International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
MIMO channels: optimizing throughput and reducing outage by increasing multip...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The two main aims of deploying multiple input multiple out (MIMO) are to achieve spatial diversity (improves channel reliability) and spatial multiplexing (increase data throughput). Achieving both in a given system is impossible for now, and a trade-off has to be reached as they may be conflicting objectives. The basic concept of multiplexing: divide (multiplex) transmit a data stream several branches and transmit via several (independent) channels. In this paper, we focused mainly on achieving spatial multiplexing by modeling the channel using the diagonal Bell Labs space time scheme (D-BLAST) and the vertical Bell Labs space time architecture (V-BLAST) Matlab simulations results were a lso given to further compare the advantages of spatial multiplexing.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Computationally Efficient Multi-Antenna Techniques for Multi-User Two-Way Wire...IJECEIAES
In this work, we are interested in implementing, developing and evaluating multi-antenna techniques used for multi-user two-way wireless relay networks that provide a good tradeoff between the computational complexity and performance in terms of symbol error rate and achievable data rate. In particular, a variety of newly multi-antenna techniques is proposed and studied. Some techniques based on orthogonal projection enjoy low computational complexity. However, the performance penalty associated with them is high. Other techniques based on maximum likelihood strategy enjoy high performance, however, they suffer from very high computational complexity. The Other techniques based on randomization strategy provide a good trade-off between the computational complexity and performance where they enjoy low computational complexity with almost the same performance as compared to the techniques based on maximum likelihood strategy.
This paper discusses constructing optimal frequency hopping sequences for use in TDMA-FDMA cellular systems operating in fading channels. It reviews conditions for frequency and time channels to fade independently based on coherence time and bandwidth. The paper presents an algebraic construction of frequency hopping sequences based on linear congruences that guarantees sufficient channel separation to achieve maximum frequency diversity. Examples applicable to the GSM system are provided.
Influence of channel fading correlation on performance of detector algorithms...csandit
This paper analyzes the impact of fading correlation and cross polarization coupling on the
error performance of V-BLAST MIMO system that employs detector algorithms like ZF, MMSE
and ML with ordering and successive cancellation. Simulation results show the BER
performance of these detectors for different modulation schemes. It is observed that lesser the
channel fading correlation and cross polarization coupling values better is the performance of
these detectors. Study is extended to see the effect of transmit and receive antenna correlation
on Ergodic MIMO capacity.
Index modulation is one of the promising techniques for future communications systems due to many improvement over the classical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems such as single RF chain, increased throughput for the same modulation order, achieved tradeoff between the efficiencies of the power and the spectral, and elimination of inter-channel interference. Many forms of index modulation researches exist where symbols are conveyed in antennas, subcarriers, time slots, and the space-time matrix. Spatial modulation is one member of index modulation family where symbols are conveyed in activating transmit/receive antennas. In this paper, a modification to a standard multiple input single output scheme by integrating spatial modulation using simplified mathematical procedure is achieved. In the transmitter side, data and activation symbols are distributed simultaneously using mathematical module and floor functions. At the receiver, a simplified maximum likelihood detector is used to obtain transmitted pair of symbols. To verify this, MATLAB simulink is used to simulate a downlink system where spatial modulation is applied to a base station. Results for different transmit antenna number and modulation order are obtained in the form of bit error rate versus signal to noise ratio.
This document discusses two schemes for implementing multirate transmission in fiber-optic code-division multiple access (CDMA) networks: the parallel scheme and the serial mapping scheme. The parallel scheme assigns each user multiple addresses based on their data rate and encodes bits in parallel. The serial mapping scheme encodes bits serially using optical orthogonal codes (OOCs) constructed from frequency hop codes. Analysis shows the parallel scheme can support error correction coding to increase network capacity, while the serial mapping performs well even without coding. Both schemes allow accommodating high numbers of multirate users without increasing optical processing complexity.
MIMO channels: optimizing throughput and reducing outage by increasing multip...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The two main aims of deploying multiple input multiple out (MIMO) are to achieve spatial diversity (improves channel reliability) and spatial multiplexing (increase data throughput). Achieving both in a given system is impossible for now, and a trade-off has to be reached as they may be conflicting objectives. The basic concept of multiplexing: divide (multiplex) transmit a data stream several branches and transmit via several (independent) channels. In this paper, we focused mainly on achieving spatial multiplexing by modeling the channel using the diagonal Bell Labs space time scheme (D-BLAST) and the vertical Bell Labs space time architecture (V-BLAST) Matlab simulations results were a lso given to further compare the advantages of spatial multiplexing.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Computationally Efficient Multi-Antenna Techniques for Multi-User Two-Way Wire...IJECEIAES
In this work, we are interested in implementing, developing and evaluating multi-antenna techniques used for multi-user two-way wireless relay networks that provide a good tradeoff between the computational complexity and performance in terms of symbol error rate and achievable data rate. In particular, a variety of newly multi-antenna techniques is proposed and studied. Some techniques based on orthogonal projection enjoy low computational complexity. However, the performance penalty associated with them is high. Other techniques based on maximum likelihood strategy enjoy high performance, however, they suffer from very high computational complexity. The Other techniques based on randomization strategy provide a good trade-off between the computational complexity and performance where they enjoy low computational complexity with almost the same performance as compared to the techniques based on maximum likelihood strategy.
This paper discusses constructing optimal frequency hopping sequences for use in TDMA-FDMA cellular systems operating in fading channels. It reviews conditions for frequency and time channels to fade independently based on coherence time and bandwidth. The paper presents an algebraic construction of frequency hopping sequences based on linear congruences that guarantees sufficient channel separation to achieve maximum frequency diversity. Examples applicable to the GSM system are provided.
Influence of channel fading correlation on performance of detector algorithms...csandit
This paper analyzes the impact of fading correlation and cross polarization coupling on the
error performance of V-BLAST MIMO system that employs detector algorithms like ZF, MMSE
and ML with ordering and successive cancellation. Simulation results show the BER
performance of these detectors for different modulation schemes. It is observed that lesser the
channel fading correlation and cross polarization coupling values better is the performance of
these detectors. Study is extended to see the effect of transmit and receive antenna correlation
on Ergodic MIMO capacity.
Index modulation is one of the promising techniques for future communications systems due to many improvement over the classical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems such as single RF chain, increased throughput for the same modulation order, achieved tradeoff between the efficiencies of the power and the spectral, and elimination of inter-channel interference. Many forms of index modulation researches exist where symbols are conveyed in antennas, subcarriers, time slots, and the space-time matrix. Spatial modulation is one member of index modulation family where symbols are conveyed in activating transmit/receive antennas. In this paper, a modification to a standard multiple input single output scheme by integrating spatial modulation using simplified mathematical procedure is achieved. In the transmitter side, data and activation symbols are distributed simultaneously using mathematical module and floor functions. At the receiver, a simplified maximum likelihood detector is used to obtain transmitted pair of symbols. To verify this, MATLAB simulink is used to simulate a downlink system where spatial modulation is applied to a base station. Results for different transmit antenna number and modulation order are obtained in the form of bit error rate versus signal to noise ratio.
This document discusses two schemes for implementing multirate transmission in fiber-optic code-division multiple access (CDMA) networks: the parallel scheme and the serial mapping scheme. The parallel scheme assigns each user multiple addresses based on their data rate and encodes bits in parallel. The serial mapping scheme encodes bits serially using optical orthogonal codes (OOCs) constructed from frequency hop codes. Analysis shows the parallel scheme can support error correction coding to increase network capacity, while the serial mapping performs well even without coding. Both schemes allow accommodating high numbers of multirate users without increasing optical processing complexity.
Energy Efficiency of MIMO-OFDM Communication SystemIJERA Editor
The document discusses the energy efficiency of MIMO-OFDM communication systems. It begins with an introduction to the need for high-speed communication networks to meet increasing data demands. It then describes how MIMO and OFDM technologies can be combined to enhance data rates over frequency-selective fading channels. The document presents the system model of a MIMO-OFDM system using adaptive beamforming to mitigate co-channel interference at the satellite. Simulation results using MATLAB show that MIMO-OFDM systems have better performance than other modulation schemes in terms of lower bit error rate and mean square error.
IRJET- Study of MIMO Precoding Techniques and their Application using Joi...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study of MIMO precoding techniques and their application using joint spatial-division and multiplexing (JSDM) to address challenges in frequency-division duplex massive MIMO systems. It proposes a two-tier precoding approach with an outer precoder to mitigate inter-cluster interference based on statistical channel information and an inner precoder to spatially multiplex intra-cluster users. This approach reduces overhead and complexity compared to conventional techniques by exploiting channel correlations between users within clusters. The document also derives an iterative algorithm to track the outer precoder online and analyzes its tracking performance over time-varying channels.
IRJET- BER Reduction of Distributed Spatial Modulation in Cooperative Relay N...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on reducing bit error rate (BER) of distributed spatial modulation in cooperative relay networks for cellular systems. The key points are:
1) Distributed spatial modulation (DSM) is proposed to overcome limitations of spatial modulation for mobile terminals by using multiple cooperative relays to form a virtual antenna array.
2) In DSM, source information is broadcast to relays and one relay is selected to forward the information to the destination, reducing transmit power.
3) A DSM-OFDM protocol is proposed where only one relay transmits per OFDM subcarrier while others transmit zero power.
4) Simulation results show the proposed DSM-OFDM scheme achieves
This document discusses matrix inversion techniques for MIMO wireless communication systems. It begins by introducing how matrix inversion is used in algorithms for MIMO systems and standards like 802.11n. Existing matrix inversion approaches cannot achieve the performance needed for real-time 802.11n systems. The document then presents a new matrix inversion algorithm based on modified squared Givens rotations (MSGR) that enables real-time implementation with high throughput and low latency. This algorithm overcomes limitations of other QR decomposition techniques. Finally, the document evaluates this algorithm integrated into a MIMO receiver and demonstrates it can support the requirements of modern wireless standards like 802.11n.
Broad-Spectrum Model for Sharing Analysis between IMTAdvanced Systems and FSS...IOSRJECE
An appraisal of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) accredited for IMT-Advanced has been well thought-out in this letter. Derivation of the power spectral density (PSD) produce new model which easily assess the interfering signal power that appears in the band of a victim system without a spectrum emission mask. Furthermore, the broad-spectrum investigative model (BIM) can assess the interference from the 4G systems into FSS systems, when transmit power is unallocated to some sub-carriers overlapping the band of the victim system. Closed form is derived to create the model.
COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF VBLAST ENCODED 8×8 MIMO MC-CDMA WIRELES...pijans
The bit error rate performance of a V-Blast encoded 8x8 MIMO MC-CDMA wireless communication system
for different signal detection (MMSE and ZF) and digital modulation (BPSK, QPSK, DPSK, and 4QAM)
schemes for grayscale image transmission has been investigated in this paper. The proposed wireless system
employ ½-rated Convolution and cyclic redundancy check (CRC) channel encoding over the AWGN channel
and Walsh Hadamard code as an orthogonal spread code. The present Matlab based simulation study
demonstrates that the V-Blast encoded 8×8 MIMO MC-CDMA wireless system with the employment of 1⁄2-
rated convolution and cyclic redundancy check (CRC) channel encoding strategies shows good performance
utilizing BPSK digital modulation and ZF signal detection scheme in grayscale image transmission
This document summarizes a research paper on developing a reconfigurable hardware architecture for implementing maximum likelihood (ML) decoding algorithms in MIMO systems. It begins by introducing MIMO techniques for improving wireless communication throughput. It then describes various MIMO receiver algorithms and chooses ML for its best performance. The document outlines the ML decoding algorithm and presents a Simulink model. It discusses implementing the MIMO decoder as a modular, reconfigurable architecture on an FPGA and shows placement results on a Xilinx Virtex 4 chip. The work aims to provide flexible hardware for MIMO signal processing applications.
Investigating the Effect of Mutual Coupling on SVD Based Beam-forming over MI...CSCJournals
This paper investigates the effect of mutual coupling on the performance of SVD based beam-forming technique over a Rician MIMO channel. SVD based beam-forming technique were proposed as a baseband signal processing algorithm to combat NLOS issues. However, most of the researches done in regards to SVD based beam-forming technique are based on the assumption of “ideal array antennas” in which lots of practical issues including the transmitter and receiver array geometry, the number of antenna elements, the inter-element spacing and orientation are not considered. Particularly, the effect of mutual coupling due to finite element spacing is neglected. In real array antennas, Mutual Coupling (MC) is always present and its effects cannot be neglected, especially for tightly spaced arrays. Although the presence of mutual coupling leads to the “cross talk” problems for the SVD based beam-forming techniques. However, it does not adversely affect the system capacity. For some particular range of SNR, inter-element spacing, mutual coupling can in fact increase the capacity and in fact be beneficial in terms of decreasing SER
This document summarizes a research paper that evaluates the performance of different MIMO techniques for MIMO-OFDM systems. It describes spatial multiplexing (SM), space time block coding (STBC), and a hybrid model combining SM and STBC. A simulation model of a 4x4 antenna hybrid MIMO-OFDM system is developed. Results show the hybrid system provides lower bit error rates than SM or STBC systems alone, improving both data rate and link reliability for wireless communication.
Transceiver Design for MIMO Systems with Individual Transmit Power ConstraintsIJECEIAES
This paper investigate the transceiver design for single-user multiple-input multiple- output system (SU-MIMO). Joint transceiver design with an improper modulation is developed based on the minimum total mean-squared error (TMSE) criterion under two different cases. One is equal power allocation (EPA) and other is the power constraint that jointly meets both EPA and total transmit power constraint (TTPC) (i.e ITPC). Transceiver is designed based on the assumption that both the perfect and imperfect channel state information (CSI) is available at both the transmitter and receiver. The simulation results show the performance improvement of the proposed work over conventional work in terms of bit error rate (BER).
A Potent MIMO–OFDM System Designed for Optimum BER and its Performance Anal...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
IMPROVEMENT OF LTE DOWNLINK SYSTEM PERFORMANCES USING THE LAGRANGE POLYNOMIAL...IJCNCJournal
The document describes research on improving the performance of LTE downlink systems using Lagrange polynomial interpolation for channel estimation. It presents the MIMO-OFDM transmission scheme used in LTE and discusses various channel estimation techniques including linear, sinus cardinal, Newton polynomial, and Lagrange polynomial interpolation. Simulation results show that Lagrange polynomial interpolation outperforms other methods in terms of block error rate, throughput, and error vector magnitude versus signal-to-noise ratio. The optimal order of the Lagrange polynomial is determined by evaluating performance for different orders.
DESIGN OF A COMPACT CIRCULAR MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR WLAN APPLICATIONS pijans
This paper presents the design of a compact circular microstrip patch antenna for WLAN applications which covers the band 5.15 to 5.825 GHz. The antenna is designed using 1.4mm thick FR-4 (lossy)substrate with relative permittivity 4.4 and a microstrip line feed is used. The radius of the circular patch is chosen as 7.62mm. To reduce the size and enhance the performance of the proposed antenna, a circular slot is loaded on circular patch and a square slot is etched on the ground plane of dimension 30mm×30mm. Design of the antenna is carried out using CST Microsoft Studio Sonimulation Software. The proposed antenna resonates at 5.5 GHz with a wider bandwidth of 702 MHz and it provides low return loss of -31.58 dB, good gain of 3.23 dB and directivity of 4.28 dBi and high efficiency of around 79% against the resonance frequency. The geometry of the proposed circular antenna with reduced size and its various performance parameters such as return loss, bandwidth, VSWR, gain, directivity, efficiency and radiation pattern plots are presented and discussed.
Study on transmission over Nakagami-m fading channel for multiple access sche...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper, a downlink performance in non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system is considered. With regard to different priority for two NOMA users, we exploit the closed-form expressions of outage probability over wireless fading channel following Nakagami-m fading. The fixed power allocation factor scheme is examined to reduce the complexity in computation regarding performance analysis. In our analysis, perfect successive interference cancellation (SIC) is applied in order to achieve perfect signal decoding operation. Simulation results show that the considered NOMA downlink scheme is affected by transmit SNR, power allocation factors, fading parameters.
An Efficient Performance of Mimo - Ofdm Based Cognitieve Radio System for Arr...IOSR Journals
Abstract: The wireless channel is central within this context, thus estimating the channel is the key to make CR operational, taking in consideration that the transmission-reception technology is available. In this thesis, we design a MIMO system using OFDM modulation technology to transmit and receive two signals over the mobile wireless channel. First formulate the pilot design as a new optimization problem. We use MIMO concept to enhance system capacity and robustness of the wireless transmission. In Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) based cognitive radio (CR) systems, with the increasing demand for data rate and reliability in Wireless communicationsand devices, several issues become very important like bandwidth efficiency, quality of service and radio coverage. In this new scheme, adaptive arrays are group-selected in the spatial domain. Simulation shows that the proposed system can get significant performance improvements over the conventional array based OFDM systems over frequency-selective multipath fading channels with cognitive radio (CR) system. Keywords: Cognitive radios, MIMO, OFDM, and Joint transmit and receive group selected arrays.
1) The document describes a model for a wireless communication channel with multiple transmit and receive antennas, known as a MIMO channel. It accounts for multipath propagation through multiple propagation paths.
2) The capacity of the MIMO channel is analyzed. It is shown that multipath can substantially improve capacity over SISO, SIMO, and MISO channels if the number of multipath components exceeds a certain value. In this case, the capacity slope can be proportional to the number of antennas.
3) Two coding structures, STVC and DMMT, are proposed to achieve the MIMO channel capacity. STVC has very high complexity while DMMT has reduced complexity but can still achieve full channel capacity asymptot
1) The document analyzes the effect of intercarrier interference (ICI) on single carrier orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (SC-OFDM) systems.
2) It proposes a novel magnitude-keyed modulation scheme that provides SC-OFDM immunity to ICI. This outperforms other modulation schemes like OFDM, SC-OFDM, and MC-CDMA that use phase shift keying or quadrature amplitude modulation in environments with severe ICI.
3) The analysis shows that the effect of ICI on SC-OFDM signals is simply a phase offset on each data symbol, whereas ICI introduces interference between subcarriers for OFDM. Therefore, SC-OFDM has significantly better performance
3D METALLIC PLATE LENS ANTENNA BASED BEAMSPACE CHANNEL ESTIMATION TECHNIQUE F...ijwmn
Beamspace channel estimation mechanism for massive MIMO (multiple input multiple output) antenna
system presents a major process to compensate the 5G spectrum challenges caused by the proliferation of
information from mobile devices. However, this estimation is required to ensure the perfect channel state
information (CSI) for lower amount of Radio Frequency (RF) chains for each beam. In addition, phase
shifter (PS) components used in this estimation need high power to select the beam in the desired direction.
To overcome these limitations, in this work, we propose Regular Scanning Support Detection (RSSD)
based channel estimation mechanism. Moreover, we utilise a 3D lens antenna array having metallic plate
and a switch in our model which compensates the limitation of phase shifters. Simulation results show that
the proposed RSSD based channel estimation surpasses traditional technique and SD based channel
estimation even in lower SNR area which is highly desirable in the millimeter wave (mmWave) massive
MIMO systems.
Bit error rate analysis of miso system in rayleigh fading channeleSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
La norma de seguridad no es sólo válida para grandes negocios de TI, sino para otros tipos de negocios y de menor tamaño.
Se darán algunas directrices de lo que los propietarios de estos negocios deben considerar para proteger y como pueden hacerlo basándose en la norma. El objetivo es exponer la importancia de la seguridad de la información en todos los negocios.
אבולוציה במקום רבולוציה - הצעה לשיפוץ כיכר דיזנגוףsomaarc
תכנית שינויים בכיכר דיזנגוף, שנעשתה על ידי משרד סומה אדריכלים המציעה להשאיר את הכיכר במצבה המוגבה הנוכחי. ההצעה נעשתה ביוזמת המשרד מתוך רצון לתרום לשיח הציבורי על הכיכר.
http://www.soma.co.il
מי שרוצה להעמיק בהצעה:
http://soma.blogli.co.il/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6jjREnQohKs
Energy Efficiency of MIMO-OFDM Communication SystemIJERA Editor
The document discusses the energy efficiency of MIMO-OFDM communication systems. It begins with an introduction to the need for high-speed communication networks to meet increasing data demands. It then describes how MIMO and OFDM technologies can be combined to enhance data rates over frequency-selective fading channels. The document presents the system model of a MIMO-OFDM system using adaptive beamforming to mitigate co-channel interference at the satellite. Simulation results using MATLAB show that MIMO-OFDM systems have better performance than other modulation schemes in terms of lower bit error rate and mean square error.
IRJET- Study of MIMO Precoding Techniques and their Application using Joi...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study of MIMO precoding techniques and their application using joint spatial-division and multiplexing (JSDM) to address challenges in frequency-division duplex massive MIMO systems. It proposes a two-tier precoding approach with an outer precoder to mitigate inter-cluster interference based on statistical channel information and an inner precoder to spatially multiplex intra-cluster users. This approach reduces overhead and complexity compared to conventional techniques by exploiting channel correlations between users within clusters. The document also derives an iterative algorithm to track the outer precoder online and analyzes its tracking performance over time-varying channels.
IRJET- BER Reduction of Distributed Spatial Modulation in Cooperative Relay N...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on reducing bit error rate (BER) of distributed spatial modulation in cooperative relay networks for cellular systems. The key points are:
1) Distributed spatial modulation (DSM) is proposed to overcome limitations of spatial modulation for mobile terminals by using multiple cooperative relays to form a virtual antenna array.
2) In DSM, source information is broadcast to relays and one relay is selected to forward the information to the destination, reducing transmit power.
3) A DSM-OFDM protocol is proposed where only one relay transmits per OFDM subcarrier while others transmit zero power.
4) Simulation results show the proposed DSM-OFDM scheme achieves
This document discusses matrix inversion techniques for MIMO wireless communication systems. It begins by introducing how matrix inversion is used in algorithms for MIMO systems and standards like 802.11n. Existing matrix inversion approaches cannot achieve the performance needed for real-time 802.11n systems. The document then presents a new matrix inversion algorithm based on modified squared Givens rotations (MSGR) that enables real-time implementation with high throughput and low latency. This algorithm overcomes limitations of other QR decomposition techniques. Finally, the document evaluates this algorithm integrated into a MIMO receiver and demonstrates it can support the requirements of modern wireless standards like 802.11n.
Broad-Spectrum Model for Sharing Analysis between IMTAdvanced Systems and FSS...IOSRJECE
An appraisal of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) accredited for IMT-Advanced has been well thought-out in this letter. Derivation of the power spectral density (PSD) produce new model which easily assess the interfering signal power that appears in the band of a victim system without a spectrum emission mask. Furthermore, the broad-spectrum investigative model (BIM) can assess the interference from the 4G systems into FSS systems, when transmit power is unallocated to some sub-carriers overlapping the band of the victim system. Closed form is derived to create the model.
COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF VBLAST ENCODED 8×8 MIMO MC-CDMA WIRELES...pijans
The bit error rate performance of a V-Blast encoded 8x8 MIMO MC-CDMA wireless communication system
for different signal detection (MMSE and ZF) and digital modulation (BPSK, QPSK, DPSK, and 4QAM)
schemes for grayscale image transmission has been investigated in this paper. The proposed wireless system
employ ½-rated Convolution and cyclic redundancy check (CRC) channel encoding over the AWGN channel
and Walsh Hadamard code as an orthogonal spread code. The present Matlab based simulation study
demonstrates that the V-Blast encoded 8×8 MIMO MC-CDMA wireless system with the employment of 1⁄2-
rated convolution and cyclic redundancy check (CRC) channel encoding strategies shows good performance
utilizing BPSK digital modulation and ZF signal detection scheme in grayscale image transmission
This document summarizes a research paper on developing a reconfigurable hardware architecture for implementing maximum likelihood (ML) decoding algorithms in MIMO systems. It begins by introducing MIMO techniques for improving wireless communication throughput. It then describes various MIMO receiver algorithms and chooses ML for its best performance. The document outlines the ML decoding algorithm and presents a Simulink model. It discusses implementing the MIMO decoder as a modular, reconfigurable architecture on an FPGA and shows placement results on a Xilinx Virtex 4 chip. The work aims to provide flexible hardware for MIMO signal processing applications.
Investigating the Effect of Mutual Coupling on SVD Based Beam-forming over MI...CSCJournals
This paper investigates the effect of mutual coupling on the performance of SVD based beam-forming technique over a Rician MIMO channel. SVD based beam-forming technique were proposed as a baseband signal processing algorithm to combat NLOS issues. However, most of the researches done in regards to SVD based beam-forming technique are based on the assumption of “ideal array antennas” in which lots of practical issues including the transmitter and receiver array geometry, the number of antenna elements, the inter-element spacing and orientation are not considered. Particularly, the effect of mutual coupling due to finite element spacing is neglected. In real array antennas, Mutual Coupling (MC) is always present and its effects cannot be neglected, especially for tightly spaced arrays. Although the presence of mutual coupling leads to the “cross talk” problems for the SVD based beam-forming techniques. However, it does not adversely affect the system capacity. For some particular range of SNR, inter-element spacing, mutual coupling can in fact increase the capacity and in fact be beneficial in terms of decreasing SER
This document summarizes a research paper that evaluates the performance of different MIMO techniques for MIMO-OFDM systems. It describes spatial multiplexing (SM), space time block coding (STBC), and a hybrid model combining SM and STBC. A simulation model of a 4x4 antenna hybrid MIMO-OFDM system is developed. Results show the hybrid system provides lower bit error rates than SM or STBC systems alone, improving both data rate and link reliability for wireless communication.
Transceiver Design for MIMO Systems with Individual Transmit Power ConstraintsIJECEIAES
This paper investigate the transceiver design for single-user multiple-input multiple- output system (SU-MIMO). Joint transceiver design with an improper modulation is developed based on the minimum total mean-squared error (TMSE) criterion under two different cases. One is equal power allocation (EPA) and other is the power constraint that jointly meets both EPA and total transmit power constraint (TTPC) (i.e ITPC). Transceiver is designed based on the assumption that both the perfect and imperfect channel state information (CSI) is available at both the transmitter and receiver. The simulation results show the performance improvement of the proposed work over conventional work in terms of bit error rate (BER).
A Potent MIMO–OFDM System Designed for Optimum BER and its Performance Anal...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
IMPROVEMENT OF LTE DOWNLINK SYSTEM PERFORMANCES USING THE LAGRANGE POLYNOMIAL...IJCNCJournal
The document describes research on improving the performance of LTE downlink systems using Lagrange polynomial interpolation for channel estimation. It presents the MIMO-OFDM transmission scheme used in LTE and discusses various channel estimation techniques including linear, sinus cardinal, Newton polynomial, and Lagrange polynomial interpolation. Simulation results show that Lagrange polynomial interpolation outperforms other methods in terms of block error rate, throughput, and error vector magnitude versus signal-to-noise ratio. The optimal order of the Lagrange polynomial is determined by evaluating performance for different orders.
DESIGN OF A COMPACT CIRCULAR MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR WLAN APPLICATIONS pijans
This paper presents the design of a compact circular microstrip patch antenna for WLAN applications which covers the band 5.15 to 5.825 GHz. The antenna is designed using 1.4mm thick FR-4 (lossy)substrate with relative permittivity 4.4 and a microstrip line feed is used. The radius of the circular patch is chosen as 7.62mm. To reduce the size and enhance the performance of the proposed antenna, a circular slot is loaded on circular patch and a square slot is etched on the ground plane of dimension 30mm×30mm. Design of the antenna is carried out using CST Microsoft Studio Sonimulation Software. The proposed antenna resonates at 5.5 GHz with a wider bandwidth of 702 MHz and it provides low return loss of -31.58 dB, good gain of 3.23 dB and directivity of 4.28 dBi and high efficiency of around 79% against the resonance frequency. The geometry of the proposed circular antenna with reduced size and its various performance parameters such as return loss, bandwidth, VSWR, gain, directivity, efficiency and radiation pattern plots are presented and discussed.
Study on transmission over Nakagami-m fading channel for multiple access sche...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper, a downlink performance in non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system is considered. With regard to different priority for two NOMA users, we exploit the closed-form expressions of outage probability over wireless fading channel following Nakagami-m fading. The fixed power allocation factor scheme is examined to reduce the complexity in computation regarding performance analysis. In our analysis, perfect successive interference cancellation (SIC) is applied in order to achieve perfect signal decoding operation. Simulation results show that the considered NOMA downlink scheme is affected by transmit SNR, power allocation factors, fading parameters.
An Efficient Performance of Mimo - Ofdm Based Cognitieve Radio System for Arr...IOSR Journals
Abstract: The wireless channel is central within this context, thus estimating the channel is the key to make CR operational, taking in consideration that the transmission-reception technology is available. In this thesis, we design a MIMO system using OFDM modulation technology to transmit and receive two signals over the mobile wireless channel. First formulate the pilot design as a new optimization problem. We use MIMO concept to enhance system capacity and robustness of the wireless transmission. In Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) based cognitive radio (CR) systems, with the increasing demand for data rate and reliability in Wireless communicationsand devices, several issues become very important like bandwidth efficiency, quality of service and radio coverage. In this new scheme, adaptive arrays are group-selected in the spatial domain. Simulation shows that the proposed system can get significant performance improvements over the conventional array based OFDM systems over frequency-selective multipath fading channels with cognitive radio (CR) system. Keywords: Cognitive radios, MIMO, OFDM, and Joint transmit and receive group selected arrays.
1) The document describes a model for a wireless communication channel with multiple transmit and receive antennas, known as a MIMO channel. It accounts for multipath propagation through multiple propagation paths.
2) The capacity of the MIMO channel is analyzed. It is shown that multipath can substantially improve capacity over SISO, SIMO, and MISO channels if the number of multipath components exceeds a certain value. In this case, the capacity slope can be proportional to the number of antennas.
3) Two coding structures, STVC and DMMT, are proposed to achieve the MIMO channel capacity. STVC has very high complexity while DMMT has reduced complexity but can still achieve full channel capacity asymptot
1) The document analyzes the effect of intercarrier interference (ICI) on single carrier orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (SC-OFDM) systems.
2) It proposes a novel magnitude-keyed modulation scheme that provides SC-OFDM immunity to ICI. This outperforms other modulation schemes like OFDM, SC-OFDM, and MC-CDMA that use phase shift keying or quadrature amplitude modulation in environments with severe ICI.
3) The analysis shows that the effect of ICI on SC-OFDM signals is simply a phase offset on each data symbol, whereas ICI introduces interference between subcarriers for OFDM. Therefore, SC-OFDM has significantly better performance
3D METALLIC PLATE LENS ANTENNA BASED BEAMSPACE CHANNEL ESTIMATION TECHNIQUE F...ijwmn
Beamspace channel estimation mechanism for massive MIMO (multiple input multiple output) antenna
system presents a major process to compensate the 5G spectrum challenges caused by the proliferation of
information from mobile devices. However, this estimation is required to ensure the perfect channel state
information (CSI) for lower amount of Radio Frequency (RF) chains for each beam. In addition, phase
shifter (PS) components used in this estimation need high power to select the beam in the desired direction.
To overcome these limitations, in this work, we propose Regular Scanning Support Detection (RSSD)
based channel estimation mechanism. Moreover, we utilise a 3D lens antenna array having metallic plate
and a switch in our model which compensates the limitation of phase shifters. Simulation results show that
the proposed RSSD based channel estimation surpasses traditional technique and SD based channel
estimation even in lower SNR area which is highly desirable in the millimeter wave (mmWave) massive
MIMO systems.
Bit error rate analysis of miso system in rayleigh fading channeleSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
La norma de seguridad no es sólo válida para grandes negocios de TI, sino para otros tipos de negocios y de menor tamaño.
Se darán algunas directrices de lo que los propietarios de estos negocios deben considerar para proteger y como pueden hacerlo basándose en la norma. El objetivo es exponer la importancia de la seguridad de la información en todos los negocios.
אבולוציה במקום רבולוציה - הצעה לשיפוץ כיכר דיזנגוףsomaarc
תכנית שינויים בכיכר דיזנגוף, שנעשתה על ידי משרד סומה אדריכלים המציעה להשאיר את הכיכר במצבה המוגבה הנוכחי. ההצעה נעשתה ביוזמת המשרד מתוך רצון לתרום לשיח הציבורי על הכיכר.
http://www.soma.co.il
מי שרוצה להעמיק בהצעה:
http://soma.blogli.co.il/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6jjREnQohKs
Este documento describe los sistemas de bases de datos y sus características. Explica las ventajas de integrar datos en una base de datos única, como el control de redundancias y la consistencia de datos. También describe las ventajas que ofrecen los sistemas gestores de bases de datos, como mejorar la integridad y seguridad de los datos almacenados. Finalmente, analiza diferentes tipos de sistemas gestores, tanto de código abierto como propietarios, e incluye sus características principales.
Este documento describe las características básicas de las bases de datos. Explica que una base de datos es un conjunto de datos almacenados sistemáticamente y que pueden ser estáticos o dinámicos. También cubre los tipos de bases de datos como bibliográficas o de texto completo, y los datos relacionados e integrados. Finalmente, analiza ventajas como la seguridad y calidad de los datos, y desventajas como los costos y requerimientos de hardware y software.
- Poor housing conditions in Plymouth's private rental sector cost the NHS over £10 million annually, with around 118 deaths attributed to poor housing each year.
- The Housing Health and Safety Rating System (HHSRS) is used to assess 29 types of potential hazards in homes and assign a risk score based on the likelihood and potential outcome of harm.
- For the hazard of falls on stairs, factors like uneven steps, lack of handrails, poor lighting, and hard surfaces increase the likelihood and severity of injury from falls, resulting in an HHSRS score over the threshold for a Category 1 hazard requiring remedial action.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The purpose of employee benefits is to increase employees' economic security. Common benefits offered by employers include paid vacations, health insurance, paid sick leave, disability insurance, and education reimbursement. The document then discusses the benefits provided by Purple Cow, including life insurance, accident insurance, health insurance (medical and dental HMO plans), and optional annual physical exams and a health and wellness program.
The 1st ever BrainSTEPS Concussion Return to Learn Webinar Series! This webinar series was created for all educational professionals in the state of Pennsylvania.
Estimation and design of mc ds-cdma for hybrid concatenated coding in high sp...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Bridgefield is a mortgage company that prides itself on valuing people, anticipating customer needs, working together with customers, and sustaining home ownership. They strive to keep people in their homes through good and bad times by being flexible like a bridge that bends in the wind. Bridgefield commits to providing excellent customer service and support through experienced agents who listen, ask questions, and suggest constructive options to help customers maintain their mortgages.
Investigation of the performance of multi-input multi-output detectors based...IJECEIAES
The next generation of wireless cellular communication networks must be energy efficient, extremely reliable, and have low latency, leading to the necessity of using algorithms based on deep neural networks (DNN) which have better bit error rate (BER) or symbol error rate (SER) performance than traditional complex multi-antenna or multi-input multi-output (MIMO) detectors. This paper examines deep neural networks and deep iterative detectors such as OAMP-Net based on information theory criteria such as maximum correntropy criterion (MCC) for the implementation of MIMO detectors in non-Gaussian environments, and the results illustrate that the proposed method has better BER or SER performance.
INFLUENCE OF CHANNEL FADING CORRELATION ON PERFORMANCE OF DETECTOR ALGORITHMS...cscpconf
This paper analyzes the impact of fading correlation and cross polarization coupling on the error performance of V-BLAST MIMO system that employs detector algorithms like ZF, MMSE
and ML with ordering and successive cancellation. Simulation results show the BER performance of these detectors for different modulation schemes. It is observed that lesser the
channel fading correlation and cross polarization coupling values better is the performance of these detectors. Study is extended to see the effect of transmit and receive antenna correlation on Ergodic MIMO capacity
SIGNAL DETECTION IN MIMO COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM WITH NON-GAUSSIAN NOISES BASED...ijwmn
In this paper, we study signal detection in multi-input-multi output (MIMO) communications system with non-Gaussian noises such as Middleton Class A noise, Gaussian mixtures and alpha stable distributions, using several deep neural network-based detector models such as FULLYCONNECTED and DETNET detector. By applying information theoretic criterion of Maximum Correntropy , SVD analysis on the channel matrix and reducing network complexity, the suggested deep neural network detector performs well in environments with non-Gaussian noises and, compared to the deep neural network-based detector with MSE loss function, achieves better performance.
Signal Detection in MIMO Communications System with Non-Gaussian Noises based...ijwmn
In this paper, we study signal detection in multi-input-multi output (MIMO) communications system with non-Gaussian noises such as Middleton Class A noise, Gaussian mixtures and alpha stable distributions, using several deep neural network-based detector models such as FULLYCONNECTED and DETNET detector. By applying information theoretic criterion of Maximum Correntropy , SVD analysis on the channel matrix and reducing network complexity, the suggested deep neural network detector performs well in environments with non-Gaussian noises and, compared to the deep neural network-based detector with MSE loss function, achieves better performance.
This document describes a Simulink-based simulation model for Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) systems. The model simulates 4-QAM, 16-QAM, and 64-QAM and calculates the error rate for each at varying signal-to-noise ratios. The simulation results show that higher order QAM techniques have higher error rates due to symbol points being closer together. However, they also provide higher data transmission rates. The model can be used not only to evaluate QAM for adaptive modulation but also to simulate other digital modulation techniques.
Error Rate Analysis of MIMO System Using V Blast Detection Technique in Fadin...IJERA Editor
Wireless communication system with multi- antenna arrays has been a field of intensive analysis on the last years. The appliance of multiple sending antennas and Receiving Antennas either side will considerably enhance the data rate and rate. The review of the performance limitations of MIMO system becomes vital since it will provide lot ideas in understanding and planning the important life MIMO systems. Vertical Bell Laboratories layered space Time (V-BLAST). The thought behind Multiple Input and Multiple Output system is that the signals on the transmitter antennas at one finish and also the receiver antennas at the opposite finish are correlative in such how that the performance (Bit Error Rate or BER) or the info rate (bits/sec) of the wireless communication system for every MIMO subscriber are improved. During this paper we tend to are proposing a technique that evaluates the performance of V-BLAST MIMO system in several thought of Rayleigh attenuation surroundings to urge higher performance of the system. In V- BLAST MIMO system a number of linear detection techniques will be used for interference cancellation. At this point we are using MMSE-IC for the same. Our expected system provide higher error rate performance with the used of matched filter at receiver aspect .The projected system compared within the presence of AWGN. Now matched filter applied on V- BLAST MIMO with MMSE-IC system in fading diversity surroundings.
MIMO Channel Estimation Using the LS and MMSE AlgorithmIOSRJECE
Wireless Communication Technology has developed over the past few yearsfor other objectives.The Multiple InputMultiple Output (MIMO) is one of techniques that is used to enhancethe data rates, in which multiple antennas are employed both the transmitter and receiver. Multiple signals are transmitted from different antennas at the transmitter using the same frequency and separated space. Various channel estimation techniques are employed in order to judge the physical effects of the medium present. In this paper, we analyze and implementvarious estimation techniques for MIMO Systems such as Least Squares (LS), Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE),these techniques are therefore compared to effectively estimate the channel in MIMO System. The results demonstrate that SNR required to support different values of bit error rate varies depending on different low correlation between the transmitting and the receiving antennas .In addition, it is illustrated that when the number of transmitter and receiver antennas increases, the performance of TBCE schemes significantly improves. The Same behavior isalso observed for MIMO system. Performance of both MMSE and LSestimation are the same for allkinds of modulation at small value of SNR but the more we increase the SNR value the more performance gap goes on increasing.
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzes the symbol error rate (SER) performance of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) multi-channel beam forming in double-scattering channels. It derives an asymptotic expansion of the MIMO channel matrix's eigenvalue distribution and uses it to obtain an approximate high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) expression for average SER. The expression shows that SER is characterized by diversity gain and array gain, where diversity gain determines slope and array gain determines SNR gap from a benchmark curve. The analysis finds that sufficient scatterers are needed to achieve the diversity gain of Rayleigh channels, and below a threshold the array gain varies logarithmically with SNR.
This document summarizes a new complexity reduction method for V-BLAST MIMO systems in communication channels. It proposes two methods: 1) a low complexity QR algorithm and 2) a consecutive iterations reduction method. These methods are compared to traditional detection methods like zero forcing (ZF), minimum mean square error (MMSE), successive interference cancellation (SIC), and maximum likelihood (ML). Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms not only reduce computational complexity but also achieve significantly better bit error rate and probability of error performance compared to traditional V-BLAST techniques. The document analyzes the performance of different equalizers using the V-BLAST algorithm and evaluates the proposed methods versus traditional approaches.
Hybrid Low Complex near Optimal Detector for Spatial Modulation IJECEIAES
In our previous work maximum throughput in multi stream MIMO is analyzed by overcoming the inter antenna interference. To mitigate the Inter antenna interference spatial modulation can be used. Spatial Modulation (SM) aided MIMO systems are the emerging MIMO systems which are low complex and energy efficient. These systems additionally use spatial dimensions for transmitting information. In this paper a low complex detector based on matched filter is proposed for spatial modulation to achieve near maximum likelihood performance while avoiding exhaustive ML search since MF based detector exhibits a considerable reduced complexity since activated transmitting antenna and modulated amplitude phase modulation constellation are estimated separately. Simulation results show the performance of the proposed method with optimal ML detector, MRC and conventional matched filter methods.
Bit Error Rate Performance of MIMO Spatial Multiplexing with MPSK Modulation ...ijsrd.com
Wireless communication is one of the most effective areas of technology development of our time. Wireless communications today covers a very wide array of applications. In this, we study the performance of general MIMO system, the general V-BLAST architecture with MPSK Modulation in Rayleigh fading channels. Based on bit error rate, we show the performance of the 2x2 schemes with MPSK Modulation in noisy environment. We also show the bit error rate performance of 2x2, 3x3, 4x4 systems with BPSK modulation. We see that the bit error rate performance of 2x2 systems with QPSK modulation gives us the best performance among other schemes analysed here.
Intersymbol interference caused by multipath in band limited frequency selective time dispersive channels distorts the transmitted signal, causing bit error at receiver. ISI is the major obstacle to high speed data transmission over wireless channels. Channel estimation is a technique used to combat the intersymbol interference. The objective of this paper is to improve channel estimation accuracy in MIMO-OFDM system by using modified variable step size leaky Least Mean Square (MVSSLLMS) algorithm proposed for MIMO OFDM System. So we are going to analyze Bit Error Rate for different signal to noise ratio, also compare the proposed scheme with standard LMS channel estimation method.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
A Novel Alamouti STBC Technique for MIMO System Using 16- QAM Modulation and ...IJERA Editor
The wireless communication is the emerging field of research among communication researchers and they are
continuously working towards the reduction if error occurred in the signal during transmission through wireless
media. In this paper the wireless system is simulated with the application of Alamouti space time block codes
(STBC) with MIMO and MISO configurations to compare the results. The modulation technique used here is
16-QAM which is giving better results than other counterparts and to enhance the performance of the system i.e.
to reduce the effect of errors on data we have applied a moving average filter(MAF). The performance of the
system is shown with the simulation results with variable data sizes and found that the proposed approach is
better for the system.
This document analyzes the capacity of MIMO wireless channels when accounting for impairments from physical transceiver hardware limitations. It is shown that when including the effects of transceiver impairments like non-linearities, phase noise, and quantization noise, the capacity of MIMO channels reaches a finite limit as SNR increases, rather than increasing without bound. This results in a zero multiplexing gain, unlike the ideal case without impairments. However, the relative capacity increase from MIMO over single-antenna channels remains at least as large when including impairments. Various figures are presented showing the capacity and multiplexing gain for different channel models and transceiver configurations. The document concludes by stating the analysis provides insights into understanding
Transmit antenna subset selection in mimo ofdm system using adaptive mutuatio...ijmnct
Multiple input multiple output techniques are considered attractive for future wireless communication
systems, due to the continuing demand for high data rates, spectral efficiency, suppress interference ability
and robustness of transmission. MIMO-OFDM is very helpful to transmit high data rate in wireless
transmission and provides good maximum system capacity by getting the advantages of both MIMO and
OFDM. The main problem in this system is that increase in number of transmit and receive antennas lead
to hardware complexity. To tackle this issue, an effective optimal transmit antenna subset selection method
is proposed in paper with the aid of Adaptive Mutation Genetic Algorithm (AGA). Here, the selection of
transmit antenna subsets are done by the adaptive mutation of Genetic Algorithm in MIMO-OFDM system.
For all the mutation points, the fitness function are evaluated and from that value, best fitness based
mutation points are chosen. After the selection of best mutation points, the mutation process is carried out,
accordingly. The implementation of proposed work is done in the working platform MATLAB and the
performance are evaluated with various selection of transmit antenna subsets. Moreover, the comparison
results between the existing GA with mutation and the proposed GA with adaptive mutation are discussed.
Hence, using the proposed work, the selection of transmit antenna with the maximum capacity is made and
which leads to the reduced hardware complexity and undisturbed data rate in the MIMO-OFDM system
This document presents a sphere decoding algorithm for MIMO wireless systems. It begins with an abstract that introduces MIMO and sphere decoding. It then provides background on various receiver algorithms used for MIMO, including zero forcing, minimum mean square error, and maximum likelihood receivers. The key aspects of sphere decoding are discussed, including setting the initial radius and reducing the radius. A proposed sphere decoding method is presented that aims to find the transmitted signal vector with minimum complexity. Simulation results show that sphere decoding achieves near maximum likelihood performance while reducing complexity compared to other decoders.
Capacity Enhancement of MIMO-OFDM System in Rayleigh Fading ChannelIOSR Journals
MIMO-OFDM system in Rayleigh Fading Channel is very popular technique for mobile
communication now a day’s for research. Here we want increase the capacity of MIMO-OFDM of system by
using adaptive modulation, Algebraic Space-Time Codes (ASTC) encoder for MIMO Systems are based on
quaternion algebras .we found that ergodic capacity has some limitation which reduce the system’s
performance to overcome this we use ASTC code . ASTC code are full rank, full rate and non vanishing constant
minimum determinant for increasing spectral efficiency and reducing Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) .
Capacity Enhancement of MIMO-OFDM System in Rayleigh Fading ChannelIOSR Journals
Abstract: MIMO-OFDM system in Rayleigh Fading Channel is very popular technique for mobile communication now a day’s for research. Here we want increase the capacity of MIMO-OFDM of system by using adaptive modulation, Algebraic Space-Time Codes (ASTC) encoder for MIMO Systems are based on quaternion algebras .we found that ergodic capacity has some limitation which reduce the system’s performance to overcome this we use ASTC code . ASTC code are full rank, full rate and non vanishing constant minimum determinant for increasing spectral efficiency and reducing Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) . Keywords— Adaptive modulation ASTC code, Capacity, BER, Ergodic capacity, PAPR, Spectral Efficiency and SNR
COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF V- BLAST ENCODED 8×8 MIMO MC-CDMA WIREL...pijans
The bit error rate performance of a V-Blast encoded 8x8 MIMO MC-CDMA wireless communication system
for different signal detection (MMSE and ZF) and digital modulation (BPSK, QPSK, DPSK, and 4QAM)
schemes for grayscale image transmission has been investigated in this paper. The proposed wireless system
employ ½-rated Convolution and cyclic redundancy check (CRC) channel encoding over the AWGN channel
and Walsh Hadamard code as an orthogonal spread code. The present Matlab based simulation study
demonstrates that the V-Blast encoded 8×8 MIMO MC-CDMA wireless system with the employment of 1⁄2-
rated convolution and cyclic redundancy check (CRC) channel encoding strategies shows good performance
utilizing BPSK digital modulation and ZF signal detection scheme in grayscale image transmission.
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
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UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
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* Importance and benefits of vector search
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* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
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Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024
I0362048053
1. International Journal of Computational Engineering Research||Vol, 03||Issue, 6||
www.ijceronline.com ||June||2013|| Page 48
An Efficient Comparison Ofmimo-Ofdm Detection Using Spatial
Multiplexingtechniques
Ms. Hiral Patel1
, Dr.MinalSaxena
Ec Dept., Sirt, Bhopal, Ec Dept, Sirt, Bhopal
I. INTRODUCTION
Future wireless communication networks will need tosupport extremely high data rates in order to meet
the rapidly growing demand for broadband applications such as high quality audio and video. Existing wireless
communication technologies cannot efficiently support broadband data rates, due to their sensitivity to fading.
Recent research on wireless communication systems has shown that using MIMO at both transmitter and receiver
offers the possibility of wireless communication at higher data rates, enormous increase in performance and
spectral efficiency compared to single antenna systems. The information-theoretic capacity of MIMO channels
was shown to grow linearly with the smaller of the numbers of transmit and receiver antennas in rich scattering
environments, and at sufficiently high signal-to-noise (SNR) ratios [1].MIMO wireless systems are motivated by
two ultimate goals of wireless communications: high-data-rate and high-performance [2],[3].During recent years,
various space-time (ST) coding schemes have been proposed to collect spatial diversity and/orachieve high rates.
Among them, V-BLAST (Vertical Bell Labs Layered Space-Time) transmission has been widely adopted for its
high spectral efficiency and low implementation complexity [4]. When maximum-likelihood (ML) detector is
employed, V-BLAST systems also enjoy receives diversity, but the decoding complexity is exponentially
increased by the number of transmit antennas.
Although some (near-) ML schemes (e.g., sphere decoding (SD), semi-definite programming (SDP)) can
be used to reduce the decoding complexity, at low signal to noise ratio (SNR) or when a large number of transmit
antennas and/or high signal constellations are employed, the complexity of near-ML schemes is still high. Some
suboptimal detectors have been developed, e.g., successive interference cancellations (SIC), decision feedback
equalizer (DFE), which are unable to collect receive diversity [5]. To further reduce the complexity, one may
apply linear detectors such as zero-forcing (ZF) and minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalizers. It is well-
known that linear detectors have inferior performance relative to that of ML detector. However, unlike ML
detector, the expected performance (e.g., diversity order) of linear equalizers has not been quantified directly. The
mutual information of ZF equalizer has been studied in [6] with channel state information at the transmitter.
In this paper, we propose a modified V-BLAST system, which introduces different delay offsets for each
substreme in the transmitter. At the receiver, we can employ ZF strategy to recover information and the
introduction of delay offsets enables the requirement of Nr to be relaxed to Nr ≥ 1 (in the conventional V-
BLAST, Nr ≥ Nt. Where, Nr and Nt are the receiver and transmitter antennas respectively. We will verify the
performance improvement by theoretical analysis and simulation results. From our analysis, with ZF decoding,
ABSTRACT
Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems have recently emerged as a key technology
in wireless communication systems for increasing both data rates and system performance. There are
many schemes that can be applied to MIMO systems such as space time block codes, space time
trellis codes, and the Vertical Bell Labs Space-Time Architecture (V-BLAST). This paper proposes a
novel signal detector scheme called MIMO detectors to enhance the performance in MIMO channels.
, we study the general MIMO system, the general V-BLAST architecture with Maximum Likelihood
(ML), Zero- Forcing (ZF), Minimum Mean-Square Error (MMSE), and Ordered Successive
Interference Cancellation (SIC ) detectors and simulate this structure in Rayleigh fading channel.
Also compares the performances of MIMO system with different modulation techniques in Fading
and AWGN channels. Base on frame error rates and bit error rates, we compare the performance and
the computational complexity of these schemes with other existence model. Simulations shown that V-
BLAST implements a detection technique, i.e. SIC receiver, based on ZF or MMSE combined with
symbol cancellation and optimal ordering to improve the performance with lower complexity,
although ML receiver appears to have the best SER performance-BLAST achieves symbol error rates
close to the ML scheme while retaining the low-complexity nature of the V-BLAST.
Indexterms: MIMO, V-BLAST, ZF, MMSE SIC and ML.
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the diversity order can reach Mr in the modified V-BLAST system. But the increase of the diversity order is at the
cost of the multiplexing gain.The main goal of our paper is to study the MIMO detectors schemes and quantify
the diversity orders collected by linear equalizers for V-BLAST. Also optimize the ultimate detector and
modulation technique that yields a better error performance than general V-BLAST. The rest of this paper is
organized as follows. In Section 2, the MIMO system model is introduced. Section 3 gives the performances of
MIMO system with different modulation techniques in Fading and AWGN channels and Section 4 gives the
performance analysis of the linear equalizers optimize the ultimate detector.
II. MIMO SYSTEM MODEL
In this paper, we consider a conventional MIMO SM system with transmitNttransmit antennas and Nr
receive antennas where Nt≤Nr as shown in Figure 1.5. Independent data streams a, b, and c, are encoded and
modulated before being transmitted. Herein, consider a transmitted vector x=[x1, x2…xNt] T
whose elements are
drawn independently from a complex constellation set Ω, e.g. Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)
constellation. The vector is then transmitted via a MIMO channel characterized by the channel matrix Hwhose
element is the hi,j CN (0,1)1
complex channel coefficient between the jth transmit and ith receive antennas. The
received vector r=[r, r… rNr]
T
can then be given as following,
Fig. 1.SMsystemmodelincludingboth transmitterandreceiver main functionalblocks
r=Hx+n, (1.1)
Where the elements of the vector n= [n1, n2,…,nNr]
T
are drawn from independent and identically distributed
(i.i.d.) circular symmetric Gaussian random variables. The system model of(2.1) is then given in the matrix
form as following.
=
I. SPATIAL MULTIPLEXING AND DETECTION PROBLEM
Spatialmultiplexing(SM)Seemstobetheultimatesolutiontoincreasethesystemcapacitywithouttheneedtoad
ditionalspectralresources.Thebasicideaehindsmisthatadatastreamisdemultiplexedintontindependentsubstreamsass
howninfigure1,Andeachsubstreamisthenmappedintoconstellationsymbolsandfedtoitsrespectiveantenna.Thesymb
olsaretakenfromaqamconstellation.Theencodingprocessissimplyabittosymbolmappingforeachsubstream,Andalls
ubstreamsaremappedindependently.Thetotaltransmitpowerisequallydividedamongthenttransmitantennas.Atthere
ceiverside,Themainchallengeresidesindesigningpowerfulsignalprocessingtechniques,I.E.,Detectiontechniques,C
apableofseparatingthosetransmittedsignalswithacceptablecomplexityandachievedperformance.Givenperfectchan
nelknowledgeatthereceiver,Avarietyoftechniquesincludinglinear,Successive,Treesearchandmaximumlikelihoodd
ecodingcanbeusedtoremovetheeffectofthechannelandrecoverthetransmittedsubstreams,Seeforexample.Differentr
esearchactivitieshavebeencarriedouttoshowthatthespatialmultiplexingconcepthasthepotentialtosignificantlyincre
asespectralefficiency,.Furtherresearchhasbeencarriedoutoncreatingandevaluatingenhancementstothespatialmulti
plexingconcepts,Suchascombiningwithothermodulationschemeslikeofdm(OrthogonalFrequencyDivisionMultipl
exing).Ingeneral,thistechniqueassumeschannelknowledgeatthereceiverandtheperformancecanbefurtherimproved
when theknowledge ofthechannelresponseis available at the transmitter. However, SM does not work well in
low
SNRenvironmentsasitismoredifficultforthereceivertorecognizethemultipleuncorrelatedpathsofthesignals
.ThemainchallengeinthepracticalrealizationofMIMOwirelesssystemsliesintheefficientimplementationofthedetect
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orwhichneedstoseparatethespatiallymultiplexeddatastreams.Sofar,severalalgorithmsofferingvarioustradeoffsbet
weenperformanceandcomputationalcomplexityhavebeendeveloped.Lineardetection(lowcomplexity,lowperforma
nce)constitutesoneextremeofthecomplexity/performanceregion,whileMaximumLikelihoodDetector(MLD)detecti
onalgorithmhasanoppositeextreme(highcomplexity,optimumperformance).Maximum Likelihood Detector
(MLD) is considered as theoptimum detector for the system of (1.1) that could effectively recover the
transmitted signal at thereceiver based on the following minimum distance criterion,
Where x is the estimated symbol vector. Using the above criterion, MLD compares thereceivedsignal
with all possible transmitted signal vector which is modified by channel matrix H and estimates transmit symbol
vector x. Although MLD achieves the best performance and diversity order, it requires a brute-force search
which has an exponential complexity in the number of transmit antennas and constellation set size. For example,
if the modulation scheme is 64-QAM and 4 transmit antenna, a totalof 644 = 16777216 comparisons per symbol
are required to be performed for eachtransmitted symbol. Thus, for high problem size, i.e. high modulation order
and high transmit antenna (Nt), MLD becomes infeasible.The computational complexity of a MIMO detection
algorithm depends on the symbol constellation size and the number of spatially multiplexed data streams, but
often on the instantaneous MIMO channel realization and the signal-to-noise ratio. On the other hand, the overall
decoding effort is typically constrained by system bandwidth, latency requirements, and limitations on power
consumption. In order to solve the detection problem in MIMO systems, research has been focused on sub-
optimal detection techniques which are powerful in terms of error performance and are practical for
implementation purposes as well that are efficient in terms of both performance and computational complexity.
Two such techniques are Sphere Decoding (SD) and QR Decomposition with M-algorithm (QRD-M) which
utilize restrict tree search mechanisms.
III. AVERAGE BER-ANALYSIS
A. V-BLAST Zero Forcing (ZF) ZF characteristic:
The Zero-Forcing V-BLAST algorithm (ZF-VBLAST) is based on detecting the components of x one
by one. For the first decision, the pseudo-inverse, i.e., G equals H † , of the matrix H is obtained. Assume that the
noise components are i.i.d. and that the noise is independent of x . Then, the row of G, with the least
Euclideannorm, corresponds to the required component of x . That is,
Obviously, incorrect symbol detection in the early stages will create errors in the following stages; i.e. error
propagation. This is a severe problem with cancellation based detection techniques particularly when the number
of transmit and receive antennas are the same. The first detected symbol's performance is quite poor as it has no
diversity. To reduce the effect of error propagation and to optimize theperformance of VBLAST
technique, it has been shown in that the order of detection can increase the performance considerably. By
detecting the symbols withlargest channel coefficient magnitude first, the effect of the noise vector producing an
incorrect symbol can be reduced, and reducing error propagation as result.
B. MinimumMeanSquareError
Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) approach alleviates the noise enhancement problem by
taking into consideration the noise power when constructing the filtering matrix using the MMSE performance-
base criterion. The vector estimates produced by an MMSE filtering matrix becomes
x= [[(HH
H+ (σ2
I ) ) - 1
] HH
] r,
The MMSE detector converges to the ZF detector, but at low SNR it prevents the worst Eigen values from being
inverted.At low SNR, MMSE becomes Matched Filter.
C. Ml Scheme
A detector that always returns an optimal solution satisfying is called a Maximum Likelihood (ML)
detector.
If we further assume that the additive noise n is white and Gaussian, then we can express the ML
detection the minimization of the squared Euclidean distance metric to a target vector v over an M-dimensional
infinite discrete search set:
=
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where borrowing terminology from the optimization literature we call the elements of s optimization variables
and
the objective function.
II. OBSERVATION & RESULTS
Zero Forcing equaliser performs well only in theoretical assumptions that are when noise is zero. Its
performance degrades in mobile fading environment.
Figure 2 Comparison between ML and MMSE-SIC
Zero forcing with Successive interference cancellation improves the performance of equalizer. This
process improves the estimator performance on the next component compared to the previous one. Compared to
Zero Forcing equalization alone case, addition of successive interference cancellation results in around 1.8 dB of
improvement for BER.Minimum Mean Square Equalization with simple successive interference cancellation
case, addition ofoptimal ordering results in improvement in the BER as the SNR increases
SNR Bit Error Rate (BPSK)
In dB ZF ZF-SIC MMSE MMSE-SIC
2 0.1643 0.1264 0.1081 0.08975
4 0.1238 0.08513 0.07625 0.05187
6 0.08962 0.05613 0.05325 0.02788
8 0.0625 0.03413 0.03662 0.0155
10 0.03875 0.01988 0.0235 0.005625
12 0.02575 0.01225 0.01487 0.0025
14 0.01775 0.006025 0.0095 0.00125
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Figure 3Comparison between ZF,ZF-SIC, MMSE andMMSE-SIC
Figure 4Comparison between ZF,ZF-SIC, MMSE andMMSE-SIC
IV. CONCLUSION
Equalisation techniques are of enormous importance in the design of high data rate wireless systems.
They can combat for inter symbol interference even in mobile fading Channel with high efficiency.In this paper
we analyzed the performance of linear detectors for MIMO Spatial Multiplexing systems in Rayleigh fading
channel and AWGN channel for BPSK modulation, which exhibited the best trade-off between performance and
complexity among Spatial Multiplexing techniques. We show that conventional linear equalizers can only
collect diversity Nr-– Nt +1 for MIMO systems though they have very low complexity and also different
equalization techniques has been analysed to find out suitable equaliser for 2x2 MIMO channel in Rayleigh
multipath fading environment. Zero-forcing performs well in theoretical assumption but the condition to fulfil is
the absent of noise. MMSE uses LMS( Least Mean Square) criteria to compensate ISI. ML improves the system
performance as it compares then next or upcoming symbol with the previous received symbol and also offers
low error probability compares to that ZF, MMSE & ML. From the simulation models and given input ML
shows the best performance.
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