Hypothermia, Electro Anesthesia & Acu puncture ,DR.MUDASIR BASHIR
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Hypothermia is artificially lowering the body or body part temperature, commonly used in heart and brain surgery to reduce oxygen needs and protect organs during reduced blood flow. It can be induced through surface cooling by immersion in ice water or cold saline cavity irrigation. Best control is with extracorporeal cooling by circulating blood through a cold-water heat exchanger. Precautions must be taken to prevent complications like irregular heart rhythms, low blood pressure, prolonged clotting times and organ damage during prolonged hypothermia. Rewarming is carefully controlled to avoid rapid rewarming shock.
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Hyperthermia occurs when body temperature rises above normal levels, with symptoms including shivering, clumsiness, slurred speech, confusion, and fatigue. If not addressed, cells will die and ultimately result in death. To cope, the body cools internal organs and one should drink water. Hypothermia is when body temperature falls below average, with symptoms like shivering, dizziness, hunger, faster breathing, trouble speaking, and slight confusion. To treat, move the person somewhere warm, remove wet clothing, wrap them in blankets protecting head and torso first.
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Regulation of temperature of Human body
Homoeothermic (WARM blooded)- Humans capable of maintaining their body temperatures within narrow limits inspite of wide variations in environmental (ambient) temperature.
Poikilothermic- (Cold blooded) eg.-fish, reptiles
Neutral zone temperature/ Comfortable temperature/Critical / ambient temperature- at which there is no active heat loss and heat gain mechanism operated by body.
So it is the lowest ambient temperature at which mammals can maintain its body temperature at the basal metabolic rate.
Normally it is 27 ± 2º C
Living tissues can function optimally only within a very narrow range of temperature. Therefore accurate regulation of body temperature is a great boon: it enables the animal to be physically active all round the year, and in different geographical locations.
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Body temperature by Pandian M, Tutor Dept of Physiology, DYPMCKOP, this PPT f...
BODY TEMPERATURE
HEAT BALANCE
Mechanisms of heat gain
Mechanisms of heat loss
VARIATIONS OF BODY TEMPERATURE
REGULATION OF BODY TEMPERATURE
Thermoreceptors
Hypothalamus: the thermostat
Thermoregulatory effector mechanisms
ABNORMALITIES OF BODY TEMPERATURE
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The thermoregulatory center located in the hypothalamus monitors core body temperature and activates heat-losing or heat-generating mechanisms through negative feedback loops. Heat is produced through metabolic processes and lost through radiation, conduction, convection, and evaporation. Temperature disorders occur when the body cannot maintain core temperature, such as with heat exhaustion from excessive sweating or heat stroke when the core temperature reaches dangerously high levels above 41°C. Hypothermia is a lowering of core temperature below 35°C that can be life-threatening if not treated by slowly rewarming the body.
Thermoregulation [compatibility mode] (1)
The document discusses thermoregulation and the physiological responses to exercise in heat and cold. It describes the mechanisms of heat loss from the body through conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation. It explains how the hypothalamus acts as the body's thermostat to regulate temperature through cutaneous vasodilation and sweating in heat, and cutaneous vasoconstriction and shivering in cold. During exercise in heat, cardiovascular function is challenged and energy production increases to maintain homeostasis through increased sweating and blood flow to the skin.
Exercise Physiology 2
The body maintains a core temperature of 37°C through balancing heat production and heat loss. The hypothalamus acts as the body's thermostat to regulate temperature. Exercise in hot or cold environments can disrupt the body's ability to maintain this temperature balance. Proper hydration is important to avoid heat-related illnesses when exercising in hot conditions. Dehydration of more than 1% body weight can increase core temperature and cause complications.
Homeostasis
This document summarizes homeostasis and thermoregulation in animals. It discusses how regulators like mammals modify their internal environment through homeostasis, while conformers' internal environment changes with the external environment. Both regulation and conforming require energy, but regulation is more energy exhaustive. The document also describes temperature regulation in different groups of animals from ectotherms to endotherms. It explains the four processes of heat transfer and how different animals employ insulation, evaporative cooling, and behavioral adaptations to regulate their body temperature.
Temperature regulation
The body regulates its internal temperature through a feedback system centered on the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus acts as a thermostat that receives input from thermoreceptors in the skin and blood and triggers responses like vasoconstriction, vasodilation, sweating and shivering to correct overheating or overcooling. These responses work to maintain the optimal temperature of 37°C for metabolic processes.
Temperature practical cum theory part by Pandian M, From DYPMCKOP. This PPT f...
INTRODUCTION
HOMEOTHERMIC ANIMALS
POIKILOTHERMIC ANIMALS
BODY TEMPERATURE
Normal Body Temperatures
VARIATIONS OF BODY TEMPERATURE
Pathological Variations
HEAT GAIN OR HEAT PRODUCTION IN THE BODY
HEAT LOSS FROM THE BODY
Regulation of Body Temperature
Hypothalamus has two centers which regulate the body temperature:
Applied
Regulation+Of+The+ Internal+ Environment+Presentation+Final
The document discusses homeostasis and thermoregulation in animals. It explains that homeostasis refers to maintaining internal balance and thermoregulation is regulating internal temperature. It describes different mechanisms animals use for thermoregulation including insulation, circulatory adaptations, evaporative cooling, behavioral responses, and adjusting metabolic heat production. It provides examples of how different types of animals regulate their temperature and discusses common issues involving thermoregulation like fever and hypothermia.
Regulation+Of+The+Internal+Environment+Presentation+Final
The document discusses homeostasis and thermoregulation in animals. It explains that homeostasis refers to maintaining internal balance and thermoregulation is regulating internal temperature. It describes different mechanisms animals use for thermoregulation including insulation, circulatory adaptations, evaporative cooling, behavioral responses, and adjusting metabolic heat production. It provides examples of how different types of animals regulate their temperature and discusses common issues involving thermoregulation like fever and hypothermia.
Hypothermia
Therapeutic hypothermia involves cooling infants to 33-35°C for 72 hours to reduce brain injury from perinatal asphyxia. Hypothermia aims to slow the secondary phase of cell death that begins 6-24 hours after injury. Several randomized controlled trials found hypothermia reduced death and disability rates compared to normothermia. A meta-analysis of these trials found hypothermia reduced the risk of death or severe disability by 19% and increased the chance of normal neurological outcomes by 53%. Hypothermia is now standard care for infants with moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
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Body temperature by Pandian M, Tutor Dept of Physiology, DYPMCKOP, this PPT f...
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Temperature practical cum theory part by Pandian M, From DYPMCKOP. This PPT f...
Temperature practical cum theory part by Pandian M, From DYPMCKOP. This PPT f...
Regulation+Of+The+ Internal+ Environment+Presentation+Final
Regulation+Of+The+ Internal+ Environment+Presentation+Final
Regulation+Of+The+Internal+Environment+Presentation+Final
Regulation+Of+The+Internal+Environment+Presentation+Final
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