Torsion springs store and release rotational energy by twisting around an axis. There are several types including single and double helical torsion springs made of wound wire, torsion bars made of flexible rods, and spiral wound springs made of a flat wire coil. Torsion springs are used in applications like automotive suspensions and spring-loaded hinges where they provide torque or hold a mechanism in position.

1. TORSION SPRINGS

2. Torsion
Twisting of a structural member due to an applied torque that produce
rotation

3. Springs
It is a device which can change its length and diameter within the elastic limit

4. Torsion Spring
A torsion spring is a mechanical device that stores and releases rotational
energy.The ends of a torsion spring are connected to a mechanical component.
As the spring is rotated around its axis on one end, the winding of the spring is
tightened and stores potential energy.

6. Types of Torsion springs
Single Torsion Helical Springs
Double Torsion Helical Springs
Torsion Bars

7. Single Helical Torsion Spring
Single torsion helical springs are the most common among all types of torsion
springs. It is made from a wire formed into a helix. The ends of the helix are
extended to form the legs wherein the load is applied to twist the spring about
its axis.

8. Double Helical Torsion Spring
Double torsion helical springs consist of two coils, a right hand and a left-
hand coil which mirror one another. The coils are wound from a single length
of wire and are separated by central legs connected in an 180° bend to
minimize friction.

9. Torsion Bars
Torsion bars are simply made of flexible and elastic straight bars which can be
twisted within their elastic limit. They are subjected to shear stress about their
axes when torque is applied at their ends. They are typically made of rubber and
steel

10. Torsion Bar Suspension
Torsion bar suspensions are torsion bars used in automobiles that support the trailing
arms when lateral or vertical forces are applied to the wheels. Under such
circumstances, the torsion bar twists around its axis to avoid deflection in the trailing
arms.

11. Spiral Wound Torsion Springs
Spiral wound torsion springs are made from wire coiled into a flat spiral. Load is typically
applied on the free end of the spiral while the central end is held in a fixed position. The coils
surround each other instead of being piled up. Therefore, these torsion springs are capable
of making large angular displacements of many revolutions

13. Summary
· A torsion spring is a mechanical device that stores and releases rotational energy. It can be
used to apply torque or statically hold a mechanism in place.
· The specifications of torsion springs are inner diameter, outer diameter, wire diameter, body
length, leg length, total coil, pitch, winding direction, leg angle, leg orientation, and leg style.
· The properties and parameters that affect the performance of torsion springs are spring
index, angular deflection, maximum deflection, maximum load, spring rate, and stress.
· The types of torsion springs are single torsion helical springs, double torsion helical springs,
torsion bars, torsion fibers, and spiral wound torsion springs.
· The classes of metals used in torsion springs are spring steels, stainless steels, alloy spring
steels, copper-based alloys, and nickel-based alloys.
· The processes involved in the production of torsion springs are winding, heat treating,
grinding, shot peening, and finishing.
Some torsion spring products are clothespins, clipboards, spring-loaded hinges, clock springs,
and torsion bar suspensions