Hybrid Analog-Digital Architecture for Massive MIMO: An Introduction

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The document describes the components of wireless transmitters and receivers. It discusses low-noise amplifiers (LNA), digital-to-analog converters (DAC), analog-to-digital converters (ADC), and other components. It also compares the design of antenna switch phase shifters for sub-6GHz systems like LTE versus mmWave systems operating at 60GHz, noting that the latter requires more antennas and RF chains.

Technology

1
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LNA DC A/D
LNA
LNA
DC
DC
A/D
A/D
DSP Dig
Receiver
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1
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D/A
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UC
UC
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LNA
LNA
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DC
A/D
A/D
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Receiver
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D/A
D/A
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- BPSK
- QPSK
- M-ary QAM

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PA
···
Transmitter
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N=20, Fc=3GHz
N=400, Fc=60GHz

Fc= sub-6GHz
(e.g., LTE)
2
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2
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LNA DC A/D
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DC
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···
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Fc= mmWave
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Receiver
DSP: Speed
Interface: DSP to A/D (D/A)
A/D: Resolution
Sampling rate
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UC
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PA
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DC
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Na
1
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DC
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2
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LNA
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DC
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DSP Dig
···
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Ma
1
2
ASP
Reason: Na << N
Ma << M

Digitally
controlled
···
ASP
···
···Digitally controlled
switches
Phase shifter (switch) based ASP Designs
+
+
+
+
+
+ +
+
···
···
Low cost
···
ASP
···
···
Best performance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
···
···

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