Far-sightedness, also known as long-sightedness, hypermetropia, and hyperopia, is a condition of the eye where distant objects are seen clearly but near objects appear blurred. This blur is due to incoming light being focused behind, instead of on, the retina due to insufficient accommodation by the lens.[6] Minor hypermetropia in young patients is usually corrected by their accommodation, without any defects in vision.[2] But, due to this accommodative effort for distant vision, people may complain of eye strain during prolonged reading.[2][7] If the hypermetropia is high, there will be defective vision for both distance and near.[2] People may also experience accommodative dysfunction, binocular dysfunction, amblyopia, and strabismus.[3] Newborns are almost invariably hypermetropic, but it gradually decreases as the newborn gets older.[6]
There are many causes for this condition. It may occur when the axial length of eyeball is too short or if the lens or cornea is flatter than normal.[2] Changes in refractive index of lens, alterations in position of the lens or absence of lens are the other main causes.[2] Risk factors include a family history of the condition, diabetes, certain medications, and tumors around the eye.[5][4] It is a type of refractive error.[5] Diagnosis is based on an eye exam.[5]
15. NORMAL VARIATION WITH AGE
• Eyeball is Relatively Short
• +2D to +3D hyperopia is present which gradually reduces
AT BIRTH
• Eye is emmetropic and remains so till the age of about 50 ideally
• in 50% of the population Emetropia is not reached and some degree of
hypermetropia persistS
• on the other hand the Mark May be overshoot and the eye may become
myopic
BY AGE OF 5-
7YEARS
18. DEFECTIVE VISION WITH ASTHENOPIC SYMPTOMS
• 2-4D
• It is not corrected fully by accommodative efforts
• patients complain of defective vision, more for near distance
• associated asthenopic symptoms due to sustained accommodative efforts
DEFECTIVE VISION ONLY
• >4D
• Patient usually do not accommodate, external epic symptoms are minimal
• managed defective vision for near and distance
intermittent sudden blurring of vision may occur due to spasm of
accommodation or temporary failure of ciliary muscle.
desire of accommodation in excess of convergence lead to dissociation of
muscle balance producing accommodative convergent squint
