Hydrogen generation plant
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The document summarizes a hydrogen generation plant that will provide makeup hydrogen for turbo generator cooling. The plant will have a capacity of 30 NM3/hr hydrogen production across two 15 NM3/hr streams. Three hydrogen compressors will compress the hydrogen up to 150 kg/cm2. The plant uses electrolysis to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. It will either use an aqueous electrolyte solution or a proton exchange membrane, and will include components to purify, compress, and store the hydrogen in cylinders. Safety instruments like hydrogen leak detectors will also be included. The plant control system will be PLC-based.
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Hydrogen generation
Hydrogen can be produced through various methods such as steam reforming of natural gas, partial oxidation of hydrocarbons, thermochemical water splitting using high temperatures, electrolysis of water, radiolysis of water through nuclear radiation, and biological and enzymatic conversion of biomass. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages related to efficiency, costs, environmental impacts, and scalability. Hydrogen is a very useful energy carrier due to its high energy content per unit mass and non-polluting nature when used.
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The document discusses several methods for producing hydrogen through water splitting, including:
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- Electrolysis, where an electric current splits water into hydrogen and oxygen. More efficient variations include steam electrolysis and thermochemical electrolysis.
- Photochemical and photobiological systems use sunlight to drive the water splitting reaction.
- Thermal water splitting uses very high temperatures of around 1000°C.
- Gasification and biomass conversion also produce hydrogen from other feedstocks.
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Fuel cells and hydrogen energy systems
1839 - Sir William Grove, first electrochemical H2/O2
reaction to generate energy
• 1950s - GE developed the solid-ion exchange H2 fuel cell
used by NASA
• 1960s- GE produced the fuel cell-based electrical power
system for NASA Gemini and Apollo space capsules
• 1960s other fuel cells discovered – phosphoric acid, SOFC,
molten carbonate
• 1970s – Vehicle manufacturers began to experiment FCEV.
• 1990 – The California Air Resource Board introduced the
Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) Mandate.
• 2000 – Fuel cell buses were deployed as part of the
HyFleet/CUTE project
• 2007 – fuel cell started to be sold commercially as APU
• 2008 – Honda begins leasing the FCX fuel cell electric
vehicle.
• 2009 – Large scale of residential CHP programme in Japan.
Fuel cell ,PEM Fuel Cell
PEMFC (proton exchange membrane)
DMFC (direct methanol)
SOCF (solid oxide)
AFC (alkaline)
PAFC (phosphoric acid)
MCFC (Molten Carbonate)
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Most fuel cells use hydrogen which burns cleaner compared to hydrocarbon fuels
A fuel cell will keep producing electricity as long as fuel is supplied
The energy efficiency of fuel cells is high when compared to many other energy systems
There is great interest in fuel cells for automotive and electronic applications
There will be employment for technicians particularly in Ohio’s fuel cell industry.
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Hydrogen fuel an alternative source of energy
Hydrogen is a clean and renewable source of energy for future.We can use it by developing new and modified techniques to separate it.@WCE,Sangli
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This document discusses developing solar farms and switching to hydrogen gas production and distribution. It outlines securing reliable electricity supply through solar and hydrogen infrastructure. Plans include developing megawatt-scale solar farms, compressing and storing hydrogen, and using hydrogen to fuel engines for additional power generation. Maps and diagrams show proposed locations in Mexico for solar, hydrogen storage, and engine arrays to create a green hydrogen backbone.
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The document discusses several methods for producing hydrogen through water splitting, including:
- Steam reforming of methane, the most common current method.
- Electrolysis, where an electric current splits water into hydrogen and oxygen. More efficient variations include steam electrolysis and thermochemical electrolysis.
- Photochemical and photobiological systems use sunlight to drive the water splitting reaction.
- Thermal water splitting uses very high temperatures of around 1000°C.
- Gasification and biomass conversion also produce hydrogen from other feedstocks.
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The document discusses the potential of transitioning from a carbon economy to a hydrogen economy using fuel cells. It explains that hydrogen is the most abundant element, can be produced from various domestic resources, and used in fuel cells or combustion engines. Fuel cells convert hydrogen and oxygen into electricity and water, providing a cleaner alternative to internal combustion. Many major automakers are working on hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, though challenges remain regarding hydrogen production, storage, transportation and the high costs associated with fuel cells. The seminar highlights the technology and potential environmental benefits of a future hydrogen economy.
Hydrogen Production
The document discusses several methods for producing hydrogen including steam reforming, electrolysis, and harnessing hydrogen-producing bacteria. Steam reforming, the most widely used method, involves reacting methane with steam to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Electrolysis uses electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen but is currently inefficient. Research is being done to genetically modify bacteria to produce hydrogen by feeding them sugars which could be a promising future method. In conclusion, while the technology to produce hydrogen exists, an eco-friendly and practical solution is still many years away.
Green Hydrogen Generation.pptx
Under the supervision of Prof. Paulson Samuel, Raj Kapur Kumar presents research on green hydrogen generation through water electrolysis. The document discusses the types of hydrogen production, the benefits of green hydrogen, challenges in producing it affordably at scale, and modeling a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer. MATLAB simulations examine the electrolyzer's electrical characteristics and hydrogen production rates under varying conditions. The results further green hydrogen's viability as a renewable energy storage medium.
Fuel cells and hydrogen energy systems
1839 - Sir William Grove, first electrochemical H2/O2
reaction to generate energy
• 1950s - GE developed the solid-ion exchange H2 fuel cell
used by NASA
• 1960s- GE produced the fuel cell-based electrical power
system for NASA Gemini and Apollo space capsules
• 1960s other fuel cells discovered – phosphoric acid, SOFC,
molten carbonate
• 1970s – Vehicle manufacturers began to experiment FCEV.
• 1990 – The California Air Resource Board introduced the
Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) Mandate.
• 2000 – Fuel cell buses were deployed as part of the
HyFleet/CUTE project
• 2007 – fuel cell started to be sold commercially as APU
• 2008 – Honda begins leasing the FCX fuel cell electric
vehicle.
• 2009 – Large scale of residential CHP programme in Japan.
Fuel cell ,PEM Fuel Cell
PEMFC (proton exchange membrane)
DMFC (direct methanol)
SOCF (solid oxide)
AFC (alkaline)
PAFC (phosphoric acid)
MCFC (Molten Carbonate)
PEM Fuel Cell
A fuel cell is a battery that produces DC current and voltage
Most fuel cells use hydrogen which burns cleaner compared to hydrocarbon fuels
A fuel cell will keep producing electricity as long as fuel is supplied
The energy efficiency of fuel cells is high when compared to many other energy systems
There is great interest in fuel cells for automotive and electronic applications
There will be employment for technicians particularly in Ohio’s fuel cell industry.
GREEN HYDROGEN AS FUEL.pptx
Green hydrogen is produced from splitting water (H2O) using electricity from renewable sources like solar, wind, and hydro power. This production method does not directly release greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, unlike other hydrogen production methods. Green hydrogen has a high energy content and can be a more efficient fuel than fossil fuels. However, hydrogen is volatile and flammable, making it difficult to store and transport safely.
Hydrogen fuel cells
The document provides an overview of hydrogen fuel cells, including their history, types, basic functioning, and connections to electrochemistry, thermodynamics, the environment, and potential applications as an energy source. It discusses how hydrogen fuel cells work through redox reactions at the anode and cathode to produce electricity from hydrogen and oxygen, and are more efficient than combustion engines due to their electrochemical rather than combustion process. It also notes that hydrogen fuel cells can be powered through renewable energy sources like electrolysis of water using solar or hydro power.
Hydrogen fuel an alternative source of energy
Hydrogen is a clean and renewable source of energy for future.We can use it by developing new and modified techniques to separate it.@WCE,Sangli
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The impending hydrogen economy will utilize hydrogen from a number of sources; most notably reformers and water electrolyzers. In the later case, the primary energy source can be conventional (fossil fuels, hydroelectric, nuclear) or renewable (solar, wind, biomass).
However, regardless of the source of the primary energy or the method of hydrogen production, there is a common requirement that the hydrogen be sufficiently compressed to achieve adequate energy density storage and to allow the rapid transfer of gas from central to local or mobile storage systems. In the case of water electrolyzers, the hydrogen can be directly produced at elevated pressures. Independent of the source of the hydrogen, pressurization can also be accomplished subsequent to its production by the use of mechanical or electrochemical compressors.
While current electrolyzer developments have targeted hydrogen production at pressures of 340 bar and higher, careful attention must be paid to trade-offs between the electrolyzer system capital costs, operating costs, and system reliability. The technical and economic impact of varying scenarios has a profound effect on the overall economics of the hydrogen production and, ultimately, on the economics of the hydrogen economy.
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This document discusses ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) cycles and their working principles. There are two main types of OTEC cycles - closed cycles that use working fluids like ammonia, and open cycles that use seawater. Closed cycles involve vaporizing a working fluid using warm surface water and condensing it back using cold deep water to drive a turbine. Open cycles use flash evaporation of warm surface water directly to produce steam to drive a turbine, with the exhaust steam condensed back using cold deep water. India has potential for 180GW of OTEC and has commissioned its first 1MW OTEC plant off Tuticorin port called Sagar Shakti.
Micro bial fuel cell (modified)
The document discusses different types of fuel cells including hydrogen fuel cells, microbial fuel cells (MFCs), and polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells. It provides details on their working principles, components, and reactions. Hydrogen fuel cells combine hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity, heat, and water. MFCs use microorganisms and organic substrates to generate electricity. PEM fuel cells are currently leading technology for vehicles and applications, using a proton-conducting polymer membrane and platinum catalysts.
Slide nhiên liệu sạch
Hydrogen can be produced through various processes including steam methane reforming, partial oxidation, coal gasification, water electrolysis, and photolysis. Steam methane reforming is the most efficient current method using natural gas as a feedstock. It involves catalytic reforming of methane with steam at high temperatures. Partial oxidation and coal gasification are other thermal processes that can use diverse carbon-containing feedstocks to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide through partial combustion reactions. Water electrolysis involves passing an electric current through water to dissociate it into hydrogen and oxygen gas. Alkaline electrolysis is a mature technology while PEM electrolysis offers advantages like easier construction and higher purity products. Photolysis uses solar energy to split water directly into hydrogen
1 s2.0-s0376738800824503-main
This document provides background on electrodialytic water splitting technology. The process uses bipolar ion exchange membranes along with cation and anion exchange membranes to convert water soluble salts into their corresponding acids and bases when a direct current is applied. The process is energy efficient as it does not involve electrochemical transformations. The key components and operating principles are described, including the role of the bipolar membrane in splitting water and generating hydrogen and hydroxide ions. Design considerations for optimizing the process such as current density, membrane area, and energy requirements are also discussed.
Electrodialysis1
Group F has been asked by Separation Technology Sdn. Bhd to study electrodialysis, including its applications in industry and how to evaluate process performance. The document then provides an overview of electrodialysis, including its components and mechanisms. It gives an example calculation for using Faraday's law to determine membrane area and electrical requirements for an electrodialysis desalination process. Finally, it discusses some common industrial applications of electrodialysis such as desalination, waste water treatment, and wine stabilization.
INDUSTRIAL WASTE HEAT USED IN TYPICAL THERMAL POWER PLANT
An advanced waste heat and water recovery technology has been developed to extract a portion of the water vapor and its latent heat from flue gases based on a nonporous ceramic membrane capillary condensation separation mechanism. The recovered water is of high quality and mineral free, therefore can be used as supplemental makeup water for almost all industrial processes. The technology was first developed and proven at industrial demonstration scale for gas-fired package boilers,
Ocean thermal energy.pptx
Ocean thermal energy conversion utilizes the temperature difference between warm surface waters and cooler deep ocean waters to generate electricity. It has the potential to be a renewable source of energy. The document discusses the types of ocean energy including ocean thermal energy. It describes the components and working of open and closed cycle OTEC systems and their applications in producing electricity, freshwater, refrigeration, and mineral extraction. The efficiency of OTEC plants depends on the temperature difference between the source and sink waters. While renewable, OTEC also has disadvantages such as high capital costs and low conversion efficiency.
Ocean thermal energy (1).pptx
Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) harnesses the temperature difference between warm surface waters and cold deep ocean waters to generate electricity. The tropical oceans have about a 20°C difference between these waters that can power an OTEC system. OTEC systems pump warm surface water and cold deep water through a heat exchanger and turbine to produce electricity with minimal environmental impact. While capital costs are high currently, OTEC has potential for baseload renewable power due to the constant solar heating of ocean waters.
Fuel cell
A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity through an electrochemical reaction rather than combustion. It is more efficient than combustion-based engines. A fuel cell has an anode, cathode, electrolyte, and catalyst. At the anode, hydrogen splits into protons and electrons. Protons pass through the electrolyte while electrons flow through an external circuit. At the cathode, protons, electrons, and oxygen combine to form water. Fuel cells have applications in transportation, stationary power generation, and portable electronics due to their high efficiency, low pollution, and reliable operation. However, fuel cell technology still faces challenges related to cost, durability, reliability, and system size that must be addressed for
Fuel cell
A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity through an electrochemical reaction rather than combustion. It is more efficient than combustion-based engines. A fuel cell has an anode, cathode, electrolyte, and catalyst. At the anode, hydrogen splits into protons and electrons. Protons pass through the electrolyte while electrons flow through an external circuit. At the cathode, protons, electrons, and oxygen combine to form water. Fuel cells have applications in transportation, stationary power generation, and portable electronics due to their high efficiency, low pollution, and reliable operation. However, fuel cell technology still faces challenges related to cost, durability, reliability, and system size that must be addressed for
Mejia Thermal power Station(Seminar)
The document provides an overview of the Mejia Thermal Power Station located in West Bengal, India. It discusses the key components and processes involved in generating power at the plant, including:
- Coal handling and storage before being pulverized and fed into boilers to produce steam.
- Water tube boilers that convert the steam's thermal energy into rotational energy via turbines connected to generators.
- Condensers that condense the steam back into water and cooling towers that cool the water for reuse.
- Auxiliary equipment like transformers, switchyards, and protection systems.
- The plant has a total installed capacity of 2320 MW produced across multiple units.
Energy storage system
This document summarizes various energy storage technologies. It divides storage techniques into four categories based on application: low-power isolated areas, medium-power isolated areas, network connection with peak levelling, and power quality control. Common storage methods include kinetic, chemical, compressed air, hydrogen fuel cells, supercapacitors, and superconductors. Larger-scale storage uses gravitational, thermal, chemical, or compressed air. Specific technologies discussed include pumped hydroelectric storage, compressed air energy storage, electrochemical batteries (lead-acid, sodium-sulfur, lithium-ion, flow), hydrogen energy storage systems, flywheels, superconducting magnetic energy storage, supercapacitors. Performance parameters and applications of energy storage systems
Fuel cell technology- modern green energy
This material gives a complete outlook about fuel cell types, apllication and impact on modern world.
Bert Hamelers - Energy from CO2
1. The document describes a method for harvesting energy from CO2 emissions by using pairs of porous electrodes - one selective for anions and one for cations - in an aqueous electrolyte alternately flushed with CO2 or air.
2. When the electrolyte flows between the selective porous electrodes, electrical energy is generated. The maximum efficiency reached was 24.0% for deionized water and 31.5% for a monoethanolamine solution.
3. The process works by dissociating CO2 into protons and bicarbonate ions in the aqueous electrolyte. When the electrolyte is alternated between the electrodes, the difference in ion concentrations drives a membrane potential that can be harvested as electrical
New technology for desalination
This document discusses various desalination processes and their energy requirements and costs. It provides details on membrane-based processes like forward osmosis, reverse osmosis, and membrane distillation. Forward osmosis uses osmotic pressure to purify water and has potential applications in water treatment, energy production, and life sciences. The document outlines several pilot projects using forward osmosis and membrane distillation technologies and discusses the benefits and challenges of these innovative approaches to desalination.
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