Hypoxia is a condition where the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply at the tissue level. There are several types of hypoxia including hypoxic hypoxia, which is due to a decrease in oxygen pressure in inhaled air. Signs and symptoms of hypoxia include changes in skin color, confusion, coughing, rapid breathing, and shortness of breath. The body responds to hypoxia through acclimatization and hyperventilation, increasing breathing depth and rate to raise alveolar oxygen levels. Causes include various lung and heart conditions, high altitude, carbon monoxide poisoning, and drug or chemical exposure.

1. HYPOXIA
PRESENTATION OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY
RASHID MEHMOOD
BS ZOOLOGY (V)
15171514-055

2. CONTENTS
• WHAT IS HYPOXIA
• CAUSE OF HYPOXIA
• TYPES OF HYPOXIA
• SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• EFFECT OF HYPOXIA
• RESPONSES

3. WHAT IS HYPOXIA
• HYPOXIA IS A CONDITION IN WHICH THE BODY OR A REGION OF THE BODY IS
DEPRIVED OF ADEQUATE OXYGEN SUPPLY AT THE TISSUE LEVEL.
• HYPOXIA DIFFERS FROM HYPOXEMIA AND ANOXEMIA .

4. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• CHANGES IN THE COLOR OF YOUR SKIN, RANGING FROM BLUE TO CHERRY RED
• CONFUSION
• COUGH
• FAST HEART RATE
• RAPID BREATHING
• SHORTNESS OF BREATH
• SWEATING
• WHEEZING

5. CAUSES
• ALTITUDE SICKNESS
• WHEN BREATHING MIXTURES OF GASES WITH A LOW OXYGEN CONTENT.
• WHEN OXYGEN IS IN SMALL AMOUNT IN AIR.
• DUE TO DEFECT IN HEMOGLOBIN
• DUE TO CARBON MONOOXIDE BONDING WITH HEMOGLOBIN.
• DUE TO BLOCKAGE OF ARTERIES LUNG DISEASES SUCH AS CHRONIC
OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD), EMPHYSEMA, BRONCHITIS,
PNEUMONIA, AND PULMONARY EDEMA (FLUID IN THE LUNGS)
• STRONG PAIN MEDICINES AND OTHER DRUGS THAT HOLD BACK BREATHING
• HEART PROBLEMS
• ANEMIA (A LOW NUMBER OF RED BLOOD CELLS, WHICH CARRY OXYGEN)
• CYANIDE POISONING (CYANIDE IS A CHEMICAL USED TO MAKE PLASTICS AND
OTHER PRODUCTS.)

7. HYPOXIC HYPOXIA
•Due to decrease pressure of oxygen in inhale air
•LOW OXYGON TENSION IN THE INHALER AIR
•LEAKAGE MASK
•INADIQUATE OXYGON REGULATOR FUNCTION
CAUSE

13. BODY RESPONSES
• ACCLIMATIZATION, THE MEANS BY WHICH THE BODY ADAPTS TO HIGHER
ALTITUDES, ONLY PARTIALLY RESTORES PO2 TO STANDARD LEVELS.
• HYPERVENTILATION, THE BODY’S MOST COMMON RESPONSE TO HIGH-
ALTITUDE CONDITIONS, INCREASES ALVEOLAR PO2 BY RAISING THE DEPTH
AND RATE OF BREATHING.

14. PREVENTING HYPOXIA
• TAKE YOUR MEDICINE TO HELP PREVENT FLARES AND THE NEED TO USE
YOUR RESCUE INHALER.
• EAT RIGHT AND STAY ACTIVE.
• KNOW YOUR ASTHMA TRIGGERS, AND FIND WAYS TO AVOID THEM.

15. REFERENCE
• WOORONS, XAVIER, HYPOVENTILATION TRAINING, PUSH YOUR LIMITS! ARPEH, 2014, 164P
• WEST, JOHN B. (1977). PULMONARY PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: THE ESSENTIALS. WILLIAMS &
WILKINS. P. 22
• CYMERMAN, A; ROCK, PB. "MEDICAL PROBLEMS IN HIGH MOUNTAIN ENVIRONMENTS. A
HANDBOOK FOR MEDICAL OFFICERS". USARIEM-TN94-2. US ARMY RESEARCH INST. OF
ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION TECHNICAL
REPORT. RETRIEVED 2009-03-05.
• GORE CJ, CLARK SA, SAUNDERS PU (SEPTEMBER 2007). "NONHEMATOLOGICAL MECHANISMS
OF IMPROVED SEA-LEVEL PERFORMANCE AFTER HYPOXIC EXPOSURE". MED SCI SPORTS
EXERC. 39 (9): 1600

16. THANK YOU