2. What makes a Hybrid?
A hybrid is anything that uses two or mores sources
directly or indirectly to provide propulsion
Examples of hybrid vehicles being used:
Gasoline-pedal:
Moped
Diesel-electric:
Locomotives
Buses
Submarines (can also be nuclear-electric)
Gasoline-electric:
Passenger Vehicles
3. Parallel Hybrid
Has a fuel tank that
supplies gas to the
engine like a regular
car
It also has a set of
batteries that run an
electric motor
Both the engine and
electric motor can
turn the transmission
at the same time.
4. Series Hybrid
The fuel tank goes to
the engine, but the
engine turns a
generator
Then the generator
can either charge the
batteries or power an
electric motor that
drives the
transmission
The gasoline engine
does not directly
power the car
5. Components of a Hybrid
Gasoline engine
Much like our engines but smaller and is made
with advanced technologies to reduce emissions
and increase efficiency
Fuel Tank
Energy storing device for the gasoline engine
Gas has a much larger density than the batteries
Example: 1,000 pounds of batteries store as much
energy as 1 gallon (7 pounds) of gas
6. Continuing Components
Electric Motor
Advance electronics allow it to act as either an
motor or a generator
Example: When needed it can take power from the
batteries to accelerate the car. Or as the car
slows down it acts as a generator and returns
that energy to the batteries
Generator
Similar to an electric motor, just it acts only
to produce electrical power
Mainly in series hybrids
7. Continuing Components
Batteries
Energy storage device for the electric motor
Transmission
Transmission on a hybrid performs the same as a
transmission on our cars
How a transmission works is that it takes power
from the engine or motor and sends to the
driveshaft which turns your axle to move your car
8. Hybrid Performance
The key for the hybrid car is its ability to
use a smaller engine
A conventional engine is sized for peak power
requirement, when a study shows that most
drivers reach this less than 1% of our driving
time
The hybrid engine is sized for running at the
average power not the peak. But when it does
reach that point that it needs help up a hill
or to pass someone, it draws extra power from
the batteries and the electric motor to get the
job done.
9. Hybrid Efficiency
Recovers energy and stores it into the battery
Regenerative braking
Sometimes it will shut the engine off
Reduces aerodynamic drag
Low rolling resistance tires
Stiffer and inflated more
1/2 the drag on the road
Lightweight Materials
Carbon fiber
Metals
Aluminum
Magnesium
10. Hybrid Maintenance
Warranties
The average warranty for a hybrid now is around
either 8 yr/ 100,000 mile or even 10 year/
150,000 mile
Brake pads
Regenerative braking
Batteries
$6800 for new Toyota and Honda hybrid
But batteries tested to go for 180,000 miles and
some