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CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: BERLIN CONFERENCE. A presentation suitable for Paper 2, Scramble for Africa,. It contains: European competition for Africa, spheres of influence, Otto von Bismarck, Africa as a domain, the Congo free state, the results of colonisation, massacre in Congo, a demographic disaster.
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: ALL ABOUT THE BOER WARS. It contains: origins of the Boer Wars, the Great Trek, Transvaal and Orange Free State, the Confederation of South African States, the First Boer War, the Second Boer War.
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: BERLIN CONFERENCE. A presentation suitable for Paper 2, Scramble for Africa,. It contains: European competition for Africa, spheres of influence, Otto von Bismarck, Africa as a domain, the Congo free state, the results of colonisation, massacre in Congo, a demographic disaster.
Chapter 4Folk and Popular CultureCulture and Custo.docxrobertad6
Chapter 4
Folk and Popular Culture
Culture and Customs
• People living in other
locations often have
extremely different
social customs.
• Geographers ask why
such differences exist
and how social customs
are related to the
cultural landscape.
Folk and Popular Culture
• The Key Issues are:
1. Where do folk and
popular cultures originate
and diffuse?
2. Why is folk culture
clustered?
3. Why is popular culture
widely distributed?
4. Why does globalization of
popular culture cause
problems?
Material Culture
Material artifacts of
culture are the visible
objects that a group
possesses and leaves
behind for the future.
• Here we look at two
facets of material
culture.
1) Survival activities.
2) Leisure activities
• The arts
• Recreation.
Material Culture Defined
• Culture can be
distinguished from habit
and custom.
– A habit is a repetitive act
that a particular individual
performs.
– A custom is a repetitive act
of a group.
• A collection of social
customs produces a
group’s material culture.
Folk vs. Popular Culture
• Folk culture is
traditionally practiced
primarily by small,
homogeneous groups
living in isolated rural
areas.
• Popular culture is found
in large, heterogeneous
societies.
Folk vs. Popular Culture Continued
• Landscapes dominated by a
collection of folk customs
change relatively little over
time.
• In contrast, popular culture
is based on rapid
simultaneous global
connections.
• Thus, folk culture is more
likely to vary from place to
place at a given time,
whereas popular culture is
more likely to vary from
time to time at a given
place.
Effects of Popular Culture
• In Earth’s globalization, popular
culture is becoming more
dominant, threatening the
survival of unique folk cultures.
• The disappearance of local folk
customs reduces local diversity
in the world and the intellectual
stimulation that arises from
differences in background.
• The dominance of popular
culture can also threaten the
quality of the environment.
Issue 1: Origins and Diffusion of
Folk and Popular Cultures
• Origin of folk and popular cultures
– Origin of folk music
– Origin of popular music
• Diffusion of folk and popular cultures
– The Amish: Relocation diffusion of folk culture
– Sports: Hierarchical diffusion of popular culture
Origin of Folk and Popular Cultures
• A social custom originates at a
hearth, a center of innovation.
• Folk customs often have
anonymous hearths.
• They may also have multiple
hearths.
• Popular culture is most often a
product of the economically
more developed countries.
• Industrial technology permits
the uniform reproduction of
objects in large quantities.
Folk Music
• Music exemplifies the
differences in the origins of
folk and popular culture.
• Folk songs tell a story or
convey information about
daily activities such as
farming, life-cycle events
(birth, death, and
marri.
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Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
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2. • How has Eastern Europe
been most affected by
the use of a variety of
languages?
A. It has led to new arts
and literature.
B. It has made unification
difficult.
C. It has improved trade
and commerce.
D. It has allowed the
English language to
become dominant.
3. Warm-up –
Hungarian
Pigs
• 1. What efforts have been made to
protect and promote the Mangalitsa
pig?
• 2. What are the benefits of eating the
Mangalitsa pig?
• 3. What are the cultural benefits of
raising the Mangalitsa pig?
4. Answers to
Video
• 1. An active conservation program
promotes the breeding of the pig.
• 2.The pig is not genetically modified,
and the meat is healthier than other
meat.The pig grows more slowly,
• making the meat tastier.
• 3. Raising the pig encourages
biodiversity and promotes traditional
Hungarian culture.
5. Human Geography of Eastern Europe
History and Government
• Eastern Europe is a shatter belt, or region of
great political instability, that drove the area’s
Balkanization, or the division of the region into
smaller hostile regions.
• Yugoslavia attempted to reverse this process,
since it combined smaller regions into one
country, but it fell apart with the collapse of the
Soviet Union.
• Power struggles led to civil war and ethnic
cleansing, or the genocide of an ethnic group,
and Balkanization has continued with countries
declaring independence.
6. Eastern Europe is a shatter belt, or region of great political
instability, that drove the area’s Balkanization, or the division
of the region into smaller hostile regions.
7. Eastern Europe is a shatter belt, or region of great political
instability, that drove the area’s Balkanization, or the division
of the region into smaller hostile regions.
8. Yugoslavia attempted to reverse this process, since it combined
smaller regions into one country, but it fell apart with the
collapse of the Soviet Union.
9. • Power struggles led to civil war and ethnic cleansing, or
the genocide of an ethnic group, and Balkanization has
continued with countries declaring independence.
10. At the end of a three-month siege in Vukovar, the Serbian army
had destroyed the community. While the Serbian army achieved
its primary goal of consolidating their control over the Croatian
area of eastern Slavonia, there was nothing left of the town but
rubble. After the city fell, the Serbian army massacred at least 200
Croatian civilians
11.
12.
13. Population Patterns
• The Slavs are an ethnic group that includes
Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, and Macedonians.
• The Roma are of Indo-European origin and are
the largest minority population in Europe.
• The majority of people live in urban areas,
although there are large populations along the
Danube and Vistula Rivers.
• Eastern Europe experienced large migrations
during and after World War II with people
leaving to escape war and poor conditions.
Human Geography of Eastern Europe
14. The Slavs are an ethnic group that includes Serbs, Croats,
Slovenes, and Macedonians.
15. The Roma are of Indo-European origin and are the largest
minority population in Europe.
16. The majority of people live in urban areas, although there are
large populations along the Danube and Vistula Rivers.
17. The majority of people live in urban areas, although there are
large populations along the Danube and Vistula Rivers.
18. Eastern Europe experienced large migrations during and after
World War II with people leaving to escape war and poor
conditions.
19. Society and Culture Today
• Countries have faced economic challenges in the
transition to democratic governments.
• The area is marked by many different religious
and ethnic groups.
• The family is the basic social unit and serves to
reinforce social values.
• The long history of folk and classical music
makes it an important art form among peoples
of the region.
Human Geography of Eastern Europe
20. Countries have faced economic challenges in the transition
to democratic governments.
21. The fall of communism allowed eastern European
countries to transition to market economy systems and
new governments.
22. The area is marked by many different religious and ethnic
groups.
23. The area is marked by many different religious and ethnic
groups.
24. The family is the
basic social unit
and serves to
reinforce social
values.
25. The long history of
folk and classical
music makes it
an important art
form among
peoples of the
region.
26.
27. Economic Activities
• Over the past 20 years, Eastern Europe has
transitioned to a market economy.
• The region is known for low-cost, high quality
electronic and automotive manufacturing, but
still maintains its agricultural roots.
• As political stability has improved, the region
has become increasingly linked to Western
Europe through trade and, more recently, by
joining the European Union.
Human Geography of Eastern Europe
28. Over the past 20 years, Eastern Europe has transitioned to a
market economy.The region is known for low-cost, high quality
electronic and automotive manufacturing, but still maintains its
agricultural roots.
30. As political stability has improved, the region has become
increasingly linked to Western Europe through trade and, more
recently, by joining the European Union.