This document discusses the potential for micro hydro power plants (MHPPs) in Pakistan. It begins by defining different types of hydro power plants based on capacity, including micro hydro plants which have a capacity between 5-100 kW. It then outlines the basic components of an MHPP and reasons for their development, including Pakistan's power crisis and need for rural electrification. The document estimates Pakistan has over 3,100 MW of potential at natural falls and run-of-river sites, with over 1,000 MHPPs currently operational generating around 128 MW. It also discusses efforts by various organizations to develop MHPPs and the remaining difficulties in fully realizing their potential in Pakistan.

1. Potential and Types of Micro Hydro
Power Plants in Pakistan
PRESENTED BY: SADDAM HUSSAIN

2. Contents
1. Hydro Power and its types
2. What is Micro Hydro Power ( MHP )
3. Basic Components
4. Why Need of MHPPs
5. Potentials of MHP in Pakistan
6. Difficulties in development of Small, Mini and Micro
HPs
7. Suggestions

3. Hydro Power and Its Types
Hydropower
 Type of renewable energy to create electricity
 Types based on Size
Name Capacity
1. Large Hydropower Plant >100MW
2. Medium Hydropower Plant 20MW-100MW
3. Small Hydropower Plant 1MW-20MW
4. Mini-Hydropower Plant 100kW-1MW
5. Micro Hydropower Plant 5kW-100kW
6. Pico Hydropower Plant <5kW

4. Hydro Power and Its Types (Cntd.)
 Hydroelectric power is
 Cheap
 Renewable
 Sustainable
 The power generation of a hydropower project is proportional
to the head and flow of water
P=ηxρxQxgxh--------------------------------1.0

5. Micro Hydro Power
 Generation of Electricity on small streams, tributaries and
canals
 No need of Dam or water storage
 Capacity is 5kW-100kW
 Provide Power to an Isolated home or small community
 MHPP complements Solar energy
 May be used with PV system

6. Basic Components of MHPP
1. Intake
2. Channel
3. Forebay Tank(Reservoir)
4. Penstock
5. Turbine
6. Generator
7. Controlling Unit
3
1
2
4
5
6
7

7. Selection of Turbine Type
 Selection of Turbine depends on
 Head of water
 Volume of flow
Pelton wheel, H=300m and above
Francis for low head
(10 to 100m) Propeller for very low head
(less than 15m)

8. Why need of MHPP’s….?
 Power crises
 8-12 hours load shedding
 No electrification of most of the remote areas
 No access of more than half rural household [IREA ]
 Not possible to provide electricity from current system
Population
without
electricity
National
electrification
rate
Urban
electrification
rate
Rural
electrification
rate
51 million 73% 90% 61%
Electricity access in Pakistan, 2016

9. Why need of MHPP (Contd.)
 Pakistan is adopting Decentralized Distributed Generation
System (DDGS)
 It is also known as Community based generation
 In DDGS
 Most suitable resources for distributed generation are
a. Small/Mini/Micro Hydro
b. Wind and
c. Solar
Renewable
Resources
Community

10. Potentials of MHP in Pakistan
 According to WAPDA, Pakistan has ~60,000MW Hydro potentials
 Most of which lies in KP, Northern areas,
Azad Jammu Kashmir and Punjab.
 Currently Installed Hydro Capacity is ~7320MW
(30% of Total Power energy Mix)
Figure 2: Distribution of Hydropower potential in Pakistan(WAPDA)

11. Potentials of MHP in Pakistan ( Cntd. )
 Due to Government's inability to
 Install and execute the big hydro
power plants.
 Attention is being given to Micro,
Mini and Small HPPs.
 The installation of Micro
Hydropower is supported by
a. AEDB
b. PCRET
c. SRSP
d. PEDO
e. AKRSP and various NGO’s

12. Potential of MHP in Pakistan ( Cntd. )
 Majority of low head sites are located in remote areas of
Pakistan
 The vast canal network and hilly terrain in KP provides
thousands of sites for small/mini/micro hydro power stations.
 More then 1000 MHPPs are operational.
 More than 3100MW potential at natural falls and RoRs.
 ~128MW is operational

13. Potential of MHP in Pakistan ( Cntd. )
 A 50 KW MHPP can power hundreds of households
 A large number of MHPPs are installed
 Upper Dir
 Chitral
 Swat
 Shangla and Mansehra
 Gilgit Baltistan has max. hydro generation resources
 50% of Population of Chitral receives electricity from over 180 MHPPs

14. Potential of MHP in Pakistan ( Cntd. )
 AEDB with AKRSP to install 103 MMHPPs at Chitral and GB.
 PCRET also plans to install 20 MW MHPPs in GB, AJK and KP to
serve 100,000 houses by 2020
 PEDO with AKRSP to construct 55 MMHPPs in Chitral
 33 are operational and serving 4199 house holds.
 With PEDO-SRSP partnership, 105 MHP projects are initiated in
three districts ( SWAT, Shangla, Kohistan)

15. Potential of MHP in Pakistan ( Cntd. )
 Go-KP has launched a project
"Construction of 356 MMHPs in
northern areas of KP
 255 MMHPPs with 13445 kW
power generation capacity has
been completed.
 Out of 255
1. 15 Abbottabad
2. 51 Batagram
3. 44 Chitral
4. 40 Swat
5. 28 Kohistan
6. 21 Shangla
7. 37 Upper Dir
8. 4 Lower Dir
9. 13 Buner
10. One in each Torghar and Mansehra

16. Potential of MHP in Pakistan ( Cntd. )
 Govt. of Punjab is also paying its full attention to install
large number of small, micro and mini HPPs
 Similar work is also being done by Govt. of Sindh and Baluchistan
Province No. of
potential
sites
Potential
Range
(MW)
Total
Potential
(MW)
Remarks
KPK 125 0.2 to 32 750 Small / Micro based on
Natural Falls / Flow
Punjab 300 0.2-40 560 Canals
Gilgit-
Baltistan
200 0.1-38 1300 Natural Falls
Sind 150 5-40 120 Canal Falls
AJK 40 0.2-40 280 Natural Falls
Total 3100
Available Potentials of Small/Mini/Micro HP’s in various
Provinces. Source[ AEDB]

17. Difficulties in Development of
Small/Mini/Micro HP’s
 No Manufacturing of Local Equipment's and Machinery
 Unavailability of Cheap Equipments
 Non availability of Financial Resources
 High Dependence of Agriculture Resources on Hydro power
projects

18. Suggestions
 Revolutionary steps are required to be taken by GoP
 Govt. should simplify the process of establishing mini, micro
and small HPPs
 Establishment of R&D and performance testing center
 Encouragement and technical support of Local manufacturers
of power turbines
 Government Policies for MHP’s