Downloaded 13 times
Uploaded byAbhaya Gupta
Human reproduction
1. Human reproduction involves both similarities and differences between males and females. While anatomy initially develops similarly, hormones direct development towards either male or female anatomy by the 7th week of gestation. 2. The female reproductive cycle is highly complex and regulated by hormones to coordinate the monthly maturation and release of a single egg, while the male system continuously produces millions of sperm daily. 3. Fertilization occurs if sperm successfully navigates the female reproductive tract and one unites with an egg, initiating cell division and implantation in the uterine wall. Development then proceeds through gestation, culminating in birth.
More Related Content
Similar to Human reproduction
Human reproduction
- 1. Human Reproduction By:- Ananya Gupta SarikaBhandari XII C KVOFD, Raipur Dehradun
- 2. Battle of thesexes!!! Are males and females all that different? Well….. Yes And No!
- 3.
- 4. Similarities 2 pouches Testicles Ovaries Start outinside body Testicles “descend” before birth Foetus begins with “starter parts” that could develop into either gender.
- 5. Around 7th Week… Baby’s bodyis “told” by DNA to become either male or female. “Unused” parts disintegrate “Used” parts continue development (see overhead)
- 6. Male or Female??? DNAdetermines baby’s gender XX = Female XY = Male Depends on which egg & sperm get together. Father determines baby’s gender.
- 7. Anatomy – similarities Function– VERY different! Male Uncomplicated Produce sperm 2-4 MILLION every day Female Very Complicated! One egg Once a month Careful coordination of hormones & body Timing - perfect!
- 8. Females Ovaries 2 pouches Contain ova Bornwith all of her eggs (~ 400,000) Use up ~500 Won’t run out! Ovulation One egg released from ovary to oviduct (fallopian tube)
- 10. After Ovulation Egg pushedalong by cilia Few days travel time to arrive in uterus Cervix – Opening between uterus & vagina Normally tiny At birth – muscles pull open (dilation) cervix to allow baby to pass through = Labor
- 11. Menstrual Cycle Complex combinationof 10-12 chemicals (hormones) Usually one egg once a month All about timing!!! Uterus must be ready when egg gets there in case it was fertilized If no fertilization, tear down lining of uterus and rebuild for next month
- 12. 28-Day Cycle (average) ThreeStages 1. Tear Down 2. Rebuild 3. Extra nutrients/blood for potential baby No Baby? Back to #1
- 13. Chemicals (hormones) Regulate eventsin the body Estrogen Progesterone LH (leuteinizing hormone) FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) Many others
- 14. Day 1 First menstrualblood & tissue No baby = breaks down lining of uterus 5-7 days of blood/tissue exits body Pre-Ovulation
- 15. ~Day 14 Ovulation =Egg released Temp spikes slightly Most fertile in next few days! Able to get pregnant Egg gets fertilized while traveling through oviduct. Post-Ovulation
- 17. If fertilized… Zygote beginsto divide as it travels through oviduct Implants into lining of uterus
- 18. If not fertilized… Eggtravels through oviduct to uterus Exits body with blood and tissues during menstruation
- 19. Birth Control Pills “Trick”body into thinking it’s pregnant Extra hormones No ovulation occurs No ovulation = no egg = no fertilization = no baby! No hormones taken for 7 days = menstruation
- 20. Male Testes Produce 2-4 millionsperm every day Outside body – why? Sperm like temps 1-2° cooler than body temp Vas Deferens Tube sperm travel through Vasectomy Cut/tie off tube – sperm can’t get out!
- 21. Semen Contains 300-500 million sperm Spermfood pH buffers Allows sperm to survive for a couple of days inside female’s body (hostile environment)
- 22. What is sperm? Then… Usedto think it was a tiny human inside each cell Spermists vs. Ovists
- 23. Now… Contains Several Parts: Head Chemical todissolve egg goo Dad’s genetic information (DNA) Mitochondria Energy Tail Swimming
- 24. Prostate Gland Adds non-spermstuff to semen pH buffers Nourishment Cancer very common Slower-growing (usually) Surgery for removal
- 25. Bulbourethral gland Adds lubricantto aid travel of semen through the urethra
- 26.
- 27. Conception/Fertilization Ejaculation Release of 300-500million sperm Egg needs to be in oviduct Sperm to egg, not an easy task Go wrong direction : 2 paths – only 1 leads to an egg Get attacked by female’s white blood cells Acidic environment Current
- 28. Once egg islocated… Dissolve protective goo surrounding egg One gets through – enters egg Instant biochemical change in zygote No more sperm allowed in
- 29. Zygote begins development TimeLapse Development
- 30. Implants in uterinelining Endometrium= outer lining of uterus Becomes placenta Uses mother’s nutrients Continues development
- 31. Foetal Development Anmion Membrane surroundingbaby Contains amniotic fluid Breaks just before birth = “water broke” Amniotic Fluid The “water” – surrounding baby Buoyant cradle for baby Protection Free movement
- 33. Foetal Dev (cont’d) UmbilicalCord Blood vessels from placenta to baby Mom’s & baby’s blood do not circulate together! Can have 2 different blood types Diffusion
- 35.
- 36. Birth Labor – musclesused to open cervix Baby flips upside down Head first! Feet first = Breech (bad) Cesarian Section (“C-section”) surgical removal of baby After baby is born mom delivers placenta (“afterbirth”) that detaches from uterus
- 37. Breastfeeding Most nutritious optionfor baby Milk changes as baby grows Antibodies from mom create immunity for baby Studies have shown correlation between breastfeeding and higher intelligence in baby. Bond w/baby is stronger
- 38. Twins/Multiple Births Two types Monozygotic Fromone egg Identical Dizygotic From two eggs Fraternal Not identical
- 39. Identical twins One zygote Splitsin 2 No one knows why! Completely random = does NOT run in families Same exact DNA Nature’s clones
- 40. Fraternal Twins 2 separateeggs get fertilized with 2 different sperm cells More than one egg got released during ovulation Siblings Can be sisters Brothers Brother and sister Tends to run in families
- 41. Conjoined Twins Used tobe called “Siamese” twins First well known case was in Siam Identical twins that never completely separated during development Sometimes can be separated, depending on what is shared.
- 43. We are thankfulto : Our Biology teacher Mr. G.R. Thapliyal Tata McGraw Hill Publications Wadsworth Publishing Company/ITC Addison Wesely Incorporation Wikipedia Microsoft Our Parents