It also covers the concepts of sustainablity, government policies and the role of the society in promoting water sustainability.
The document discusses water and sustainable development. It notes that water is critical for socio-economic development, health, and human survival. It then outlines three global sustainable development goals related to water: 1) achieving universal access to safe drinking water and sanitation by 2030, 2) reducing water usage in various sectors and increasing productivity by 2030, and 3) increasing the number of countries implementing water rights policies by 2030. It also discusses efforts to clean the Ganges River in India through natural wastewater treatment methods and managing water withdrawals.
The document discusses integrated water resources management (IWRM) in Nepal. It begins by defining IWRM and outlining its key principles. It then describes Nepal's water resources and the various ways water is used. The document also discusses the challenges facing water management in Nepal and outlines the tools and approaches used in IWRM, including water assessments, impact assessments, and performance evaluation. It analyzes Nepal's policies and institutions related to IWRM and concludes that while IWRM principles have been adopted, developing effective local institutions remains a challenge.
Water resources assessment is important for developing and managing water resources sustainably. A water resources assessment was conducted for Guatemala City that analyzed current water usage and quality issues. It found that while Guatemala has abundant water resources, rapid population growth and lack of management have led to uneven distribution, water contamination, and overuse. Surface water is largely unusable due to pollution. The assessment evaluated water usage by sector, legislative framework, and recommended improved data collection, management, and investment in wastewater treatment to address Guatemala's water challenges.
Transboundary water sharing often causes conflicts but has generally not led to war. Developing integrated river basin management requires institutional frameworks, equitable allocation agreements, and decision support systems using shared data. The Netherlands aims to establish a global center for water law and governance to help resolve international water issues.
The document discusses water resource management in India. It provides context on the evolution of water management from a local, community-based approach historically to a more centralized, state-controlled system introduced by the British. Key points discussed include the need for integrated water resource management across sectors, the appropriate roles of government and other institutions, and benefits of decentralized water management by empowering local communities and establishing management committees.
This document discusses integrated water resource management (IWRM) and groundwater resource management. It defines IWRM as an approach that promotes coordinated development and management of land and water resources, as well as surface and groundwater. Regarding groundwater specifically, the document states that management aims to balance groundwater recharge and withdrawals to ensure long-term sustainability of resources and water quality. It notes that excessive pumping from the Aynalem well field in Mekelle, Ethiopia led to a decline in water levels and abandonment of infrastructure due to unsustainable abstraction rates that did not account for aquifer recharge limits. Proper groundwater management is needed to avoid such consequences of mismanagement.
The document outlines the course content for CVS 445: Water Resources Engineering I, including an introduction to integrated water resources management and development, water interaction and balance, catchment-based planning and management, and the legal and institutional framework for IWRM in Kenya. It also provides definitions and discussions of key concepts such as water use, water users, priorities for water use, barriers to implementing IWRM, the Dublin principles of water management, and the implications of IWRM for various sectors.
Rainwater harvesting is an important technique for water conservation and mitigating water scarcity issues around the world. It involves collecting rainwater from surfaces like rooftops and storing it for future use, which recharges groundwater supplies. The document discusses how population growth, urbanization, climate change and other factors are depleting water resources in many places. It then outlines various rainwater harvesting methods, components, benefits like reducing water demand and flooding, and some limitations. The conclusion emphasizes that rainwater harvesting is a sustainable solution for communities facing water scarcity issues.
The document discusses integrated water resource management and its various components and challenges. It addresses managing water resources for multiple purposes across different agencies, regions, and disciplines. Integrated management considers natural water systems and promotes conservation, public health, and stakeholder involvement through a dynamic process. It emphasizes efficient agricultural water use and managing irrigation water for drinking. Conservation planning and least-cost planning are methods to balance supply and demand management.
A hand note on water resource management, specially in the context of Bangladesh. I prepared the note for the MS final exam on the course water resource management.
This document outlines India's National Water Policy from 2012. It discusses that water is a scarce resource in India given its large population and limited water resources. It identifies several concerns around water management including large parts of India becoming water stressed, inadequate water governance, impacts of climate change, and inequitable access to water. The policy proposes a framework water law, principles for water use and management, adapting to climate change, enhancing water availability, demand management, and water pricing policies.
The document discusses sustainable water management and outlines several key points:
1) Water pollution has devastating consequences and a global effort is needed to keep water clean and prevent misuse.
2) Simple individual actions like turning off taps when not in use, being careful what is poured down drains, and limiting pesticide and fertilizer use can help.
3) Cooperation across borders is essential for sustainable water management since water flows irrespective of political boundaries.
4) Several international organizations are working on initiatives to organize and promote sustainable water management.
CBD Good Practice Guide Water-powerpoint-enjaninnab
This presentation provides an overview of drinking water, biodiversity and development. It discusses how access to drinking water is a global issue, especially for the poor, and how biodiversity underpins the water cycle to supply drinking water. The document outlines topics that will be covered, including ways of thinking about these issues, legal and management approaches, and resources. It is intended to help non-commercial use and modification of the materials presented.
This document discusses integrated water resources management (IWRM) as an approach to address the global water crisis. IWRM promotes the coordinated development and management of water resources to maximize economic and social benefits in an equitable and sustainable manner. It recognizes that water is a limited resource threatened by population growth, pollution, and other factors. The document outlines challenges like water scarcity, conflicts over use, and environmental impacts. It argues that IWRM provides a framework to incorporate different stakeholder needs, policy reforms, and project experiences to move toward more sustainable water management.
Get your quality homework help now and stand out.Our professional writers are committed to excellence. We have trained the best scholars in different fields of study.Contact us now at http://www.premiumessays.net/ and place your order at affordable price done within set deadlines.We always have someone online ready to answer all your queries and take your requests.
This document discusses issues, challenges, and opportunities for cooperation in transboundary waters between China and Africa. It notes that as developing countries facing water challenges, China and African countries share common interests in sustainably managing their transboundary rivers. Key points discussed include:
- China and Africa face common challenges like balancing development and conservation, and adapting to climate change.
- Transboundary water management experiences could be shared, such as China's expertise in irrigation, hydropower, and integrated river basin management.
- Cooperative research on topics like the impacts of climate change and dams on river ecosystems could help address regional issues.
- Establishing mechanisms for equitable benefit-sharing, regional development, and transboundary environmental compensation could
Sustainable water management in agriculture in tunisiaBen Cherifa Bilel
This document summarizes a presentation about sustainable water management in Tunisian agriculture. It discusses the need to rationalize water consumption and protect resources. It proposes using integrated approaches like rehabilitating irrigation systems, disseminating technologies and knowledge, and teaching water-saving methods to farmers. These include choosing more efficient irrigation types, crops, and timing. The presentation emphasizes training programs, innovation, overcoming constraints like low water productivity, and ensuring sustainability through balanced technology, organization, and lifestyle changes. Overall, it argues that sustainable agriculture and water governance are crucial for development while preserving resources.
This document discusses water scarcity as a strategic issue requiring coordinated action from the UN. It provides background on UN-Water, the mechanism for coordinating UN actions on freshwater issues. The document then discusses the growing problem of water scarcity globally due to increasing demand, pollution, and climate change effects. It notes that by 2025, 1.8 billion people will live in areas of absolute water scarcity. The document emphasizes the need for integrated management of water resources and increased productivity of water use across sectors to address scarcity challenges.
This document discusses the impacts of urban development on water bodies. It notes that urbanization has led to a reduction in size or complete filling in of surface water bodies and their surrounding areas. This causes issues like floods, pollution, encroachment, and eutrophication of water bodies. The document also outlines some key water bodies and canals in India, and policies and laws around water resource management.
This document summarizes key concepts from a presentation on integrated water resource management (IWRM) as a tool for adaptation to climate change. IWRM can help adaptation by allowing for better water management, basin planning to identify and mitigate risks, and stakeholder participation to mobilize action and assess risks. The presentation covers climate change impacts on water resources and sectors like agriculture and health. It discusses approaches to climate change impact, adaptation and vulnerability assessments, and the use of climate change scenarios and modeling to project impacts on water resource systems.
This presentation covers the sustainable water resources in India. It also covers the concepts of sustainablity, government policies and the role of the society in promoting water sustainability.
The document discusses water and sustainable development. It notes that water is critical for socio-economic development, health, and human survival. It then outlines three global sustainable development goals related to water: 1) achieving universal access to safe drinking water and sanitation by 2030, 2) reducing water usage in various sectors and increasing productivity by 2030, and 3) increasing the number of countries implementing water rights policies by 2030. It also discusses efforts to clean the Ganges River in India through natural wastewater treatment methods and managing water withdrawals.
The document discusses integrated water resources management (IWRM) in Nepal. It begins by defining IWRM and outlining its key principles. It then describes Nepal's water resources and the various ways water is used. The document also discusses the challenges facing water management in Nepal and outlines the tools and approaches used in IWRM, including water assessments, impact assessments, and performance evaluation. It analyzes Nepal's policies and institutions related to IWRM and concludes that while IWRM principles have been adopted, developing effective local institutions remains a challenge.
Water resources assessment is important for developing and managing water resources sustainably. A water resources assessment was conducted for Guatemala City that analyzed current water usage and quality issues. It found that while Guatemala has abundant water resources, rapid population growth and lack of management have led to uneven distribution, water contamination, and overuse. Surface water is largely unusable due to pollution. The assessment evaluated water usage by sector, legislative framework, and recommended improved data collection, management, and investment in wastewater treatment to address Guatemala's water challenges.
Transboundary water sharing often causes conflicts but has generally not led to war. Developing integrated river basin management requires institutional frameworks, equitable allocation agreements, and decision support systems using shared data. The Netherlands aims to establish a global center for water law and governance to help resolve international water issues.
The document discusses water resource management in India. It provides context on the evolution of water management from a local, community-based approach historically to a more centralized, state-controlled system introduced by the British. Key points discussed include the need for integrated water resource management across sectors, the appropriate roles of government and other institutions, and benefits of decentralized water management by empowering local communities and establishing management committees.
This document discusses integrated water resource management (IWRM) and groundwater resource management. It defines IWRM as an approach that promotes coordinated development and management of land and water resources, as well as surface and groundwater. Regarding groundwater specifically, the document states that management aims to balance groundwater recharge and withdrawals to ensure long-term sustainability of resources and water quality. It notes that excessive pumping from the Aynalem well field in Mekelle, Ethiopia led to a decline in water levels and abandonment of infrastructure due to unsustainable abstraction rates that did not account for aquifer recharge limits. Proper groundwater management is needed to avoid such consequences of mismanagement.
The document outlines the course content for CVS 445: Water Resources Engineering I, including an introduction to integrated water resources management and development, water interaction and balance, catchment-based planning and management, and the legal and institutional framework for IWRM in Kenya. It also provides definitions and discussions of key concepts such as water use, water users, priorities for water use, barriers to implementing IWRM, the Dublin principles of water management, and the implications of IWRM for various sectors.
Rainwater harvesting is an important technique for water conservation and mitigating water scarcity issues around the world. It involves collecting rainwater from surfaces like rooftops and storing it for future use, which recharges groundwater supplies. The document discusses how population growth, urbanization, climate change and other factors are depleting water resources in many places. It then outlines various rainwater harvesting methods, components, benefits like reducing water demand and flooding, and some limitations. The conclusion emphasizes that rainwater harvesting is a sustainable solution for communities facing water scarcity issues.
Rainwater harvesting is an important technique for water conservation and mitigating water scarcity issues around the world. It involves collecting rainwater from surfaces like rooftops and storing it for future use, which recharges groundwater supplies. The document discusses how population growth, urbanization, climate change and other factors are depleting water resources in many places. It then outlines various rainwater harvesting methods, components, benefits like reducing water demand and flooding, and some limitations. The conclusion emphasizes that rainwater harvesting is a sustainable solution for communities facing water scarcity issues.
The document discusses water scarcity issues facing the Middle East and North Africa region, noting that the region has only 4.5% of the world's population but produces half of the world's oil, yet receives only 2% of the world's rainfall. Rapid population growth is exacerbating water shortages in the region, as water withdrawals have tripled in the last 50 years and per capita water availability is projected to fall by half by 2050 under the pressures of climate change. This growing water crisis poses major challenges for national and regional food security, economic development, and political stability.
PLANNING FOR SELF RELIANT AND SUSTAINABLE CITY IN TERMS OF WATER SUPPLYshrikrishna kesharwani
This document outlines a dissertation topic on planning for a self-reliant and sustainable city in terms of water supply. The main aim is to identify solutions to make a city independent and environmentally-friendly for its water needs. The objectives include identifying existing problems, sustainability methods, and a methodology to calculate future demand. The background discusses international and national water concerns like scarcity. Major issues facing cities are identified as increased demand, groundwater depletion, and pollution. Potential solutions proposed include recycling wastewater, rainwater harvesting, and education. Parameters for analyzing solutions include cost, environmental impact, lifetime, area needs, and social acceptance. The document concludes by discussing how to calculate a city's future needs and select sustainable methods to make
This document provides an overview of watershed development. It defines a watershed as an area of land that drains water to a common point. It describes the characteristics of watersheds including size, shape, physiography, slope, climate, drainage, vegetation, geology and soils, hydrology, and socioeconomics. It outlines the objectives, advantages, management measures, types, and aims of watershed development programs. It also discusses rainwater harvesting, development work carried out in watersheds, economic assessment, and the role of cooperative societies in watershed management.
This presentation provides an overview of drinking water, biodiversity, and development. It discusses how access to drinking water is a global issue, especially for the poor, and how biodiversity underpins the water cycle which sustains life. The document outlines several good practice approaches that can be used to manage drinking water and biodiversity in an integrated way, such as legal and regulatory tools, ecosystem approaches, and integrated water resource management. Case studies are also presented.
SWaRMA_IRBM_Module1_#3, Upstream-Downstream linkages and Multi-scale IRBM, Sa...ICIMOD
This presentation is the part of 12-day (28 January–8 February 2019) training workshop on “Multi-scale Integrated River Basin Management (IRBM) from the Hindu Kush Himalayan Perspective” organized by the Strengthening Water Resources Management in Afghanistan (SWaRMA) Initiative of the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), and targeted at participants from Afghanistan.
The document provides an overview of water resource development in India. It discusses India's water resources and achievements in irrigation development. It notes that while irrigation potential created has increased, potential utilized remains lower. It also examines future water demand projections and issues around groundwater exploitation. It emphasizes the need for an integrated approach to development, improved management practices, efficient water use, and people's participation for sustainable utilization of water resources in India.
This document discusses integrated watershed management and rainwater harvesting. It covers India's water resources, watershed development and modeling, integrated watershed management approaches, water conservation techniques, and provides a case study of a successful watershed management project in Jhabua, India. The key points are:
1) Integrated watershed management aims to manage water resources in an integrated way across river basins and account for all interests. It involves community participation and addresses social and economic issues.
2) Watershed modeling uses computer models and remote sensing to help plan and manage limited water resources.
3) A case study of Jhabua, India showed how integrated management including water conservation, reforestation, and
This document discusses integrated watershed management and rainwater harvesting. It covers India's water resources, watershed development and modeling, integrated watershed management approaches, water conservation techniques, and provides a case study of a successful watershed management project in Jhabua, India. The key points are:
1) Integrated watershed management aims to manage water resources in an integrated way across river basins and account for all interests. It involves community participation and addresses social and economic issues.
2) Watershed modeling involves characterizing watershed parameters and using computer models to understand hydrological processes.
3) The case study in Jhabua showed that integrating appropriate technical measures with community participation and local capacity building can
This document discusses integrated watershed management and rainwater harvesting. It covers India's water resources, watershed development and modeling, integrated watershed management approaches, water conservation techniques, and provides a case study of a successful watershed management project in Jhabua, India. The key points are:
1) Integrated watershed management aims to manage water resources in an integrated way across river basins and account for all interests. It involves community participation and addresses social and economic issues.
2) Watershed modeling involves characterizing watersheds and using computer models to understand hydrological processes and inform management.
3) A case study of Jhabua, India showed how adopting techniques like water harvesting, re
The document provides an overview of water resource development in India. It discusses India's water resources and achievements in irrigation development. It notes that while irrigation development has increased availability, future water demand is expected to exceed supply by 2025 unless better management practices are adopted. It emphasizes the need for more efficient water utilization, increased storage, integrated management, and people's participation to achieve sustainable development of water resources in India.
The document discusses trends affecting future water demand such as population growth, urbanization, dietary changes, and climate change. It also discusses water use in agriculture, which accounts for 70% of all water use. While specialization, basin cooperation, and water reallocation can improve water productivity, water allocation has societal dimensions and economic instruments play a limited role due to issues with water markets. Overall, the document examines factors influencing water demand and supply, opportunities to improve water use efficiency, and challenges around water allocation and pricing.
- River pollution, urban flooding, and health risks are interconnected issues facing rapidly growing cities. As urban populations and impervious surfaces increase, water quality deteriorates due to inadequate wastewater treatment and increased runoff, while extreme rainfall events exacerbated by climate change raise flooding risks.
- Hydrologic and water quality models were developed to simulate current conditions and project impacts of population growth, climate change, and policy measures in selected cities. Results show that without action, flooding and waterborne diseases will increase substantially by 2030.
- Implementing integrated measures like expanded wastewater treatment, flood control infrastructure, and green infrastructure can significantly reduce flooding and health risks compared to do-nothing scenarios. However, non-structural
This document discusses three perspectives on water scarcity and economic growth: water as a publicly provided good subject to congestion, water as a conventional input into national production, and modeling water scarcity in a global CGE model. It also summarizes challenges in integrating hydrological and economic models to better understand how water scarcity may impact economic activity, growth, and trade patterns across sectors and countries. Addressing data and methodological gaps is important to improve water scarcity modeling and policy analysis.
Presentation Stephen Foster, GWP Senior AdviserGwp Sudamérica
This document discusses the need for adaptive and sustainable groundwater management. It begins by characterizing aquifer systems and risks. It then discusses challenges of managing groundwater in irrigated agricultural areas and the need for integrated, adaptive management policies. Case studies from Brazil, Argentina, Peru and other areas demonstrate issues like overpumping, pollution hazards and rising salinity. The document advocates for pragmatic planning frameworks, balancing community participation with administration. It stresses the importance of conjunctive use, numerical models, monitoring and financing management measures. Vertical integration and horizontal coordination are needed between different governing bodies. Urban groundwater also requires management to fill institutional voids and address impacts on infrastructure from an often overlooked resource.
This document discusses water resources management challenges posed by population growth, urbanization, land use changes, environmental degradation, and climate change. It emphasizes an integrated approach to water resources management (IWRM) involving all stakeholders. IWRM follows the river basin concept and promotes multi-stakeholder participation and cooperation between government agencies, civil society, and the private sector to balance competing water demands. The document outlines frameworks and principles for adaptive water resources planning and management in the face of these drivers of change.
Can we measure female social entrepreneurship? ICARDA
1st Annual Conference of the Private Sector Development Research Network:Private Enterprise and Inclusion12-13 December 2019
Presentation by Anastasia Seferiadis, Sarah Cummings and Bénédicte Gastineau
Building Climate Smart FARMERSThe Indian PerspectiveICARDA
Presented by
DR. KIRIT N SHELAT, I.A.S. (Rtd)
National Council for Climate Change, Sustainable Development and Public Leadership (NCCSD)
AHMEDABAD - INDIA
The document discusses the concepts of Food, Energy, and Water (FEW) and their interlinkages. It describes the Solar Universities Network (SUN) which has 72 registered universities working towards sustainability goals. The network is establishing guidelines around campus water, energy, and plastics use to help universities become carbon neutral. It also presents various perspectives on FEW such as production for food versus fodder, large versus small systems, and using FEW for multiple purposes.
Just Add Water: Approaches to Smart Agricultural Water ManagementICARDA
1) The document discusses approaches to smart agricultural water management including using water more productively, increasing water availability through small reservoirs and managed aquifer recharge, and bringing innovations such as solar irrigation under smarter water management.
2) It notes that water is the first and worst hit resource by climate change and is vital, connecting sectors. The Global Commission on Adaptation report emphasizes helping small-scale producers manage risks and making agriculture climate smart.
3) Pilot projects on on-grid and off-grid solar solutions for irrigation can provide energy access, food security, and incomes while diversifying power grids and reducing costs for farmers.
The DryArc Initiative aims to develop innovative and resilient agri-food systems in dryland regions through a global partnership. It will pursue two pathways: 1) combining existing technologies into systemic innovations tailored to each context, and 2) accelerating the scaling up of impact-targeted innovations. Over four phases from 2019-2030, DryArc will co-design solutions with stakeholders, strengthen capacities, and establish an enabling environment through decision support, monitoring and evaluation, and attracting investment. The goal is to transform agri-food systems and support food/nutrition security and employment in dryland regions vulnerable to problems like land degradation, water scarcity, and climate change impacts.
SUSTAINABLE SILVOPASTORAL RESTORATION TO PROMOTE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN TUNISIAICARDA
25 - 29 November 2019. Antalya, Turkey. Near East Forestry and Range Commission (NEFRC) - 24th Session
Presentation by Dr. Mounir Louhaichi
Rangeland Ecology & Management
International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas
M.Louhaichi@cigar.org
Highlights on 2019 research outputs and outcomesICARDA
18-20/11/2019. ICARDA Board of Trustees. The Program Committee of the first day was open to all staff. It included:
Highlights of recent research breakthroughs and strategic questions presented by Strategic Research Priorities (CRPs) and Cross Cutting Themes (CCTs).
This document discusses mobile data collection and the advantages of using Computer Aided Personal Interviewing (CAPI) over traditional Pen and Paper Interviewing (PAPI). It introduces Open Data Kit (ODK) as an open source mobile data collection platform that allows for quicker and easier data collection with real-time quality checks. ODK facilitates offline data collection with centralized data storage and repeat questions.
BRINGING INNOVATION AND SUSTAINABILITY ALONG THE WHOLE VALUE CHAIN IN THE MED...ICARDA
Tunis, 6-7 November 2019. Training workshop PRIMA – Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area is the most ambitious joint programme to be undertaken in the frame of Euro-Mediterranean cooperation.
Presentation by Prof. M. Hachicha National Research Institute in Rural Engineering, Water and Forestry, University of Carthage | UCAR
Utilizing the reject brine from desalination for implementing integrated agri...ICARDA
14-15 November 2019. Madrid. International Symposium on the use of Non-Conventional Waters to achieve Food Security
DESALINATION - “Advancing desalination: reducing energy consumption and environmental footprint”
Presentation by Ms Dionysia Lyra, International Centre on Biosaline Agriculture (ICBA), United Arab Emirates
The role of higher and vocational education and training in developing knowle...ICARDA
This document discusses the role of higher and vocational education in developing skills for agricultural transformation in Africa. It notes that while there are many collaborative projects focusing on research, education, and development, higher education and vocational training institutions do not always collaborate effectively. Specifically, vocational training is often focused on production rather than broader sector transformation. There are opportunities to better connect capacity development projects with development projects through student internships and theses. Improved collaboration between higher education, vocational education, and the private sector could enhance skills development and relevance for employment.
Characteristics of a winning research proposal ICARDA
Tunis, 6-7 November 2019. Training workshop PRIMA – Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area is the most ambitious joint programme to be undertaken in the frame of Euro-Mediterranean cooperation.
Yehia Selmi, co-founder, Bio-wonder, Tunisia.
28 October 2019. Cairo. On the occasion of the 10th Africa Food Day Commemoration, held in joint food and nutrition security research and innovation projects within the Africa-EU Partnership.
Panel 4: Panel 4 – Idea-carriers:
Powering dry areas by empowering food security under the context of climat...ICARDA
This document summarizes a presentation on powering dry areas through food security under climate change. It discusses critical factors like extreme poverty, environmental degradation, and climate impacts. Key themes in Tunisia include effects of climate change on agriculture/food security as population grows. The most pressing priorities are enhancing water productivity, crop improvement, managing salinity, and integrated livestock. Achievable goals include conserving water, developing drought/salt tolerant varieties, reducing yield gaps, and regional technology sharing. Key actors are researchers, farmers, and international organizations. Overall, it stresses the need for collaborative research on scenarios to ensure food/nutrition security under challenges like resource degradation and climate change.
Dr. Jacques Wery, Deputy Director General Research, ICARDA (CGIAR)
28 October 2019. On the occasion of the 10th Africa Food Day Commemoration, held in Egypt under the chairmanship of the African Union by Egypt in 2019, the North Africa event, organized by LEAP4FNSSA with the support of ARC/ Agricultural Research Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, launched a public private alliance of partners between Europe and North Africa to develop joint food and nutrition security research and innovation projects within the Africa-EU Partnership
Funding networks and mechanisms to support EU AU FNSSA R&I ICARDA
Dr. Bernard Mallet, Agriculture Projects Coordinator, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, France
28 October. On the occasion of the 10th Africa Food Day Commemoration, held in Egypt under the chairmanship of the African Union by Egypt in 2019, the North Africa event, organized by LEAP4FNSSA with the support of ARC/ Agricultural Research Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, launched a public private alliance of partners between Europe and North Africa to develop joint food and nutrition security research and innovation projects within the Africa-EU Partnership
https://www.icarda.org/media/events/building-research-and-innovation-collaborations-within-frame-african-european
Mapping suitable niche for cactus and legumes in diversified farming in drylandsICARDA
Presentation by Chandrashekhar Biradar and team.
16-18 October 2019. Hyderabad, India. TRUST: Humans, Machines & Ecosystems. This year’s Convention was hosted by The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT). The Platform is led by the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
RoHS stands for Restriction of Hazardous Substances, which is also known as t...vijaykumar292010
RoHS stands for Restriction of Hazardous Substances, which is also known as the Directive 2002/95/EC. It includes the restrictions for the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment. RoHS is a WEEE (Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment).
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Lessons from operationalizing integrated landscape approaches
Menarid: Groundwater Economics
1. Final Learning Workshop for
GEF MENARID Project
June 16-18, 2014– Beirut, Lebanon
Groundwater economics
lbouchaou@gmail.com
l.bouchaou@uiz.acma
Prof Lhoussaine Bouchaou,
University Ibn Zohr of Agadir, Morocco
President of Mroccan Chapter of IAH
2. Third Learning Workshop for
GEF MENARID Project Managers
“Groundwater economics”
10- 12 December 2013 – Agadir, Morocco
Main points highlighted and discussed
During
Mrs Lucilla Minelli, UNESCO-IHP, l.minelli@unesco.org
Prof Lhoussaine Bouchaou, University of Agadir, lbouchaou@gmail.com
3. Problematic GW water resources
Economics:
Scarcity and physical aspects
Level Depletion and quality deterioration
(overexploitation under global changes and human
pressure
Renewability for long term sustainability
Water resources management
Governance and politic aspects (managing people)
Lack of leadership for guardian
4. Sectors using gw, type of values and drivers
• Irrigated agriculture
• Drinking water for livestock
• Mining
• Manufacturing and other industries
• Water Supply
• Households
• …
Sectors of the economy that use groundwater:
5. Discussion
The central questions to answer are:
• What is the contribution of groundwater to
the economy of a country? What is the
monetary value that groundwater produces in
different sectors?
• How can you raise the importance of
groundwater by assigning an economic value
to the resource?
• How much drainable groundwater is available
in the aquifers?
6. • How much is the economy depending on
groundwater? If there was no more/less
groundwater (especially in arid regions) –
• what would be the cost of alternative sources
of water supply (desalination, waste water
treatment and reuse, import of water?)
• How the groundwater resources will develop
under the pressure of global change?
• Which management or economic options can
be derived?
7. • How to convince the users?
• Shifting to new irrigation techniques (supporting
costs…)
• Participative approaches (Aquifer contract,
cooperative…successful….)
• Valuing GW as product for livelihoods,
socioeconomic,
• What’s strategy at the international, national and
local scale?
8. 0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Année
m3/hab/an
PENURIESTRESS
M
aroc
Souss-Massa
Water ressources in the world
Note: Les ressources renouvelables correspond à la quantité maximale estimée d’eau disponible pour un pays dans une année moyenne (sur une période de référence longue)
Source: Nations Unies (Rapport Mondial sur l’Eau, 2006), Aquastat, www.fao.org (Max: >1 Mm³ / yr)
Many countries in MENA region are less thanThreshold of water scarcity of 1000
m3
/capita/yr
Available renewable water resources(m³/capita/yr)
0 10.000 12.500 15.000 17.500 20.000 22.5002.500 25.000 27.500 30.000 32.5005.000 7.500
Maroc (730)
Tunisie
Mauritanie (fleuve Sénégal)
Turquie (2 967)
Algérie
Egypte
Liban
Russie
(30 299)
Jordanie
9. society
economic
development
environment
water
scientific and Governmental authorities
– biogeography and evolutionary interest
- Provide important environment infos
Activities that imply the extraction of
water: tourism, agriculture, mining….
INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT BY THE DIFFERENT SECTORS
Expected achievements:
Agreements on the equitable use of water
Avoid desertification and degradation of
soils - Improvements of irrigation systems
Avoid rural exodus – Prevision of new
economic alternatives
New technologies for a sustainable use of
water
10. Valuing groundwater
• Globally, water issues have always been economic issues.
• Groundwater Economics explore the application of
economic evaluation and cost/benefit analysis for the use,
protection, remediation and conservation of groundwater,
considering the major economic uses of and demand for
groundwater, ecosystem context, groundwater policy and
decisions, and groundwater sustainability.
• It requires a multi-disciplinary approach that takes into
account the many interdependencies between
groundwater and food, environment, energy,
development,…
11. There are four key drivers of the value of groundwater:
•SCARCITY: The price for water generally reflects the physical costs to supply the
water (such as piping infrastructure and treatment plants) and not the actual value of
the water itself. When water is scarce, people will tend to value it more highly.
•COST OF ALTERNATIVE WATER RESOURCES: The value of
groundwater will be significantly influenced by the availability of alternative water
sources and associated costs.
•QUALITY: The value of groundwater will also depend on its quality, especially in
terms of salinity levels and pollutant concentration. Different users will place
different values on groundwater quality.
•RELIABILITY: In comparison to surface water, which is generally dependent on
short term rainfall, groundwater is less influenced by short term climatic variability
than surface water systems and consequently provides a useful ‘buffer’ in times of
reduced surface water allocations.
Drivers of value
12. GROUNDWATERGROUNDWATER
for life and livelihoodsfor life and livelihoods
• enormous social benefits from use
in urban and rural water-supply
• many countries now have large
groundwater-dependent economies
13. GROUNDWATER VITAL FOR FOOD PRODUCTION
irrigated agriculture – the major user and consumeragriculture – the major user and consumer
• farmer control, drought reliability, sediment freefarmer control, drought reliability, sediment free
• critical to improving rural livelihoods atcritical to improving rural livelihoods at
subsistence levelsubsistence level
• in commercial agriculture its use generatesin commercial agriculture its use generates
more crops and jobs per drop than surface watermore crops and jobs per drop than surface water
(given market for high-value produce)(given market for high-value produce)
14. AQUIFER DEPLETIONAQUIFER DEPLETION
social and environmental costs ofsocial and environmental costs of
accelerated and uncontrolled developmentaccelerated and uncontrolled development
phreatophytic vegetation stress
aquifer compaction
transmissivity reduction
pumping lifts/costs increase
borehole yield reduction
springflow/baseflow reduction
REVERSIBLE
INTERFERENCE
saline water intrusion
ingress of polluted water
land subsidence and related impacts
IRREVERSIBLE
DETERIORATION
15. GROUNDWATER AND THE ENVIRONMENTGROUNDWATER AND THE ENVIRONMENT
a vital role in creating/sustaining ecosystemsa vital role in creating/sustaining ecosystems
16. AQUIFER DEGRADATIONAQUIFER DEGRADATION
the root causesthe root causes
• resource governance has not kept pace with
resource development (government agencies
have focused more on development than
management )
• low public and political awareness :
– many still regard groundwater as an
unlimited and uncoupled resource
– lack of appreciation of critical linkages with
‘surface environment’ and land-use practices
18. INTEGRATED WATER MANAGEMENT
the general wisdom
• multi-disciplinary approach (managing people)
– socio-economic, legal and institutional
– (as well as) technical and environmental
• cross-sectorial vision (macro and micro level)
– urban infrastructure design and operation
– agriculture cropping policy and practice
19. GROUNDWATER RESOURCE GOVERNANCEGROUNDWATER RESOURCE GOVERNANCE
& PRACTICAL MANAGEMENT& PRACTICAL MANAGEMENT
harmonising ‘bottom-up’ and ‘top-down’harmonising ‘bottom-up’ and ‘top-down’
Economic
Instruments
Strategic Level
Local Level
Demand/Supply
Interventions
- enabling legal/institutional
framework for local action
- complementary national
policy for water, food,
energy
- role of local government
- stakeholder participation
- groundwater use
rights, etc
21. BENEFITS OF IMPROVED IRRIGATION METHODS
on real water-saving and energy conservation
engineering, agronomic
and operational measures
22. GROUNDWATER RESOURCE SAVINGSGROUNDWATER RESOURCE SAVINGS
key issues for agricultural sustainability
• improving irrigation efficiency alone does not necessarily
mean real resource savings (and can result in the reverse)
• need to constrain irrigated area and reduce groundwater
allocations
• crop changes can also be very effective for groundwater
savings (and in some cases increasing water
productivity)
23. GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENTGROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT
some special cases
• Non-Renewable Groundwater
Resources
• Conjunctive Use with Surface Water
• Groundwater in the Urban Environment
some special cases
26. Understanding groundwater
Nnnmmmm
mmmnGroundwater and surface water are
inextricably related through the
hydrologic (or water) cycle. Extracting
groundwater can impact surface water
resources and vice versa.
Historically, groundwater and surface water have been treated as separate entities.
However, in times of drought and water scarcity, understanding and managing the
interconnection between groundwater and surface water has become more important
30.
GENERIC LESSON 2
‘top-down’ and ‘bottom-up’ approaches must be
reconciled to achieve effective groundwater
management
unrealistic to provide a ‘simple blueprint’ for
groundwater management because of wide
hydrogeologic, socioeconomic and institutional diversity
GENERIC LESSON 1
31.
GENERIC LESSON 3
a local government agency having the legal mandate and
political backing to act as ‘groundwater guardian’ is
critical to successful groundwater management
GENERIC LESSON 4
to mobilise effectively it is essential to have a systematic
database of groundwater users, their use patterns and economic
characteristics
GENERIC LESSON 5
establishment of groundwater abstraction rights is
important for mobilising user participation in resource
management and eventually for resource reallocation
32.
GENERIC LESSON 6
abstraction charging is an important demand management
tool but a transparent and acceptable basis for determining
use is an essential basis for effective implementation
‘demand-side interventions’ will generally make a
bigger contribution than ‘supply-side interventions’ to
stabilising the groundwater resource balance
GENERIC LESSON 7
GENERIC LESSON 8
in demand management it is essential to focus on ‘real
water-resource savings’ and not just on increased
water-use efficiency
33. For example: inequity inFor example: inequity in
accessing irrigation wateraccessing irrigation water
Agricultural water usesAgricultural water uses
34. Management mode
Level of training of managers Low level of training of managers: 77% of managers
have no technical training.
Technical supervision 44% of farms do not benefit from coaching
Choice of the crops 17% of farmers opting for a given culture because
their expertise
Staff responsible for
irrigation
80% of irrigation managers and other workers are
ignoring the basics of rational irrigation management
Irrigation control Low adoption of irrigation management (23%)
Controlling irrigation is absent or weakly practiced
for the crops using more water (alfalfa and banana) or
occupying large areas other than citrus (cereals,
maize, potato)
DIAGNOSTIC
36. time
Average yearly input
average yearly deficit
Past Current
state
future Situation
2035
Objective of the new governance schemes :
The necessity to reach a new balance Demand/supply
Equilibrium point
When ?
Controlling demand
Mobilizing new resources
tendency
Scenario tendency
37. time
Annual average demand of
water
By type : Drinking, irrigation, industry
By source : GW, SW
By region
Annual contribution
by type : recharge, SW..
Déficit moyen annuel
past Current
Situation
futur Situation
2035
By mean of different solutions…
Quand ?
Rotation crops
Surfaces
Irrigation
Systems
lose
other 1
other n…
management
New dams
Recharge
Wastewater
Desalinization
Transferts…
38. Economical Deficit
–Low correlations
beteween irrigated
areas of a crop and
TO generated
–Vegetables generate
46% of turn over and
use only 13% of
irrigated area
% Area% Area
22 27
19
2
16
3
13
46
10
43 3
17 15
Irrigated
areas
Turn
over
Citrus (5 Dh/m3)
Cereals (2,5 Dhs/m3)
Olives (2 Dhs/m3)
Vegetables (20dh/m3)
Forages (4 Dh/m3)
Bananas (3 Dh/m3)
Other
100 % = 5,9 Mds DH133'000 ha
Inefficient crops% Production% Production
39. Socio-economic impacts of the
overexploitation of groundwater
Scénarios
Pumping
overcost
(Mdhs)
Abandoned irrigated lands Equivalent
employment
losses
Number Hectares
"Business as usual" 340 1590 20790 7 930
Conversion to micro
irrigation
273 1340 12520 6 680
Safeguard scenario 114 1050 10230 5 255
Revenues and employment
Displacement of agricultural activities
•Toward other area within Souss basin
•Towards other basins
43. Who is the decision maker?
What volumes?
Who are the users?
What use and where?
Water Crisis = Gouvernance Crisis
How to move from conflict towards partnership status?
Groundwater economics and governance
Editor's Notes
In some of these areas decisions by individual ejidatarios determine to a great extent the ways in which ecosystems are used. As an example, some ejidos have started wildlife harvesting and ecotourism programs as alternative economic incomes.
Based on our ecological surveys, we suggest that the implementation of environmental education programs will reinforce local awareness on the benefits of conserving ecosystem functions.
Since the economy depends largely on agriculture, the lack of planned strategies of water management results in desertification, soil degradation, salinity, and rural exodus
Although it is supposed that the government has designed financial programs to support the irrigation infrastructure, there is still much to do to improve the dissemination of technologies to small producers and people living in remote areas.
Trois quarts du chiffre d'affaires de la Région est généré par les produits maraîchers et les agrumes