India has significant untapped hydropower potential. Currently, hydropower accounts for about 26.5% of India's potential capacity. Several factors, including difficult terrain and long project timelines, have hindered full development. The government aims to harness more of the estimated 150,000MW potential through basin-wide planning and policies to encourage private sector investment. Challenges include environmental impacts, long clearance times, and reliance on state policies for site allocation. Future prospects include a planned addition of over 30,000MW in the 12th and 13th Five Year Plans through large projects and further development of small hydropower.

1. Presented by:-
Rajesh BhadarwahiRajesh Bhadarwahi
Ashish SinghalAshish Singhal
Nikunj SharmaNikunj Sharma
Vipul KumarVipul Kumar
HYDRO POWER SCENARIO IN INDIA
University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun
POWER MANAGEMENT
2013-15

2. CONTENTS
 IntroductionIntroduction
 Current Scenario of Hydro PowerCurrent Scenario of Hydro Power
 SWOT Analysis of Hydro PowerSWOT Analysis of Hydro Power
 Future Prospects of Hydro PowerFuture Prospects of Hydro Power

3. INTRODUCTION
 First Hydro power project established in 1897 with a capacity of 165 KW
at Sidrapong, in Darjeeling.
 First Medium size Hydro Project, was set up at Sivasamudram
(4320KW) in Karnataka in 1902.
 First Private sector Hydro Project was set up at Kopili by M/S Tata
Power(40 MW) in 1915.
 At the time of independence, the installed capacity stood at 1362 MW
with share of hydro as 532 MW.
Brief History :

4. Different hydro power plants:-
 Ultra mega Power Plant: 2000MW
 Mega/Super Power Plant: > 500MW
 Macro Power Plant : > 100 MW
 Small Power Plant: up to 25 MW.
 Mini Power Plant: up to 2 MW.
 Micro Power Plant: up to 200 kW.
 Pico Power Plant: up to 10 kW.
Ministry of
New & Renewable
Energy
Contd…
Ministry Of Power

5. Generating methods:-
 Conventional (dams)
 Pumped-storage
 Run of the river
 Tide
Contd…

6. HYDRO POWER TREND IN INDIA
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
Axis Title
In MW

7. CURRENT SCENARIO IN INDIA
 As per CEA, India is endowed with economically exploitable hydropower
potential of 1,48,700MW of installed capacity.
 The potential is ~84000 MW at 60% load factor spread across six major
basins in the country.
 Pumped storage, which leads to a further addition of a maximum of 94000
MW.
 The possible installed capacity is around 150,000 MW (Based on the report
submitted by CEA to the Ministry of Power)
 The theoretical potential of small hydro power is 10071 MW.
 Currently about 26.5% of the potential is being harnessed.
 About 6.3% is still under construction.

8. Current Share of hydropower capacity
68.14
17.55
2.12
12.20
In %
Thermal
Hydro
Nuclear
RES(MNRE)
Contd…

9. 9
INDUS RIVER
GANGA RIVER
NEPAL
BHUTAN
BANGLA
DESH
BRAHMAPUTRA
RIVER SYSTEM
CENTRAL INDIAN
RIVER SYSTEM
EAST FLOWING
RIVER SYSTEM
WEST FLOWING
RIVER SYSTEM
SHARAVATHI
KUTTIYADI
PERIYAR
CAUVERY
PENNER
KRISHNA
GODAVARI
TAPI
NARMADA
M
AHI
BAN
A
S
SABARMATI
CHAM
BAL
BETWA
MAHANADI
DAMODAR
SON R
SUBERNREKHA
BAITARNI
BRAHMANI
BARAK
BRAHMAPUTRA
TISTA
C H I N
A( T I B E T )
KAMENG
SUBANSIRI
LUHIT
DIBANG
GANGA
DELHI
YAMUNA
SUTLEJ
BEASRAVI
CHENAB
JHELUM
IN
D
U
S
INDUS
DIHANG
SYSTEM
SYSTEM
GANGA
880
920 960
680 72
0360
320
280
240
200
760
800
840
MYANMAR
MAJOR RIVER SYSTEMS OF INDIA

10. India’s basin wise potential
Rivers Potential at 60% LF(MW)
Probable Installed Capacity
MW
Indus 19988 33832
Ganga 10715 20711
Central Indian Rivers 2740 4152
West Flowing 6149 9430
East Flowing 9532 14511
Bhramaputra 34920 66065
Total 84044 148701
Contd…

11. Major Current Hydropower Generating Units:
Station State Operator Capacity (MW)
Tehri Dam Uttarakhand THDC India Ltd. 2400
Srisailam Dam Andhra Pradesh APGenco 1,960
Nagarjunasagar Andhra Pradesh APGenco 1,670
Sardar Sarovar Gujarat SSNNL 1,500
Baspa-II Himachal Pradesh JHPL 1,469
Nathpa Jhakri Himachal Pradesh SJVNL 1,450
Bhakra Dam Punjab BBMB 1,325
Dehar (Pandoh) Himachal Pradesh BBMB 1,240
Contd…

12. Hydro power policy 2008:
A new policy on accelerated development of Hydro Power was announced
in January 2008 with the following objectives:
 Inducing private investment in Hydro Power Development.
 Harnessing the balance Hydro Electric potential.
 Improving resettlement and rehabilitation.
 Facilitating financial viability.
Contd…

13. Main features of policy
 Basin wise development.
 Evolving consensus on inter-state issues.
 Mitigation of geological risks.
 Simplified procedure for transfer of clearance.
 Promoting joint venture arrangements.
 Rationalization of hydro tariff.
Contd…

14. SWOT Analysis
STRENGTHS
 Long life.
 No fuel cost.
 Operational flexibility.
 Operating labour cost is low.
 Pollution free.
 Potential to meet power requirements of remote and isolated areas.
 Can improve the economic activities in villages and remote areas.
 Equipment's efficiency more than 85%.
 Non-environmental benefits
– flood control, irrigation, transportation, fisheries and tourism

15. Cost Factor in Hydropower

16. Weaknesses
 Water being State subject, projects are governed by the State policies and
the potential sites are allotted by the State to private developers.
 Time consuming process for allotment of sites and statutory clearances.
 The projects have relatively longer gestation period due to difficult terrain
and limited working season.
 Absence of single window clearance setup for hydro projects.
 Lack of long term finance for hydro projects.

17. Opportunities
 The estimated potential for power generation from SHP is over 15,000 MW.
So far only 20% of the identified potential in the country has been exploited.
 The States of AP, Himachal Pradesh, J & K and Uttarakhand have highest
potential for development of small hydro. All the four States have policy to
invite private sector to set up SHP projects.
 Government of India is vigorously promoting large scale development of
hydro power in India through changes in policies, all driven to involve greater
private entrepreneurs.
 The State of Karnataka has allotted 300 projects of about 2000 MW,
Chhattisgarh has allotted 70 projects aggregating to 685 MW, Maharashtra
has allotted 41 projects of 135 MW and the State of Odisha has allotted 29
SHP projects of 369 MW to the private sector.

18. Threats
 States may be reluctant to sign long term PPAs with the developers.
 Environmental Degradation.
 Failure risks.
 Problem of law and order.
 Time taken in obtaining various clearances at the State level is high.

19. Future prospects of hydro power
In 11th plan, a capacity addition of over 15,500 MW has
been earmarked.
Projects totaling to a capacity of 30,000 MW have been identified for 12th
Plan.
13th Plan 31,000 MW
14th
Plan 36,494 MW
Recommendation for Cannel top SPV system

20. Future project under survey and investigation
(2012-17 plan )
Project Name
State Installed
Capacity(MW)
Total
Capacity(MW)
Bursar
Jammu and Kashmir 6 * 200 1200
Goriganga-IIIA Uttarakhand 3 * 40 120
Dhauliganga
Intermediate Uttarakhand 3 * 70 210
Total 1530 MW

21. SHP - Today
 Small Hydro Power ( SHP) Programme is one of the thrust areas of power
generation from renewable in the MNRE.
 The Ministry is encouraging development of small hydro projects both in the
public as well as private sector.
Aim Of MNRE
 Capacity up to 6000 MW by the end of 12th
plan.
 Lower the cost of equipment, increase its reliability.
 Set up projects in areas which give the maximum advantage.

22. Methods to Alleviate the negative impact
 Creation of ecological reserves.
 Limiting dam construction to allow substantial free flowing water.
 Building sluice gates and passes that help prevent fishes getting trapped.
 Soft loans are provided to small hydro projects through government
financial institutions such as Indian Renewable
Energy Development Agency (IREDA), Power Finance Corporation
(PFC) and Rural Electrification Corporation (REC).
 Government of India provides financial subsidy to power generating
companies in public/private sector and NGO's for establishing new,
renovation, modernization and up rating of small hydro plants
 Govt is planning to launch HPO in order to promote Hydro power in
India.

23. Tehri H.E.Station (1000 MW)

24. Nathpa Jhakri H.E.Station (1450 MW)

25. T h a n k Y o u !!