purification process technology

1. DESIGN AND ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON THE METAL
HYDRIDE BASED HYDROGEN PURIFICATION SYSTEM
Presented By:
Jinto Francis PB.
M220643ME
Energy Engg. and Management
Under the guidance of:
Dr. Vinod Kumar Sharma
Asst. Professor
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Zeroth Presentation
Dept. of Mech. Engg. NIT Calicut 1

2. INTRODUCTION
 Fuel Cell is good method for conversion of hydrogen
energy to useful form. It has high conversion efficiency
more than 60%.
 For Fuel Cell, following purity standard is required for H2
as per ISO 14687-2019.
Fig. 1 Fuel cell (Source: www.electric - engineering pics.com)
Table .1 purity standard as per ISO 14687 - 2019
Dept. of Mech. Engg. NIT Calicut 2
H2 purity (mole
fraction)
CO2 CO CH4 N2
99.97% 2ppm 0.2ppm 100 ppm 300ppm

3.  Influence of impurity on the operation of FC
Table 2 effect of impurity on H2 during the operation of FC
 Various hydrogen production process
Table 3 H2 & impurity content of various hydrogen production process
Dept. of Mech. Engg. NIT Calicut 3
Impurity content Effect of impurity
HC It reduces catalytic performance of FC
CO It makes irreversible damage to FC
CO2 It may be converted to CO during FC operation
N2 It causes to H2 diluting
H2 production
process
H2(%) CO (%) CO2(%) CH4(%) N2(%)
Coal gasification 30 40 20 0.2 0.7
Methanol reforming 77 1 22 - -
Coke oven gas 55 7 4 27 3
Biomass gasification 30 35 12 15 1
Bio hydrogen 60 10 25 5 -

4.  Purification process
It is a process of removing the contaminate gas substant and collect pure hydrogen from
raw gas
Table 4. various purification hydrogen purification process
 Advantage of MH purification
 High Purity hydrogen can produce at room temperature with higher recovery rate.
Dept. of Mech. Engg. NIT Calicut 4
Pressure swing
Adsorption (PSA)
Membrane
separation
Metal hydride Cryogenic
separation
Quantity Large scale Small scale Small scale Large scale
Purity (%) 99.99 99.9999 99.9999 99.98
CO (ppm) 1.4 1.0 < 0.2 CO will be present
Recovery rate < 76 % < 90% < 95%
Disadvantage
of process
High cost & large
floor area required
High cost & each
membrane for each
impurity, high
operating
temperature
Absorption
temperature is low,
energy required for
maintaining the low
temperature.
High cost, very low
operation temperature

5. Principle of MH purification
Stage I
Hydrogen absorption process
Exothermic
LaNi5 + 3H2+ impurity → LaNi5H6 + impurity
(Metals) (raw gas) (MH (solid)) (gas)
Stage II
Venting the impurity gas
Stage III
Hydrogen desorption process
endothermic
LaNi5H6 → LaNi5 + 3H2
(MH (solid)) (Metals) (gas)
Dept. of Mech. Engg. NIT Calicut 5
Fig.2 Hydrogen purification principle a) Hydrogen absorption process b)
hydrogen desorption process

6. LITERATURE REVIEW
Sl
No
Journal/ Year Author/Title Inference
1
Thermal science
and engineering
progress
(2023)
J. Sunku Prasad, P. Muthukumar:
Design of metal hydride reactor
for medium temperature
thermochemical energy storage
applications
o Mg2Ni is the alloy metal and has high operation
temperature.
o Kinetics can be controlled by thermal
management for that internal fin can be
provided.
2
Catalysts
(2021)
Zhemin Du , Congmin Liu,
Junxiang Zhai, Xiuying Guo, Yalin
Xiong , Wei Su and Guangli He,
A Review of Hydrogen Purification
Technologies for Fuel Cell
Vehicles
o Presents of CO in H2, will cause for damage of
FC.
o MH is suitable for separation of H2 from inert
gas near room temperature.
Dept. of Mech. Engg. NIT Calicut 6

7. Sl
No
Journal/
Year
Author/Title Inference
3
International
journal of
hydrogen
energy
(2018)
P. Muthukumar, Alok Kumar, Nithin N. Raju, K.
Malleswararao, Muhammad M. Rahman
A critical review on design aspects and
developmental status of metal hydride based
thermal machines
o PCI characteristics and van't Hoff plot.
o MH purification material
4
Journal of
cleaner
production
(2022)
Zhen Wu a, Leilei Guo, Jing Yao, Pengfei Zhu,
Huan Wang , Shenghui Gao, Yikun Yang ,
Fusheng Yang , Hongli Yan , Zaoxiao Zhang
Absorption of poisoned hydrogen from metal
hydride under CO+H2 mixture gas for the
production of clean, high purity hydrogen
o GC (contraction volume) model for
desorption
o JMA (nucleation-growth-impingement
(NGI)) model for absorption. La
Ni4.25Al0.75 material used. Study of
poison affect is carried out at 0.1% of
CO and found optimum tem was 383K.
5
International
journal of
hydrogen
energy
(2012)
Dmitry Dunikov, Vasily Borzenko, Stanislav
Malyshenko
Influence of impurities on hydrogen absorption
in a metal hydride reactor.
o 27% N2 as a impurity, H2 loss less than
5%, flow-through technique (D type
reactor) can be feasible and high
hydrogen recovery rates could be
reached.MH can be used preferably at
low concentration of impurities
Dept. of Mech. Engg. NIT Calicut 7

8. Sl
No
Journal/ Year Author/Title Inference
6 Chemical
engineering
journal
(2023)
Leilei Guo, Zhen Wu,
Huan Wang, Hongli Yan,
Fusheng Yang, Guangxu
Cheng, Zaoxiao Zhang
Efficient hydrogen
recovery and purification
from industrial waste
hydrogen to high-purity
hydrogen based on metal
hydride powder
JMA (nucleation-growth-impingement (NGI)) model for
absorption. La Ni4.25Al0.75 material used. the impurity CO2
is treated as an inert gas.
water–gas shift reaction, could easily reduce the CO
concentration below 0.1 vol%. MH reactor with the reactor
length of 300 mm and the reactor radius of 40 mm is the
optimum when the amount of hydrogen treated in the reactor
is less than 5 m3 ⋅h− 1. t the optimum cooling water
temperature of 373 K. k of bed not much influence on
kinematics.
7 Journal of
energy storage
(2022).
R. Sreeraj, A.K.
Aadhithiya, S. Anbarasu
Integration of thermal
augmentation methods in
hydride beds for metal
hydride based hydrogen
storage systems: Review
and recommendation
o an expansion ratio >1.2 can appear in AB5 alloys; thus, a
40 % packing fraction can be considered a safe limit for
alloy filling. The stress accumulation in horizontal
reactors is comparatively less compared to vertical
reactors.
Dept. of Mech. Engg. NIT Calicut 8

9. Sl No
Journal/
Year
Author/Title Inference
8 Applied
Thermal
Engineering
219 (2023)
Martin George, G. Mohan
Constructal design of weight
optimized metal hydride storage
device embedded with ribbed
honeycomb
o An optimized constructal network of high
conductivity form embedded within the device can
achieve given charging performance with the
minimum total weight. Constructional cost increase
9 international
journal of
hydrogen
energy 46
(2021)
Mahvash Afzal, Pratibha Sharma
Design and computational
analysis of a metal hydride
hydrogen storage system with
hexagonal honeycomb based heat
transfer enhancements part A
o LaNi4.7al0.3, for TM radial hexagonal honeycomb
fins are used
o Various parameters are changing reactor
performance has been studied.
10 Energy
Research
(2020)
Sanjay Gupta, Vinod kumar
sharma
Design and analysis of metal
hydride reactor embedded with
internal copper fins and external
water cooling
o Alloy used LaNi4.7Al0.3
o Longitudinal straight redial fin for thermal
management, optimise to 12 No of fins
Dept. of Mech. Engg. NIT Calicut 9

10. Sl
No
Journal/ Year Author/Title Inference
11 Energy
(2021)
Xiao-Shuai Bai, Wei-Wei Yang, Xin-Yuan Tang, Fu-
Sheng Yang, Yu-Hang Jiao, Yu Yang
Optimization of tree-shaped fin structures towards
enhanced absorption performance of metal hydride
hydrogen storage device: A numerical study
o alloy used La Ni5
o for TM longitudinal tree type fins
are used
12 International
journal of
hydrogen energy
(2016)
Jinsheng Xiao, Liang Tong, Tianqi Yang, Pierre
Benard, Richard Chahine
Lumped parameter simulation of hydrogen storage
and purification systems using metal hydrides
o Mathematical formulae &
governing equation
13 International
journal of
hydrogen energy
(2019)
.N. Kazakov, I.A. Romanov, S.V. Mitrokhin, E.A.
Kiseleva
Experimental investigations of AB5-type alloys for
hydrogen separation from biological gas streams
o LaNi4.4Fe0.3Al0.3 and
LaNi4.6Mn0.2Al0.2 alloy was
used; both have low plateau
pressure of 15kPa at room
temperature of 298k.
14 Mat. Res. Bull.
Vol. 13, 1978.
Pergamon Press
Marshall H. Mendelsohn and Dieter M. Gruen
The effect on hydrogen decomposition pressures of
group IIIa and Iva element substitutions for Ni in LaNi 5
alloys
o Low plateau pressure alloy
LaNi4.6Sn0.4, alloy parameter can
be estimated
Dept. of Mech. Engg. NIT Calicut 10

11. Take away
 H2 for FC has to maintain CO <0.2ppm, H2 purity should be 99.97%, CO2 should be minimum.
 Absorption is carried out at low temperature with high pressure, generated heat to be dissipated from
MH bed for maintain low temperature.
 Raw H2 should be pretreated to minimum % CO (volume fraction) for reducing poisoning affect to
purification agent (metal alloy/ MH).
 CO2 is inert to MH; it acts as shield from the sorption reaction.
 Partial pressure of H2 will be reduced to low as near 15kPa, low pressure alloy to be selected for
maximum hydrogen recovery.
Dept. of Mech. Engg. NIT Calicut 11
Research Gap
 Need to Select material/ alloy, which has less plateau pressure.
 Very limited studies have been carried out in purification of hydrogen using MH
specially in India. Practical reactor for purification has not simulated & optimized.

12. Take away
 H2 for FC has to maintain CO <0.2ppm, H2 purity should be 99.97%, CO2 should be minimum.
 Absorption is carried out at low temperature with high pressure, generated heat to be dissipated from
MH bed for maintain low temperature.
 Raw H2 should be pretreated to minimum % CO (volume fraction) for reducing poisoning affect to
purification agent (metal alloy/ MH).
 CO2 is inert to MH; it acts as shield from the sorption reaction.
 Partial pressure of H2 will be reduced to low as near 15kPa, low pressure alloy to be selected for
maximum hydrogen recovery.
Dept. of Mech. Engg. NIT Calicut 12
Research Gap
 Need to Select material/ alloy, which has less plateau pressure.
 Very limited studies have been carried out in purification of hydrogen using MH
specially in India. Practical reactor for purification has not simulated & optimized.

13. OBJECTIVES OF THE WORK
To design and analytical investigations on the Metal hydride based Hydrogen purification system
 Need to select Metal hydride, suitable for hydrogen purification reactor.
 Need to Design and analysis of hydrogen purification reactor with following aspects
a) Thermal management system
b) Reaction kinetics management
Dept. of Mech. Engg. NIT Calicut 13

14. Dept. of Mech. Engg. NIT Calicut 14
Design & analysis of Hydrogen Purification
system
Design & optimisation of Reactor
a) Selection of reactor from different
configuration
b) Simulate the performance of selected
reactor
Selection & synthesis of Alloy material
a) Material selection from different AB5 alloys with
different combination
b) Select best mathematical model
c) Experiment conduct on selected material
d) Mathematical model validate with experimental
data
Raw gas mixture
data
Purification system analysis
METHODOLOGY
Expected outcome

15. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
Fig. 4 Hydrogen purification system.
Dept. of Mech. Engg. NIT Calicut 15
Venting out the
impurity gas

16. Dept. of Mech. Engg. NIT Calicut 16
WORK PLAN
ACTIVITY
Jul
23
Aug
23
Sep
23
Oct
23
Nov
23
Dec
23
Jan
24
Feb
24
Mar
24
Apr
24
May
24
Selection of reactor from different
configuration
Simulate the performance of selected
reactor
Material selection from different AB5
alloys with different combination
Select best mathematical model
Experiment conduct on selected
material
Mathematical model validate with
experimental data
Purification system analysis
Conference, Publication and Report
preparation

17. Dept. of Mech. Engg. NIT Calicut 17

18. Dept. of Mech. Engg. NIT Calicut 18

19. EXPECTED OUTCOMES:
Development of the metal hydride based hydrogen purification system.
Methodology for selection of material.
Publications in SCI indexed journal / conferences.
Dept. of Mech. Engg. NIT Calicut 19

20. References:
1) J. Sunku Prasad, P. Muthukumar: Design of metal hydride reactor for medium temperature
thermochemical energy storage applications. Thermal science and engineering progress 2023
2) Zhemin Du, Congmin Liu Junxiang Zhai, Xiuying Guo, Yalin Xiong, Wei Su, Guangli He A Review of Hydrogen
Purification Technologies for Fuel Cell Vehicles. Catalysts 2021
3) P. Muthukumar, Alok Kumar, Nithin N. Raju, K. Malleswararao, Muhammad M. Rahman A critical review
on design aspects and developmental status of metal hydride based thermal machines International
journal of hydrogen energy 2018.
4) Zhen Wu a, Leilei Guo, Jing Yao, Pengfei Zhu, Huan Wang , Shenghui Gao, Yikun Yang , Fusheng
Yang , Hongli Yan , Zaoxiao Zhang Absorption of poisoned hydrogen from metal hydride under CO+H2
mixture gas for the production of clean, high purity hydrogen Journal of cleaner production 2022
5) Dmitry Dunikov, Vasily Borzenko, Stanislav Malyshenko Influence of impurities on hydrogen absorption
in a metal hydride reactor. International journal of hydrogen energy 2012.
6) R. Sreeraj, A.K. Aadhithiya, S. Anbarasu Integration of thermal augmentation methods in hydride beds
for metal hydride based hydrogen storage systems: Review and recommendation. Journal of energy
storage 2023
7) Leilei Guo, Zhen Wu, Huan Wang, Hongli Yan, Fusheng Yang, Guangxu Cheng, Zaoxiao Zhang
Efficient hydrogen recovery and purification from industrial waste hydrogen to high-purity hydrogen
based on metal hydride powderChemical engineering journal 2023
Dept. of Mech. Engg. NIT Calicut 20

21. 8) Martin George, G. Mohan Constructal design of weight optimized metal hydride storage device embedded
with ribbed honeycomb Applied Thermal Engineering 219 (2023)
9) Mahvash Afzal, Pratibha Sharma Design and computational analysis of a metal hydride hydrogen storage
system with hexagonal honeycomb based heat transfer enhancements part A international journal of
hydrogen energy 46 (2021)
10)Xiao-Shuai Bai, Wei-Wei Yang, Xin-Yuan Tang, Fu-Sheng Yang, Yu-Hang Jiao, Yu Yang Optimization of
tree-shaped fin structures towards enhanced absorption performance of metal hydride hydrogen storage
device: A numerical study Energy 2021
11)Sanjay Gupta, Vinod kumar sharma Design and analysis of metal hydride reactor embedded with internal
copper fins and external water cooling Energy 2020
12)Jinsheng Xiao, Liang Tong, Tianqi Yang, Pierre Benard, Richard Chahine Lumped parameter simulation of
hydrogen storage and purification systems using metal hydrides . international journal of hydrogen energy 46
(2016).
13) A.N. Kazakov, I.A. Romanov, S.V. Mitrokhin, E.A. Kiseleva Experimental investigations of AB5-type alloys
for hydrogen separation from biological gas streams international journal of hydrogen energy (2019)
14)Marshall H. Mendelsohn and Dieter M. Gruen the effect on hydrogen decomposition pressures of group
iiia and iva element substitutions for Ni in LaNi5 alloys Mat. Res. Bull. Vol. 13, 1978. Pergamon Press
Dept. of Mech. Engg. NIT Calicut 21