This document defines and provides examples of hybrid vehicles. It explains that hybrid vehicles have both an engine and batteries/electric motor to provide propulsion. Examples given include gasoline-pedal vehicles like mopeds, and diesel-electric vehicles like locomotives, buses, and submarines. Passenger vehicles are also commonly gasoline-electric hybrids. The key components of hybrid vehicles are described, including how the engine charges the batteries which power the electric motor. Hybrids allow for smaller engines sized for average power needs rather than peaks. They also recover braking energy and have other efficiencies over conventional vehicles.

1. By:
Ravi singh
120101mer137

2.  A hybrid is anything that uses two or mores sources
directly or indirectly to provide propulsion
 Examples of hybrid vehicles being used:
 Gasoline-pedal:
▪ Moped
 Diesel-electric:
▪ Locomotives
▪ Buses
▪ Submarines (can also be nuclear-electric)
 Gasoline-electric:
▪ Passenger Vehicles

3.  Has a fuel tank that
supplies gas to the
engine like a regular
car
 It also has a set of
batteries that run an
electric motor
 Both the engine and
electric motor can
turn the transmission
at the same time.

4.  The fuel tank goes to
the engine, but the
engine turns a
generator
 Then the generator
can either charge the
batteries or power an
electric motor that
drives the
transmission
 The gasoline engine
does not directly
power the car

5.  Gasoline engine
 Much like our engines but smaller and is made with
advanced technologies to reduce emissions and
increase efficiency
 Fuel Tank
 Energy storing device for the gasoline engine
 Gas has a much larger density than the batteries
▪ Example: 1,000 pounds of batteries store as much energy as
1 gallon (7 pounds) of gas

6.  Electric Motor
 Advance electronics allow it to act as either an
motor or a generator
 Example: When needed it can take power from the
batteries to accelerate the car. Or as the car slows
down it acts as a generator and returns that energy
to the batteries
 Generator
 Similar to an electric motor, just it acts only to
produce electrical power
 Mainly in series hybrids

7.  Batteries
 Energy storage device for the electric motor
 Transmission
 Transmission on a hybrid performs the same as a
transmission on our cars
 How a transmission works is that it takes power from
the engine or motor and sends to the driveshaft which
turns your axle to move your car

8.  The key for the hybrid car is its ability to use a
smaller engine
 A conventional engine is sized for peak power
requirement, when a study shows that most drivers
reach this less than 1% of our driving time
 The hybrid engine is sized for running at the
average power not the peak. But when it does
reach that point that it needs help up a hill or
to pass someone, it draws extra power from the
batteries and the electric motor to get the job
done.

9.  Recovers energy and stores it into the battery
 Regenerative braking
 Sometimes it will shut the engine off
 Reduces aerodynamic drag
 Low rolling resistance tires
 Stiffer and inflated more
 1/2 the drag on the road
 Lightweight Materials
 Carbon fiber
 Metals
▪ Aluminum
▪ Magnesium

10.  Warranties
 The average warranty for a hybrid now is around
either 8 yr/ 100,000 mile or even 10 year/ 150,000
mile
 Brake pads
 Regenerative braking
 Batteries
 $6800 for new Toyota and Honda hybrid
 But batteries tested to go for 180,000 miles and some