Hydroelectric power plants harness the potential energy of water by damming rivers and streams. Water flows through penstocks into turbines which spin generators to produce electricity. Key components include the reservoir, dam, penstocks, surge tank, spillway, turbines, and generators. Hydroelectric power is a renewable and efficient source of energy with low operating costs but high initial costs and potential environmental impacts.

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Prepared for
A S M Sayeam
Instructor,
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Prepared By
MD. Sumon Ahmed
ID#14207045
Serial No. 22

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3. Contents
Summary
Definition
Parts of Hydro-Electric power plant
General arrangement Type Hydro-Electric Project in operation
Performance of water turbine
Advantages of a Hydro-Electric power plant
Disadvantages of a Hydro-Electric power plant
Conclusion
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Hydroelectric power plants are the most efficient
means of producing electric energy. Since water is the most
abundant resource in the world, the most efficient way to
harness the power of water is to collect the potential
energy. This is done by damming up a body of flowing
water. The turbine is made up of a shaft with blades
attached. As a fluid flows through the blades a rotational
force is created. This force causes a torque on the shaft.
The turbine shaft is coupled to a generator, where
electricity is produced. An electric generator is “any
machine that converts mechanical energy into electricity
for transmission and distribution.” The generator works by
spinning a rotor that is turned by a turbine.

5. Hydropower ( from hydro meaning water) is energy that
comes from the force moving water. The fall and
movement of water is part of a continuous natural cycle
called the water cycle.
Harvesting the energy of moving water to produce
electricity for our own needs.
Hydroelectricity is the term referring to electricity
generated by hydropower; the production of electrical
power through the use of the gravitational force of falling
or flowing water.
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What is Hydroelectric Power?

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8. ■ The water
reservoir
is the place behind
the
Dam where water is
stored.
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Reservoir

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A dam is a man-made structure built across a river. Most dams are built to
control river flow, improve navigation, and regulate flooding. However, some
dams are built to produce hydroelectric power.
Da
m

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The penstock is the long pipe or the shaft that carries the water flowing from the
reservoir towards the power generation unit, comprised of the turbines and generator.
The water in the penstock possesses kinetic energy due to its motion and potential
energy due to its height.
The Penstock

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1. Surge tank is a storage reservoir fitted
to a penstock.
2. It control the pressure variation.
3. Its function is to control water when
load of turbine is decrease & supplies
water when the load on the turbine
increase.
Surge Tank

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Spillway

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For eBay: It acts as a sort of regulating reservoir temporarily.Water is temporarily stored
in the fore bay is the event of a rejection of load by the turbine and there is withdrawal of
water from it when load increased.

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Turbine
Prime Movers:The main purpose of the prime movers is to
convert the kinetic energy of water into mechanical energy
to produce electric energy.

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Turbine

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Generator

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18.  P = wQH/75 (where P=power produced by a turbine)
 P = ȠwɸH/75 (where P= total power available)
 Ns= N√P/H5/4
 V = Ku√2gH = πDN/60
Where,
Q = Discharge (m3)
H = Net head (m)
W = unit weight of water
ɸ = Discharge(m3)
Ƞ = Turbine efficiency (%) 18
Performance of water turbine

19.  Water is the cheapest reliable source of generation of electric
power because exits as a free gift of nature.
 There are no ash disposal problems.
 No fuel transpiration problem.
 Its maintenance cost is low.
 It requires less supervising staff.
 Auxiliaries needed in the plant are less as compared to steam
plant of equal size.
 Running cost of the plant is low.
 In addition to the power generation such are used for
irrigation and flood control purpose also.
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Advantages

20. ■ Drought
■ Impact on Local Environment and Land Use
■ Preservation Concerns
■ Initial cost of the plant is high.
■ It takes fairly long time for the creation of such plant
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Disadvantages

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