The document provides an overview of HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems. It describes the basic components and working principles of HVAC systems, including air return setups, filters, heating/cooling elements, compressors, blowers, coils, ducts, and vents. It also discusses different types of HVAC systems like split, hybrid split, duct-free mini-split, and packaged systems. The document highlights advantages and disadvantages of each type. Finally, it explains the general working of HVAC systems involving air intake, heating/cooling, and distribution through ducts.
Types of air conditioning for HVAC applicationVirtu Institute
This document discusses different types of air conditioning units for both domestic and commercial use. It describes portable, wall/window, split-system, ducted, and other unit types for homes. For commercial spaces, it covers evaporative cooling systems, variable refrigerant flow systems, medium/large ducted systems, and energy recovery systems. The document provides details on how each system works and typical costs. It emphasizes the benefits of inverter technology and discusses important considerations for choosing and installing different air conditioning options.
Economic growth and a rise in purchasing power have allowed the average middle-class family to live a healthy and comfortable life. Although once thought of as an expensive product, buying of air conditioning units nowadays occupies an important place in nearly every middle-class home and in metropolitan areas and even in smaller towns. The wide variety of brands and choices has made people more aware of their requirements due to the advancement of technology, benefits for healthcare as well as energy efficiency. Based on the needs of consumers and local climate trends and health issues, manufacturers are launching highly efficient 5-star ACs which are well constructed and come with value-added features. Looking for Air Conditioner Fazal Sons provide best AC Prices.
Economic growth and a rise in purchasing power have allowed the average middle-class family to live a healthy and comfortable life. Although once thought of as an expensive product, buying of air conditioning units nowadays occupies an important place in nearly every middle-class home and in metropolitan areas and even in smaller towns. The wide variety of brands and choices has made people more aware of their requirements due to the advancement of technology, benefits for healthcare as well as energy efficiency. Based on the needs of consumers and local climate trends and health issues, manufacturers are launching highly efficient 5-star ACs which are well constructed and come with value-added features. Looking for Air Conditioner Fazal Sons provide best AC Prices.
The document discusses the mechanical ventilation and air conditioning systems used at SP Setia Headquarters. It describes the jet fan system used in the basement parking area to ventilate air and extract smoke in a fire. It also discusses the centralized air conditioning system, including the refrigeration cycle, air cooled chillers, cooling towers, and air handling units used to cool and circulate air throughout the building. Variable air volume and underfloor air distribution systems are used for zone control, with floor and ceiling diffusers distributing conditioned air.
The document discusses air conditioning systems. It describes how air conditioners work using a refrigerant chemical to transfer heat from inside to outside. There are three main parts: a compressor, condenser, and evaporator. Air conditioning systems can be individual units, unitary packaged systems serving multiple rooms, or central hydronic systems with air handling units, water systems, and a central plant. Properly sizing and installing air conditioners can improve energy efficiency. The goal of AC system design is to have an effective, efficient, and cost-effective system that meets requirements.
Fazal Sons Electronics provides a wide range of DC Inverters with affordable DC Inverters Prices in Pakistan. Experience peace of mind and convenience with Fazal Sons Electronics as you explore the best DC inverter prices in Pakistan.
Visit us:
https://fazalsons.pk/product-category/air-conditioner/dc-inverter/
Types of air conditioning for HVAC applicationVirtu Institute
This document discusses different types of air conditioning units for both domestic and commercial use. It describes portable, wall/window, split-system, ducted, and other unit types for homes. For commercial spaces, it covers evaporative cooling systems, variable refrigerant flow systems, medium/large ducted systems, and energy recovery systems. The document provides details on how each system works and typical costs. It emphasizes the benefits of inverter technology and discusses important considerations for choosing and installing different air conditioning options.
Economic growth and a rise in purchasing power have allowed the average middle-class family to live a healthy and comfortable life. Although once thought of as an expensive product, buying of air conditioning units nowadays occupies an important place in nearly every middle-class home and in metropolitan areas and even in smaller towns. The wide variety of brands and choices has made people more aware of their requirements due to the advancement of technology, benefits for healthcare as well as energy efficiency. Based on the needs of consumers and local climate trends and health issues, manufacturers are launching highly efficient 5-star ACs which are well constructed and come with value-added features. Looking for Air Conditioner Fazal Sons provide best AC Prices.
Economic growth and a rise in purchasing power have allowed the average middle-class family to live a healthy and comfortable life. Although once thought of as an expensive product, buying of air conditioning units nowadays occupies an important place in nearly every middle-class home and in metropolitan areas and even in smaller towns. The wide variety of brands and choices has made people more aware of their requirements due to the advancement of technology, benefits for healthcare as well as energy efficiency. Based on the needs of consumers and local climate trends and health issues, manufacturers are launching highly efficient 5-star ACs which are well constructed and come with value-added features. Looking for Air Conditioner Fazal Sons provide best AC Prices.
The document discusses the mechanical ventilation and air conditioning systems used at SP Setia Headquarters. It describes the jet fan system used in the basement parking area to ventilate air and extract smoke in a fire. It also discusses the centralized air conditioning system, including the refrigeration cycle, air cooled chillers, cooling towers, and air handling units used to cool and circulate air throughout the building. Variable air volume and underfloor air distribution systems are used for zone control, with floor and ceiling diffusers distributing conditioned air.
The document discusses air conditioning systems. It describes how air conditioners work using a refrigerant chemical to transfer heat from inside to outside. There are three main parts: a compressor, condenser, and evaporator. Air conditioning systems can be individual units, unitary packaged systems serving multiple rooms, or central hydronic systems with air handling units, water systems, and a central plant. Properly sizing and installing air conditioners can improve energy efficiency. The goal of AC system design is to have an effective, efficient, and cost-effective system that meets requirements.
Fazal Sons Electronics provides a wide range of DC Inverters with affordable DC Inverters Prices in Pakistan. Experience peace of mind and convenience with Fazal Sons Electronics as you explore the best DC inverter prices in Pakistan.
Visit us:
https://fazalsons.pk/product-category/air-conditioner/dc-inverter/
The document discusses heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. It defines HVAC and explains why these systems are needed, such as to control temperature and humidity for human comfort. It then describes various HVAC terminology like dry-bulb temperature and wet-bulb temperature. The document also discusses different types of air conditioning systems like packaged, centralized, split, and window units. It provides diagrams of typical HVAC and refrigeration cycles. Key HVAC components like air handling units, compressors, condensers, and evaporators are also explained.
Artificial ventilation involves using mechanical fans and systems to drive stale interior air outside and bring fresh air inside. There are three main types: supply ventilation which pressurizes interior spaces, exhaust ventilation which depressurizes, and balanced ventilation which maintains pressure equilibrium. Balanced ventilation includes heat and energy recovery systems. Artificial ventilation provides controlled air exchange and distribution without introducing outdoor pollutants. However, faulty systems can impact health and quality systems are expensive. A case study of Cundall offices showed how artificial and natural ventilation can be integrated harmoniously in a thermally active building.
Air conditioning for large multistory buildingspnazila
Most large multistory buildings use centralized air conditioning equipment located on the roof or in the basement. The roof allows for fresh air intake and heat rejection while the basement provides easy utility connections and noise isolation. Common central air conditioning systems include central plants, variable air volume, terminal reheat, multizone, double duct, induction, and fan coil systems. Fan coil systems circulate air over hot or cold water coils in fan coil units located in individual zones to control temperature.
This document discusses different types of air conditioning systems. It describes window air conditioners, split air conditioners, package air conditioners, year-round air conditioners, central air conditioners, air cooled systems, and water cooled systems. The key components of air conditioning systems are also identified as the compressor, fan, condenser coil, evaporator coil, distribution system, and grille.
An Introduction to Basic HVAC ElementsAce Plumbing
HVAC systems are complex, with numerous elements that work together to perform various functions. In this pdf document, we'll go over the main components of an HVAC system and how they work together to keep your home comfortable. Let's get started!
The document discusses the key differences between HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems and AC (air conditioning) units. HVAC systems provide both heating and cooling for entire buildings through components like furnaces and ductwork, while AC units only cool individual rooms. HVAC systems are more comprehensive but also more expensive than AC units, which are best for cooling single spaces. Factors like climate, space needs, budget, and long-term plans should be considered to determine whether an HVAC or AC solution is most suitable.
Basics of Heating Ventilation & Air Conditioning and Refrigeration, Various types of HVAC systems, Career opportunities and study material for learning HVACR
This document discusses different types of air conditioning systems and their components. It introduces window units, split units, central air conditioning, and packaged units. It then covers the cooling cycle/refrigeration cycle involving the compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator. District cooling systems and chilled beam systems are also introduced as newer technologies. The coolant used in air conditioning systems must be non-toxic, non-explosive, non-corrosive, and have high electrical resistance while effectively lubricating components. Common coolants mentioned include R-22, R-12, and R-11.
Amazing All Kinds of Air Conditioner System with Photos.pdfPCHEYBlog
appliances found in a house.
Air conditioner System are widely used electrical appliances in homes, offices, and shopping stores. They are an integral part of most households, with nearly every home having some type of air conditioner installed.
AC systems focus solely on cooling and dehumidifying air within a space using a refrigeration cycle of compressor, condenser, evaporator and expansion valve. HVAC systems provide both heating and cooling for a building using additional components of a furnace, ductwork and thermostat. While AC systems are ideal for cooling individual rooms, HVAC systems offer year-round temperature control for larger spaces but are more expensive to install and maintain. Homeowners should consider their budget, space needs, climate and energy efficiency when deciding between AC and HVAC systems.
This document discusses air conditioning systems. It begins with an introduction defining air conditioning and its goals of altering air properties like temperature and humidity for comfort or industrial processes. It then discusses the principles, types, and components of air conditioning systems. The main types are window units, split systems, centralised systems, and packaged systems. It also introduces new technologies like district cooling systems and chilled beam systems. Finally, it discusses the refrigeration cycle and common coolants used.
HVAC systems are designed to heat, cool, and ventilate indoor spaces for human comfort. Heating increases temperature while cooling decreases it. Ventilation maintains indoor air quality through exhaust and fresh air. Air conditioning alters temperature, humidity, and air quality. Common HVAC systems include window units for single rooms, split units with indoor and outdoor components, packaged units for medium loads, and central air for large buildings. Vapor compression is the most widely used refrigeration cycle, involving an evaporator, compressor, condenser, and expansion valve.
Guide HVAC Systems: Basics, How They Work, and HVAC TypesChandresh Chudasama
Explore the basics of HVAC systems, how they work, and the different types in this comprehensive guide on HVAC System Guide. HVAC, which is an abbreviation for Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning, is no less crucial than this, as it defines how heat is viewed and controlled in indoor spaces.
Ventilation is important to maintain indoor air quality by allowing oxygen in and removing carbon dioxide, water vapor, and fumes. There are several types of energy efficient ventilation systems that can be used in homes, including passive stack ventilation (PSV), single room heat recovery ventilation (SRHRV), mechanical extract ventilation (MEV), and positive input ventilation (PIV). Each system has its own installation process and potential problems such as draughts, noise, or difficulty achieving balanced airflow. Proper installation and ductwork is important for ensuring efficient operation.
This document discusses different types of air conditioning systems and technologies. It describes window air conditioning systems, split air conditioning systems, centralized air conditioning systems, and packaged air conditioning systems. It also introduces new technologies like district cooling systems and chilled beam systems. District cooling systems involve a centralized plant that distributes chilled water through underground pipes to multiple buildings. Chilled beam systems use beams suspended from ceilings to circulate chilled water and cool rooms via convection. The document also outlines the basic refrigeration cycle used in air conditioning with its main components: compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator.
This document discusses different types of air conditioning systems and their components. It describes window air conditioning systems, split air conditioning systems, centralized air conditioning systems, and packaged air conditioning systems. It also discusses new technologies like district cooling systems and chilled beam systems. The cooling cycle/refrigeration cycle is explained through its key components: compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator. Requirements for coolants used in air conditioning systems are outlined.
HVAC systems generate heat or cool air in a central location and distribute it to spaces in a home or building. There are several types of HVAC systems including central, distributed, window units, split units, package units, and portable air conditioners. Central air conditioning systems are best for large spaces like offices, theaters, and factories as they efficiently cool multiple rooms at once and require less equipment and maintenance than individual window or split units.
Introduction to hvac system, types of efficient hvac system and how it works. design recommendation for installation of hvac. air handling unit concept. case study.
The document summarizes recent trends in HVAC systems, including improved energy efficiency, smart thermostats, duct sealing techniques like Aeroseal, zoning systems, ductless mini-split systems, and geothermal heating and cooling. Emerging trends include movement-activated air conditioning, ice-powered air conditioning, and harnessing waste heat from computers to power heating systems. Fully automated homes integrated with HVAC systems is also discussed.
Learn why HVAC system maintenance is crucial for Cayman construction companies. Explore expert tips and services to ensure your HVAC systems operate efficiently, reducing downtime and saving money.
A Inspection of concrete bridges-final 280410.pptMdAliMujawar1
Bridge inspections involve systematically observing the condition and behavior of bridge components over time. Inspections check that bridges remain structurally safe and identify potential issues. Concrete bridges require careful inspection as concrete is heterogeneous and cracks can form from various causes that are not always predictable. Inspectors examine cracks for cause, growth, and impact on structural capacity. Proper inspection equipment, precautions, and understanding crack behavior are important to determine maintenance needs.
The document discusses project management basics and concepts. It covers the five phases of the project life cycle: initiation, planning, execution, monitoring and controlling, and closure. It also discusses stakeholders, types of projects, feasibility studies, and the roles and responsibilities of a project manager during each phase. Undue use of money and resources can be prevented with effective project management.
The document discusses heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. It defines HVAC and explains why these systems are needed, such as to control temperature and humidity for human comfort. It then describes various HVAC terminology like dry-bulb temperature and wet-bulb temperature. The document also discusses different types of air conditioning systems like packaged, centralized, split, and window units. It provides diagrams of typical HVAC and refrigeration cycles. Key HVAC components like air handling units, compressors, condensers, and evaporators are also explained.
Artificial ventilation involves using mechanical fans and systems to drive stale interior air outside and bring fresh air inside. There are three main types: supply ventilation which pressurizes interior spaces, exhaust ventilation which depressurizes, and balanced ventilation which maintains pressure equilibrium. Balanced ventilation includes heat and energy recovery systems. Artificial ventilation provides controlled air exchange and distribution without introducing outdoor pollutants. However, faulty systems can impact health and quality systems are expensive. A case study of Cundall offices showed how artificial and natural ventilation can be integrated harmoniously in a thermally active building.
Air conditioning for large multistory buildingspnazila
Most large multistory buildings use centralized air conditioning equipment located on the roof or in the basement. The roof allows for fresh air intake and heat rejection while the basement provides easy utility connections and noise isolation. Common central air conditioning systems include central plants, variable air volume, terminal reheat, multizone, double duct, induction, and fan coil systems. Fan coil systems circulate air over hot or cold water coils in fan coil units located in individual zones to control temperature.
This document discusses different types of air conditioning systems. It describes window air conditioners, split air conditioners, package air conditioners, year-round air conditioners, central air conditioners, air cooled systems, and water cooled systems. The key components of air conditioning systems are also identified as the compressor, fan, condenser coil, evaporator coil, distribution system, and grille.
An Introduction to Basic HVAC ElementsAce Plumbing
HVAC systems are complex, with numerous elements that work together to perform various functions. In this pdf document, we'll go over the main components of an HVAC system and how they work together to keep your home comfortable. Let's get started!
The document discusses the key differences between HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems and AC (air conditioning) units. HVAC systems provide both heating and cooling for entire buildings through components like furnaces and ductwork, while AC units only cool individual rooms. HVAC systems are more comprehensive but also more expensive than AC units, which are best for cooling single spaces. Factors like climate, space needs, budget, and long-term plans should be considered to determine whether an HVAC or AC solution is most suitable.
Basics of Heating Ventilation & Air Conditioning and Refrigeration, Various types of HVAC systems, Career opportunities and study material for learning HVACR
This document discusses different types of air conditioning systems and their components. It introduces window units, split units, central air conditioning, and packaged units. It then covers the cooling cycle/refrigeration cycle involving the compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator. District cooling systems and chilled beam systems are also introduced as newer technologies. The coolant used in air conditioning systems must be non-toxic, non-explosive, non-corrosive, and have high electrical resistance while effectively lubricating components. Common coolants mentioned include R-22, R-12, and R-11.
Amazing All Kinds of Air Conditioner System with Photos.pdfPCHEYBlog
appliances found in a house.
Air conditioner System are widely used electrical appliances in homes, offices, and shopping stores. They are an integral part of most households, with nearly every home having some type of air conditioner installed.
AC systems focus solely on cooling and dehumidifying air within a space using a refrigeration cycle of compressor, condenser, evaporator and expansion valve. HVAC systems provide both heating and cooling for a building using additional components of a furnace, ductwork and thermostat. While AC systems are ideal for cooling individual rooms, HVAC systems offer year-round temperature control for larger spaces but are more expensive to install and maintain. Homeowners should consider their budget, space needs, climate and energy efficiency when deciding between AC and HVAC systems.
This document discusses air conditioning systems. It begins with an introduction defining air conditioning and its goals of altering air properties like temperature and humidity for comfort or industrial processes. It then discusses the principles, types, and components of air conditioning systems. The main types are window units, split systems, centralised systems, and packaged systems. It also introduces new technologies like district cooling systems and chilled beam systems. Finally, it discusses the refrigeration cycle and common coolants used.
HVAC systems are designed to heat, cool, and ventilate indoor spaces for human comfort. Heating increases temperature while cooling decreases it. Ventilation maintains indoor air quality through exhaust and fresh air. Air conditioning alters temperature, humidity, and air quality. Common HVAC systems include window units for single rooms, split units with indoor and outdoor components, packaged units for medium loads, and central air for large buildings. Vapor compression is the most widely used refrigeration cycle, involving an evaporator, compressor, condenser, and expansion valve.
Guide HVAC Systems: Basics, How They Work, and HVAC TypesChandresh Chudasama
Explore the basics of HVAC systems, how they work, and the different types in this comprehensive guide on HVAC System Guide. HVAC, which is an abbreviation for Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning, is no less crucial than this, as it defines how heat is viewed and controlled in indoor spaces.
Ventilation is important to maintain indoor air quality by allowing oxygen in and removing carbon dioxide, water vapor, and fumes. There are several types of energy efficient ventilation systems that can be used in homes, including passive stack ventilation (PSV), single room heat recovery ventilation (SRHRV), mechanical extract ventilation (MEV), and positive input ventilation (PIV). Each system has its own installation process and potential problems such as draughts, noise, or difficulty achieving balanced airflow. Proper installation and ductwork is important for ensuring efficient operation.
This document discusses different types of air conditioning systems and technologies. It describes window air conditioning systems, split air conditioning systems, centralized air conditioning systems, and packaged air conditioning systems. It also introduces new technologies like district cooling systems and chilled beam systems. District cooling systems involve a centralized plant that distributes chilled water through underground pipes to multiple buildings. Chilled beam systems use beams suspended from ceilings to circulate chilled water and cool rooms via convection. The document also outlines the basic refrigeration cycle used in air conditioning with its main components: compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator.
This document discusses different types of air conditioning systems and their components. It describes window air conditioning systems, split air conditioning systems, centralized air conditioning systems, and packaged air conditioning systems. It also discusses new technologies like district cooling systems and chilled beam systems. The cooling cycle/refrigeration cycle is explained through its key components: compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator. Requirements for coolants used in air conditioning systems are outlined.
HVAC systems generate heat or cool air in a central location and distribute it to spaces in a home or building. There are several types of HVAC systems including central, distributed, window units, split units, package units, and portable air conditioners. Central air conditioning systems are best for large spaces like offices, theaters, and factories as they efficiently cool multiple rooms at once and require less equipment and maintenance than individual window or split units.
Introduction to hvac system, types of efficient hvac system and how it works. design recommendation for installation of hvac. air handling unit concept. case study.
The document summarizes recent trends in HVAC systems, including improved energy efficiency, smart thermostats, duct sealing techniques like Aeroseal, zoning systems, ductless mini-split systems, and geothermal heating and cooling. Emerging trends include movement-activated air conditioning, ice-powered air conditioning, and harnessing waste heat from computers to power heating systems. Fully automated homes integrated with HVAC systems is also discussed.
Learn why HVAC system maintenance is crucial for Cayman construction companies. Explore expert tips and services to ensure your HVAC systems operate efficiently, reducing downtime and saving money.
A Inspection of concrete bridges-final 280410.pptMdAliMujawar1
Bridge inspections involve systematically observing the condition and behavior of bridge components over time. Inspections check that bridges remain structurally safe and identify potential issues. Concrete bridges require careful inspection as concrete is heterogeneous and cracks can form from various causes that are not always predictable. Inspectors examine cracks for cause, growth, and impact on structural capacity. Proper inspection equipment, precautions, and understanding crack behavior are important to determine maintenance needs.
The document discusses project management basics and concepts. It covers the five phases of the project life cycle: initiation, planning, execution, monitoring and controlling, and closure. It also discusses stakeholders, types of projects, feasibility studies, and the roles and responsibilities of a project manager during each phase. Undue use of money and resources can be prevented with effective project management.
Chloride attack is one of the most important factors affecting the durability of concrete and is a major cause of corrosion of steel reinforcement. Over 40% of structural failures are due to corrosion caused by chloride penetration through permeable concrete reaching the steel. For corrosion to occur, chlorides must penetrate the concrete along with water and oxygen to break down the protective oxide layer on the steel. Proper mix design and construction techniques are needed to produce impermeable concrete and prevent corrosion.
This document discusses various types of chemical attacks that can occur on concrete, specifically chloride attack, sulphate attack, carbonation, and alkali-aggregate attack. It explains that chloride attack from permeable concrete is one of the leading causes of steel reinforcement corrosion in structures. The passive alkaline layer of concrete can degrade due to carbonation which reduces pH, allowing corrosion. Sulphate attack occurs when sulfates from soil, water, or industrial sources react with concrete compounds and expand in volume, cracking the concrete. Alkali-aggregate reaction involves chemical reactions between aggregate minerals and alkalis in concrete that can also cause cracking.
Fast-track construction begins construction before the design is complete in order to shorten the project completion time. There are benefits to a shorter schedule such as reducing costs for owners, manufacturers, and construction financing. However, fast-track construction is more difficult to manage than traditional design-bid-build processes since the design is not finalized when construction starts. This can increase risks such as uncertain final costs since the design is incomplete, and early construction may need to be modified or redone if design changes occur later. Close coordination is needed between parties to manage the risks.
Rapid Constructions is a construction company focused on fast and efficient building. In just a few sentences, the document name implies the company specializes in quick turnaround projects completed rapidly. No other details are provided about the type of constructions, locations, or services offered.
Resource levelling is a technique that resolves conflicts arising from over-allocation of resources on projects. It aims to reduce waste by preventing over-allocation and making use of unused time. If resources are not properly allocated, it can result in delays, budget overruns, and financial risk for the organization. Resource levelling helps identify times when resources are unused and takes measures to prevent this or take advantage of the available time.
Resource levelling is a technique in project management that oversees resource allocation to prevent over-allocation and resolve conflicts. It ensures resources are properly allocated to benefit the organization by delivering projects on time without conflicts. An organization can face problems if some resources are over-allocated while others are under-allocated, bringing financial risk. Resource levelling helps maximize use of available resources by reducing wastage from over-allocation and identifying unused time that can be utilized. It aims to increase project efficiency by properly using resources at hand without heavy expenditure.
Resource levelling is a technique that oversees resource allocation to prevent over-allocation and resolve conflicts. It ensures resources are allocated properly throughout a project to deliver on time without issues. Improper resource allocation can cause some resources to be overused while others are underused, bringing financial risks. Resource levelling is especially important when demand exceeds supply of resources.
This document provides an introduction to project management. It discusses that project management is a method for organizing tasks using a structured framework to help groups work productively. It involves tools to aid in task sequencing, dependency analysis, resource allocation, scheduling, and tracking progress. Complex projects require coordination of multiple people, resources, tasks, decision points, and expenditures. Project management helps identify task dependencies and critical paths. It suggests steps to generate formal project definitions, identify constraints and milestones, list tasks, estimate time and resources, organize tasks, and monitor and revise plans as needed. Microsoft Project allows entering and observing project information and identifying problems. Regular use can help groups refine plans to meet targets realistically.
Revolutionizing the Digital Landscape: Web Development Companies in Indiaamrsoftec1
Discover unparalleled creativity and technical prowess with India's leading web development companies. From custom solutions to e-commerce platforms, harness the expertise of skilled developers at competitive prices. Transform your digital presence, enhance the user experience, and propel your business to new heights with innovative solutions tailored to your needs, all from the heart of India's tech industry.
Architectural and constructions management experience since 2003 including 18 years located in UAE.
Coordinate and oversee all technical activities relating to architectural and construction projects,
including directing the design team, reviewing drafts and computer models, and approving design
changes.
Organize and typically develop, and review building plans, ensuring that a project meets all safety and
environmental standards.
Prepare feasibility studies, construction contracts, and tender documents with specifications and
tender analyses.
Consulting with clients, work on formulating equipment and labor cost estimates, ensuring a project
meets environmental, safety, structural, zoning, and aesthetic standards.
Monitoring the progress of a project to assess whether or not it is in compliance with building plans
and project deadlines.
Attention to detail, exceptional time management, and strong problem-solving and communication
skills are required for this role.
EASY TUTORIAL OF HOW TO USE CAPCUT BY: FEBLESS HERNANEFebless Hernane
CapCut is an easy-to-use video editing app perfect for beginners. To start, download and open CapCut on your phone. Tap "New Project" and select the videos or photos you want to edit. You can trim clips by dragging the edges, add text by tapping "Text," and include music by selecting "Audio." Enhance your video with filters and effects from the "Effects" menu. When you're happy with your video, tap the export button to save and share it. CapCut makes video editing simple and fun for everyone!
Storytelling For The Web: Integrate Storytelling in your Design ProcessChiara Aliotta
In this slides I explain how I have used storytelling techniques to elevate websites and brands and create memorable user experiences. You can discover practical tips as I showcase the elements of good storytelling and its applied to some examples of diverse brands/projects..
Maximize Your Content with Beautiful Assets : Content & Asset for Landing Page pmgdscunsri
Figma is a cloud-based design tool widely used by designers for prototyping, UI/UX design, and real-time collaboration. With features such as precision pen tools, grid system, and reusable components, Figma makes it easy for teams to work together on design projects. Its flexibility and accessibility make Figma a top choice in the digital age.
International Upcycling Research Network advisory board meeting 4Kyungeun Sung
Slides used for the International Upcycling Research Network advisory board 4 (last one). The project is based at De Montfort University in Leicester, UK, and funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council.
Visual Style and Aesthetics: Basics of Visual Design
Visual Design for Enterprise Applications
Range of Visual Styles.
Mobile Interfaces:
Challenges and Opportunities of Mobile Design
Approach to Mobile Design
Patterns
PDF SubmissionDigital Marketing Institute in NoidaPoojaSaini954651
https://www.safalta.com/online-digital-marketing/advance-digital-marketing-training-in-noidaTop Digital Marketing Institute in Noida: Boost Your Career Fast
[3:29 am, 30/05/2024] +91 83818 43552: Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida also provides advanced classes for individuals seeking to develop their expertise and skills in this field. These classes, led by industry experts with vast experience, focus on specific aspects of digital marketing such as advanced SEO strategies, sophisticated content creation techniques, and data-driven analytics.
Practical eLearning Makeovers for EveryoneBianca Woods
Welcome to Practical eLearning Makeovers for Everyone. In this presentation, we’ll take a look at a bunch of easy-to-use visual design tips and tricks. And we’ll do this by using them to spruce up some eLearning screens that are in dire need of a new look.
2. The heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC)
system is an integrated setup that can heat or cool the
atmospheric air while conditioning the air quality based on
requirements. The HVAC systems can be implemented for
tasks like cooling, heating, moisture control, dust removal,
and oxygen replenishment in an indoor location.
The HVAC systems produce and supply cooling and
heating to business and domestic buildings. HVAC systems
can be easily found everywhere, from a single-family house
to submarines residence, where these systems deliver an
environmentally friendly environment.
3. The popularity of these systems is increasing day by
day. One of the main reasons for their popularity is
their high efficiency and flexibility. They are popular
in new buildings because they use fresh outside air to
supply high-quality indoor air.
4. The HVAC system works on the basic working principle
of heat transfer, fluid, mechanics and thermo-
dynamics.
The objective of HVAC is not just to heat or cool the
room. Rather, it also helps to increase the quality of the
indoor air and provides comfort for the community of
the specific house. HVAC systems have different types,
but they all start with similar basic elements.
5. The HVAC system is an integrated mechanical setup that
involves several mechanical products as fundamental
components of the system. Although the HVAC systems can
be customized based on operational requirements, the list of
components remains the same. The following are
components of the HVAC system.
Air Return Setup
Air Filters
Electronic Heating Elements
Exhaust Outlet
Compressors
Blowers
Coil
6. The general working principle of an HVAC system is
described below.
To trigger the function of an HVAC system,
the air return setup is activated.
This air return setup acts as an entry
and exit point of a ventilation cycle,
which remains continuously active throughout the
operation of an HVAC system. The outside air is sucked
inside the room with the help of industrial axial fans,
and the inside air is pushed outside the room with the
help of an exhaust fan unit.
The air passes through the air filters during the intake phase
itself and dust and other bacterial matter are filtered out.
7. Further, one of the following two activities can be performed
under temperature control via an HVAC system.
Air Heating: If the heating of air is required, the heating unit
of the HVAC should be activated. The heating operation in
the HVAC setup makes use of electronic heating elements.
The heating element can be an electronic heater, induction
coil, thermostats, etc. The heating element generates a heated
region in the path of suction air, as the air passes through the
heated region it warms up. This way, warm air is injected
inside the room.
Air Cooling: The cooling unit is activated to cool the air. In the
cooling unit, the air is passed through a coil, which is a part of a
heat exchanger. The heat exchangers can be of shell and tube or
cross-flow coil type. The exchanger unit consists of a refrigerant,
which ejects the heat from suction
8. Air Cooling: The cooling unit is activated to cool the air. In the
cooling unit, the air is passed through a coil, which is a part of a
heat exchanger. The heat exchangers can be of shell and tube or
cross-flow coil type. The exchanger unit consists of a refrigerant,
which ejects the heat from suctionair, and only cooled air is injected
into the room. The cooling units are integrated with a compressor
which is responsible for liquefying the refrigerant.
9. The HVAC system has the following major types:
Heating and Cooling Split System
Hybrid Split System
Duct Free (Mini-Split) System
Packaged Heating and Air
10. The heat and the cooling split system is a most famous
type of HVAC equipment. As the name of this system
represents that it is split into two main units:
One for cooling
The second is for heating
The heating and cooling split unit is common because
it has both outdoor and indoor units that can be easily
identified. It has an external cooling system that uses a
coil, compressor, and refrigerant to cool the air and a
fan to expel hot air out of the building.
11. These systems act as large air conditioners
usually installed outside the building and
operate in the summer.
This system also has a conventional thermostat to
control and maintain the internal temperature of the
building at the required temperature. These heat and
cooling split systems are most suitable and popular
because they have no environmental factors or specific
requirements.
12. This system also has a conventional thermostat to
control and maintain the internal temperature of the
building at the required temperature. These heat and
cooling split systems are most suitable and popular
because they have no environmental factors or specific
requirements.
13. The split air conditioner has an easy installation because it
doesn’t need ductwork.
It has an easy and simple operation.
This air conditioning system runs quietly and is best
suitable for conference rooms, libraries, bedrooms, offices,
and classrooms.
These have easy maintenance.
There are many types of split air conditioners that use less
energy and have high work efficiency.
These systems cool various building zones by splitting the
zones into small parts.
They have low maintenance and utility bill costs.
14. The heat and cooling split system is 30% to 40% more expensive than
conventional air conditioners.
You will need a professional technician for the installation of these
systems to confirm the warranty validation and safety. It may be hard
for you to find a professional, or he may cost you high for its
installation.
These systems are not best suitable, especially if you live in an
apartment or high-rise building.
The internal parts of the split system have a very quiet operation, but
the external parts, such as the compressor unit makes high noise. This
can create problems if you have a residence in a highly-populated area.
The installation of the drainage system exterior of the room can attract
the attention of other people. If this system leaks, this may cause a
short circuit which may cause the death of someone.
15. This type of HVAC is a little bit different than the split
system. The hybrid split system is popular because it has
the capacity to reduce energy costs by using its hybrid-
electric heating system, which makes it special from other
HVAC systems.
16. TThe owner usually makes this important distinction
to distinguish these systems from other types of HVAC
systems.
The maximum homeowners choose them because
these systems are quieter, highly efficient, and have the
ability to switch quickly between gas power to electric
power.
They have traditional thermostats and ducts and
deliver all the advantages of the split systems. These
systems also offer additional options to save energy
and reduce electricity bills.
17. This system saves energy because it can switch
between oil and natural gas at a low cost.
As long as the temperature is more than 40 degrees,
the heat pump uses less fuel and produces a lot of
energy.
The heat & cooling system of the air conditioning
series integrates various parts of a hybrid air
conditioning system in one device. This way, you can
use a fully customizable split system that suits your
desired requirements.
These systems improve your comfort level.
They have a quiet operation.
18. They have complex installations.
You need a specialist for the installation of these
systems.
19. The mini-split systems have high upfront costs but offer
significant advantages for specific requirements and
applications. This is an independent unit installed in each
room and provides better independent control. They install
on indoor walls and are usually connected to exterior
compressors.
20. This type of HVAC unit has high costs. These units are
easy to install and can be controlled independently,
making them well suited for new buildings like
additions, garages, and other buildings.
These systems are also valuable for services like venues
and hotels because they give occupants control over
the temperature and condition.
21. It has small size
It has high flexibility
This system has an easy installation than other types of
HVAC equipment.
It doesn’t have ducts. Therefore, it saves the energy
that may lose associated with ductwork.
It offers more flexible internal design options than
other types.
22. The main disadvantage of the mini-split system is its
high cost. The cost of cooling capacity for such an air
conditioning system range from approximately $ 1,400
to $ 2,100 per ton (12,050 Btu / hour).
This system requires a qualified installer for
installation. Finding a qualified installer or service
representative for the duct-free system may not be
easy.
Improper installation of this system can lead to short
This system also has an air handling unit. You can’t
ignore the existence of this unit. Even if it is small, it is
large and cannot be hidden, so it can spoil the beauty
of the room.
23. The packaged heating and air system is a best option
than other types of HVAC systems. This system is a
closed heating and air device stored inside the
building. This system has the capacity to both heat
and cool the house.
24. It generally stores in the top floor or attic storage room
to heat or cool the building. It has a compact size
which makes it appropriate for tight spaces or areas. If
you can’t store it in the outdoor environment, you can
place it inside the building. It has a small size.
These types of HVAC systems have easy maintenance
and extreme efficiency. This heating system is not as
powerful as other types. These are most commonly
used in hot climates.
25. It has easy maintenance.
It is a most efficient air condition system.
These have small size.
You can install it inside the building.
26. These systems aren’t so powerful like other types of
HVAC systems.
They are less efficient than other options.
27. The HVAC system has the following major parts and
design:
Thermostat
Heat Generator
Heat Exchanger
Blower
Condenser Coil
Compressor
Evaporator Coil
Air Ducts and Vents
Split Units
28. The temperature sensors of the thermostat indicate
when the heating or air conditioning needs to be
switched on or off. Your home may have different
temperature control zones then each zone will need its
own thermostat.
This component of the HVAC equipment should be as
far away as possible from the area where the
temperature difference from the expected average
temperature of the room is concentrated.
29. • The heat generator or heat pump is an important
part of the HVAC system. The main objective of
the heat pump is to generate heat by extracting
fuel energy in a furnace (also called a combustion
chamber).
• The hot produced gas then adds heat to the air or
other fluids, which heats the air going into the
air-conditioned environment. An electric heater
may also use to warmth the conditioning air.
• There are many devices for generating heat, but a
furnace is the most commonly used heat
generator. Therefore, you must consider the
combustion efficiency for controlling the
environmental emission and resource
management of these HVAC parts.
30. The main objective of the heat exchanger is to transfer
heat from one fluid to another fluid. In the case of an
HVAC system, the heat exchanger absorbs the heat
generated by the heater (such as furnace or
combustion chamber) and transfers it to another fluid.
When it is necessary to regulate the temperature of the
air flowing through the heat exchanger, some control
devices turn on the furnace or other heating units.
In maximum cases, heat transfers directly to the cold
air in order to supply heat to the desired area.
31. Maximum heat exchangers burn fuel (such as petrol,
diesel, coal) as a power source, but it has many safety
concerns which need to be considered. This is because
the combustion of fuels emits NOx. Therefore, CO acts
as a vital product for Carbon combustion process.
Sometimes, a cracked heat exchanger may leak carbon
monoxide into the air flowing throughout the
particular area.
Carbon monoxide is an odourless and colourless gas.
CO may cause nausea, dizziness, headaches, and even
death in high concentrations. Therefore, you must
install a CO detector to monitor such leaks.
32. A blower or fan uses to force the air from the heat
exchanger into the air duct and delivers it to the desired
area. This component of the HVAC system is driven by
an electric motor. You can adjust the airflow by
changing the speed of the motor. This motor must have
a variable speed.
Variable speed electric fans gradually increase speed
and reduce noise when less air is needed.
The combustion process finishes when the blower
motor stops. As the heat exchanger produces hot air, the
blower motor extracts all of the hot air present in the
heat exchanger and duct system, transfers this hot air
into the room and waits for the next heating cycle
before the motor shuts down.
33. One of the key components of the HVAC system is a
condenser coil or compressor, which is usually found
outdoors. As the hot refrigerant gas is transported to
the compressor, it compresses the refrigerant gas and
increases its pressure and temperature.
The compressor extracts the heat of the gas and
releases this heat into the external environment, and
converts the gas refrigerant into liquid form. This
vapour liquid then enters the evaporator coil via an
aluminium or copper tube. The fan increases the air
amount that flows through the condenser coils and
accelerates the condensation process.
34. The main objective of the evaporator coils is to lower the
temperature of the compressed liquid refrigerant and
converts it into vapor form.
The evaporator coil is an indoor component of the air
conditioning system. It uses to collect the liquid refrigerant
from the compressor. It has a nozzle. This nozzle mixes
condensed liquid with the warm indoor air and increases
the evaporation process. The evaporation process starts as
the condensed liquid mixes with the warm air.
35. The fan of HVAC lets the warm air in the room flow by the
return duct to the evaporator. The room’s indoor hot air
transfers its heat to the sprayed refrigerant, cools down; after
that, it distributes to the specific areas via ducts.
When air passes by the cool evaporator coils, moist air
condenses on the coil and reduces the humidity or moisture.
As the air humidity level drops, the indoor air cools down,
and the cooling process becomes more efficient.
In this process, the liquid refrigerant extracts heat from the
indoor hot air and converts it into vapour or gas refrigerant.
The hot refrigerant gas is then returned to the compressor,
and the cycle is repeated.
36. Air ducts use to transfer or direct air to various parts of
the HVAC system. Proper installation of the ducts is
very important to deliver high-quality air to the
desired areas or rooms.
If your ducts have been leaked, they may generate high
noise during operation. Even if you have a damaged air
duct, the air can be filled with extreme moisture or
unpleasant smell.
The vents use to deliver air into the desired rooms or
areas. They are installed with an air filter to prevent
dust and small particles from going into the room. The
air filter can also install in another part of the ducting
system.
37. These components are the most commonly used
components of the heat pump or air conditioning
systems. The split units are placed outside the room.
38. An air conditioner or air conditioning system provides
controlled cooling or moisture for a specific area or room. Air-
conditioned houses also have closed windows because open
windows can interfere with systems that are designed to keep
indoor air conditions constant.
During the working of the air conditioner, the fresh air from the
environment is usually sucked through the air vents into the
mixed air chamber and mixes with the indoor exhaust air. The
mixed air then goes into an outdoor or indoor heat exchanger,
which lowers the air temperature.
As the air cools according to the requirements, the air directs
into the desired area. The proportion of return air from fresh air
can generally be controlled by adjusting the ventilation
openings. Generally, an outside air intake is approximately 10
percent of the total air intake.
39. The word V or Ventilation in HVAC represents to
exchanging air in a specific area. This process improves
indoor air quality by removing carbon dioxide, bacteria in
the air, smoke, dust, heat, odour's, moisture, other gases,
oxygenation replacement, and temperature control.
In simple words, Ventilation is a method of improving air
freshness, composition and quality by exchanging air
between an air-conditioned space and the outside to dilute
gaseous pollutants in the air.
This ventilation process can be done in two methods:
Mechanical ventilation
Natural ventilation
40. Natural ventilation is a most ventilation process
in maximum buildings. In natural ventilation, air
passes naturally by the vents, doors, windows, and
other natural airflow ways.
There is no use of fans or dust for the airflow. This
process of air exchange plays a vital role in
fulfilling the oxygen requirements for breathing
and removing excess indoor humidity, carbon
dioxide, and unpleasant odors.
41. The second ventilation method is mechanical ventilation.
As the name of this method represents that it uses
mechanical units (such as fans or ducts) to allow air to flow
inside and outside the building.
These systems don’t rely on the natural airflow by windows,
ceilings, or walls to maintain a good environment inside
the building. The mechanical ventilation system uses fans
and ducts to circulate fresh air in and out of the
building.
In the previous time, maximum buildings had natural
ventilation due to windows, ceilings, cracks in buildings,
and the closing and opening of the doors. Though, the
mechanical ventilation system is becoming a progressively
vital part of home HVAC systems because modern
buildings create more enclosed houses.
42. HVAC system works on the refrigeration cycle. A refrigeration cycle
works in the following way:
First of all, the hot gas or vapour refrigerant enters the compressor.
At the compressor inlet, the vapours refrigerant has low
temperature and low pressure. As the vapours enters the
compressor, it starts the compression process of the refrigerant. It
compresses the gaseous refrigerant up to desired pressure and
temperature. After the compression process, the high-pressure
compressed vapours refrigerant is delivered into the condenser for
condensing process.
43. As the compressed vapours refrigerant enters the condenser or
condensing coils, the condenser extracts heat from the
compressed vapours refrigerant, decreases its temperature, and
converts it into liquid form.
After condensing process, the liquid refrigerant enters
the expansion valve, which expands the liquid refrigerant. This
expansion process further lowers the pressure and temperature
of the refrigerant and cools it.
After passing through the expansion valve, the liquid refrigerant
enters the evaporator. As the refrigerant enters the evaporator, it
absorbs the heat of the indoor air and cools the indoor air. As the
liquid refrigerant extracts heat by the indoor air, it evaporates
and again converts into vapours refrigerant and goes back into
the compressor, from where the whole cycle repeats. The main
purpose of this process is to extract heat by the indoor air,
transfer it into the environment, and cool the room or specific
area.
44. The maintenance, repair, and service cost of AC vary
according to the area where you live and the type of
repair or service.
The average maintenance servicing costs of the AC
vary from $70 to $210 for one-time service. The service
cost of the whole HVAC system varies from $140 to
$550.
The below-given table represents the maintenance and
repair costs of th
e air condition system. Average Cost $90
High Cost $210
Low Cost $70
45. The installation cost of the air conditioning system varies
according to your residential area and type of brand. The
installation cost of AC varies from $3,400 to $7,600.
Is it necessary to service AC every year?
It is not compulsory to service your AC unit every year.
However, it is best to repair your system every year for the
best performance of your HVAC unit. In this way, you can
reduce the repair and maintenance costs of your AC unit.
46. The AC maintenance package mainly includes the following things
Duct inspection
Thermostat inspection
Cleaning and inspection of drain lines
Removal of the fan debris
Amp measurement
Lubricate all rotating components
Refrigerant check
Seal and belt inspection
Electrical diagnostic
Cleaning and replacement of the air filter
Inspection of the coil fins
Electrical control sequence inspection to ensure that you don’t have the
AC and heater on simultaneously
Cleaning of condenser coils
Evaporator coil airflow tests
47. When should I change my AC filters?
You must replace your AC filters every 30 days. This will
increase the efficiency of your system and indoor air
quality.
Why is my AC Running But not cooling?
There are many reasons due to that your AC is running,
but it is not producing cooling. Some of the most
common reasons for which your AC unit can’t produce
cooling are given below:
Ice build-up
Dirty filters
Dirty condenser coils
Damaged or faulty condenser or air filters
Leakage in the evaporator
48. What are the parts of HVAC system?
The HVAC system has a compressor, vents, air ducts, evaporator,
condenser coils, heat exchanger, and blower. These parts play a big role
in the working of the HVAC system.
What are important factors to consider in the overall designing of a
HVAC system?
Following are some major factors that you must consider in the HVAC
system design:
Air conditioning system type
Available space for installation
Size of the system
Ventilation
Ducts
Efficiency of the system
Cost of the system
Required maintenance
Safety requirements
Service life of the system
49. What is the design of HVAC system?
HVAC system design is a sub discipline of mechanical
engineering, established on the principles of heat transfer
principles, fluid mechanics, and thermodynamics.
50. Mechanical Room: chillier, pumps, heat exchangers…
Air Handling Units (AHUs): heat, cool, humidify, dehumidify, ventilate, filter and
distribute the air.
Room Controls: thermostats and Variable Air Volume (VAV) boxes
53. Components
Weather louvers: To prevent insects, leaves, dirt and rain from
entering
Silencer: To reduce noise caused by air circulation
Flow rate controller: Automated adjustment of volume of air
(night and day, pressure control)
Control damper: Fixed adjustment of volume of air
Heating unit: To heat the air to the proper temperature
Cooling unit /de humidifier: To cool the air to the required
temperature or to remove moisture from the air
Humidifier: To bring the air to the proper humidity, if too low
Filters: To eliminate particles of pre-determined dimensions
and/or micro-organisms
Ducts: To transport the air
54. Flow rate controller
Control damper
Humidifier
Cooling battery
Filters
Ducts
Blocked
Poorly adjusted, bad pressure differential system
Bad water/steam quality/poor drainage
No elimination of condensed water/poor drainage
Incorrect retention rate/damaged/badly installed
Inappropriate material/internal insulatorleaking