This document classifies and describes various types of hydrocarbons including alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and benzene. It discusses their structures, methods of preparation from other compounds, and common chemical reactions. Key details provided include the IUPAC nomenclature rules for alkanes and cycloalkanes, reactions of alkenes with halogens, acids, and hydrogen, and benzene reactions such as nitration, sulfonation, halogenation, and Friedel-Crafts additions and acylations.

1. Hydrocarbons
Prepared by,
Mr. Snehal Patel

3. Classification of Hydrocarbons

4. Classification of Hydrocarbons

12. Alkanes

13. Structure of Methane

14. IUPAC nomenclature of Alkanes and cyclo-alkanes

19. 1.From Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
2.From Alkyl halide
3.From Carboxylic Acids
Preparation of Alkane compounds

27. Chemical Properties ( Chemical Reaction’s)
i. Halogenation
a) Chlorination
b) Bromination
c) Iodination
ii. Cyclization
iii. Reaction with water (vapour)

33. Alkenes

35. Structure of Alkenes

39. Preparation of Alkene Compounds
1. From Alkyne
2. From Alkyl Halide
3. From vicinal dihalide ( dihalogen alkane)
4. From Alcohol

47. Chemical Reaction of Alkene
1. Reaction with halogen acid.
2. Reaction with dihydrogen.
3. Reaction with halogen.
4. Reaction with sulphuric acid
5. Reaction with water.
6. Oxidation.
7. Ozonolysis
8. Polymerization.

54. 4. Reaction with sulphuric acid

56. 5. Reaction with water

61. Alkynes

66. Preparation of Alkyne Compound

70. Chemical Properties ( Chemical Reaction’s)
1. Acidic property of Alkyne
2. Hydrogenation
3. Reaction with dihalide
4. Reaction with hydrogen halide
5. Reaction with water
6. Polymerization

72. 2. Hydrogenation

73. 3. Reaction with Dihalogen

74. 4. Reaction with Hydrogenhalide

75. 5. Reaction with water

76. 6. Polymerization

89. Preparation of Benzene
1. From decarboxylation of aromatic acid.
2. By Reduction of Phenol.
3. By cyclic Polymerization.

93. Chemical Reaction of Benzene
1. Nitration of Benzene
2. Sulphonation of Benzene
3. Halogenation of Benzene
4. Friedel craft alkylation reaction
5. Friedel craft acylation reaction
6. Addition reaction
7. Combustion

96. 3. Halogenation of Benzene

99. 5. Friedel craft acylation reaction

100. 6. Addition reaction

101. 7. Combustion reaction