Vietnam has undergone significant economic and social transformation over the past 30 years, transitioning from one of the world’s poorest nations to a lower middle-income country. The World Bank's partnership has led to substantial investments and projects focused on sustainability, poverty reduction, and improving public health, ultimately benefiting millions and enhancing living standards. Despite these advances, challenges such as environmental degradation and the need for workforce skills adaptation remain critical for the country's ongoing development.

1. https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/vietnam/overview
-------------- Context ----------------
Vietnam’s development over the past 30 years has been
remarkable. Economic and political reforms under Đổi Mới,
launched in 1986, have spurred rapid economic growth,
transforming what was then one of the world’s poorest nations
into a lower middle-income country. Between 2002 and 2018,
more than 45 million people were lifted out of poverty. Poverty
rates declined sharply from over 70% to below 6% (US$3.2/day
PPP), and GDP per capita increased by 2.5 times, standing over
US$2,500 in 2018.
In the medium-term, Vietnam’s economic outlook is positive,
despite signs of cyclical moderation in growth. After peaking at
7.1% in 2018, real GDP growth in 2019 is projected to slightly
decelerate in 2019, led by weaker external demand and
continued tightening of credit and fiscal policies. Real GDP
growth is projected to remain robust at around 6.5% in 2020 and
2021. Annual headline inflation has been stable for the seven
consecutive years – at single digits, trending towards 4% and
below in recent years. The external balance remains under
control and should continue to be financed by strong FDI
inflows which reached almost US$18 billion in 2018 –
accounting for almost 24% of total investment in the economy.
Vietnam is experiencing rapid demographic and social change.
Its population reached 97 million in 2018 (up from about 60
million in 1986) and is expected to expand to 120 million before
moderating around 2050. Today, 70% of the population is under
35 years of age, with a life expectancy of 76 years, the highest
among countries in the region at similar income levels. But the
population is rapidly aging. And an emerging middle class,
currently accounting for 13% of the population, is expected to
reach 26% by 2026.
Vietnam ranks 48 out of 157 countries on the human capital

2. index (HCI), second in ASEAN behind Singapore. A
Vietnamese child born today will be 67% as productive when
she grows up as she could be if she enjoyed complete education
and full health. Vietnam’s HCI is highest among middle-income
countries, but there are some disparities within the country,
especially for ethnic minorities. There would also be a need to
upgrade the skill of the workforce to create productive jobs at a
large scale in the future.
Over the last thirty years, the provision of basic services has
significantly improved. Access of households to modern
infrastructure services has increased dramatically. As of 2016,
99% of the population used electricity as their main source of
lighting, up from 14 % in 1993. Access to clean water in rural
areas has also improved, up from 17% in 1993 to 70% in 2016,
while that figure for urban areas is above 95%.
Vietnam performs well on general education. Coverage and
learning outcomes are high and equitably achieved in primary
schools — evidenced by remarkably high scores in the Program
for International Student Assessment (PISA) in 2012 and 2015,
where the performance of Vietnamese students exceeds that of
many OECD countries. Health outcomes have improved in
tandem with rising living standards. Between 1990 and 2015,
the maternal mortality ratio fell from 139 to 54 deaths per
100,000 live births, and infant mortality dropped from 44 deaths
per 1,000 live births to 16.7. Vietnam’s universal health
coverage index is at 73 - higher than regional and global
averages - with 87% of the population covered.
In Vietnam, however, rapid growth and industrialization have
not been friendly to the environment and natural assets. Final
energy consumption tripled over the past decade, growing faster
than output. Energy intensity of GDP has been steadily
increasing. Demand for water continues to increase, while water
productivity is low, about 12 percent of global benchmarks.
Unsustainable exploitation of natural assets such as sand,
fisheries and timber could negatively affect potential for future
and long-term growth. Compounding the problem is the reality

3. that much of Vietnam’s population and economy is highly
vulnerable to climate impacts.
Urbanization and strong economic and population growth are
causing rapidly increasing waste management and pollution
challenges. Waste generation in Vietnam is expected to double
in less than 15 years. Linked to this is the issue of marine
plastics. Ninety percent of global marine plastic pollution is
estimated to come from just 10 in-land rivers, and the Mekong
river is one of them. Vietnam is among the ten countries
worldwide that are most affected by air pollution. Water
pollution has significant costs on productivity of key sectors
and human health.
The Government is aware of the need to lower the
environmental footprint of the country’s growth, to effectively
mitigate and adapt to climate change, and that addressing these
challenges also present opportunities to contribute to growth.
Key strategies and plans to stimulate green growth and
sustainable use of its natural assets are in place. The
Government is also implementing measures to mitigate and
adapt to climate change and address extreme weather events and
natural disasters by operationalizing its Nationally Determined
Contribution. The Government is also seriously assessing how
to urgently address water and air pollution, marine plastics and
need for solid waste management.
Last Updated: Oct 18, 2019
---------------------- Strategy --------------------
The current World Bank Group Country Partnership Framework
(CPF) for Vietnam guides the Bank Group's engagements in the
country from 2018 to 2022.
Endorsed on May 30, 2017, and reflecting and building on the
priorities identified and expressed in the World Bank Group's
2016 Systematic Country Diagnostic, the Vietnam 2035 Report,
and the Government of Vietnam’s 2016-2020 Socio-Economic
Development Plan (SEDP), the CPF has four priority areas:
· Enable inclusive growth and private sector participation;
· Invest in people and knowledge;

4. · Ensure environmental sustainability and resilience;
· Governance.
Building on the World Bank Group’s continued strong
engagement in Vietnam, the CPF introduces a number of
strategic shifts that will guide the Group’s work going forward:
· Comprehensive engagement to strengthen private sector
development and participation across sectors;
· Support to achieve the financial sustainability of public
services and transfers;
· Support to poverty reduction amongst ethnic minorities,
through livelihood and income generation activities;
· Multisector engagements to strengthen linkages between
education and the labor market; and
· Promote and stimulate low carbon energy generation.
The World Bank Group conducted a Performance and Learning
Review (PLR) of the CPF in early 2019. It confirmed the
relevance of the current CPF, aligned with the government of
Vietnam’s development objectives and demand for WBG
support. It also broadened engagements to improve the welfare
and development of ethnic minority groups and implementation
of Vietnam’s Nationally Determined Contributions to reductions
in greenhouse gas emissions under the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change.
Achievement of the objectives set forth in the CPF results
framework are largely on track, following the implementation of
a large WB lending portfolio that includes many projects
approved under IDA18 and IBRD, strong International Finance
Corporation (IFC) performance, and the implementation of a
comprehensive Advisory Services and Analytics (ASA)
portfolio supporting and informing key policy and reform areas.
Last Updated: Oct 18, 2019
---------------------- Results --------------------
As Vietnam transitions to a market-based economy, its
partnership with the World Bank since 1993 has yielded notable
results.
As of September 23, 2019, the Bank has provided US$24.44

5. billion in grants, credits and concessional loans to Vietnam
through 168 operations. Vietnam's existing portfolio consists of
44 active projects, with total net commitments of US$8.3
billion. In addition, Vietnam benefits from a large and diverse
portfolio of Advisory Services and Analytics (ASA), with 44
currently active tasks. Many ASA engagements leverage
country-level partnerships and trust funds from key
development partners.
Sustainable Development
Vietnam has been pursuing reforms and investments that aim to
promote green growth and address its high vulnerability to
climate change. The World Bank has supported Vietnam in
promoting this sustainability agenda across various sectors.
Through the Climate Change and Green Growth Development
Financing, the World Bank made a strong contribution to the
climate change and green growth reform agenda. One pillar
helped improve inter-sectoral coastal planning and mainstream
climate change into public investment across selected key
sectors. In addition, policies supported under this program
helped promote the uptake of water-efficient irrigation practices
and technologies and prompted provinces to establish protection
corridors for main water sources. Reforms brought about by this
program also contributed to improved energy efficiency of
household appliances and increased investment in renewable
energy, particularly solar.
The Coastal Resources for Sustainable Development introduced
tools and practices for better fisheries management by
authorities and fishermen alike, along eight coastal provinces in
Vietnam. Between 2012 and 2018, the project supported 40
coastal districts and 257 coastal communes to shift from
fragmented sectoral planning to an integrated spatial planning
for co-management of fisheries. The project also assisted
13,000 fishermen in adopting good aquaculture practices with
the introduction of new eco-friendly technologies, while helping
to improve the biosecurity infrastructure in which they operate.
The US$320-million Vietnam Renewable Energy Development

6. project introduced some of the first large-scale deployments of
renewable energy into Vietnam’s power mix, which has
significantly expanded today accounting for nearly 10% of
Vietnam’s power generation capacity. The project began in
2009, when renewable energy was still a new concept in
Vietnam and provided early-stage investment and technical
support to build the requisite capacity and incentives among all
stakeholders for scaled-up development. New policy
instruments were put in place, notably Power Purchase
Agreements avoiding the cost tariff formula. In addition, 19
new small hydropower plants were built with a total capacity of
320MW, which supplied an annual volume of 1,260GWh. All
these plants met new environmental and social best practices,
setting examples for others to follow.
Environmental Protection
The Vietnam Industrial Pollution Management Project has
significantly improved compliance with industrial wastewater
treatment regulations in four of the most industrialized
provinces in Vietnam. Between 2012 and 2018, the percentage
of industrial zones compliant with wastewater treatment
regulations increased from less than 30% to 72%. During the
same period, the percentage of those with a centralized effluent
treatment plant installed on-site increased from 60% to 98%.
This is significant given a 26.4%-increase in the number of
industrial zones and an alarming fact that at a national level, it
was estimated that 70% of water discharged from IZs were
untreated.
At the project closure in August 2019, the Vietnam Hospital
Waste Management Support Project helped reduce the
healthcare wastewater and solid waste by 30% and 33%. The
project financed the instalment of waste treatment system in 218
hospitals spreading 55 cities and provinces. The project also
contributed to strengthening the legal framework for medical
waste management in Vietnam.
Urban Development
The US$300-million Mekong Delta Region Urban Upgrading

7. Project has elevated low-income, low-lying areas into truly
livable urban spaces in six cities of the Mekong Delta Region.
At the time of closure in 2018, the six-year project improved
the living conditions of about 625,000 direct beneficiaries by
upgrading basic infrastructure. Some other two million
indirectly benefited from the city-wide infrastructure
improvements and the new social facilities. The long-term
benefits go beyond the life cycle of the project. The total
whole-life quantifiable benefits are estimated at approximately
US$724 million in terms of saving in healthcare costs,
productive time, flood control damage, as well as increase in
land prices.
Human Capital
Vietnam joined the Human Capital Project in 2019 with a two-
pronged objective: (i) improve nutrition, access to quality
secondary education and beyond, and transitions to good jobs
for ethnic minorities and (ii) enhance workforce development
for a changing economy. The World Bank has supported
Vietnam in reforming the educational system at all levels. The
US$100-million School Readiness Promotion Project, for
example, helped increase the access to full-day preschool to
84% of five-year-old children in 2015 from 66% in 2011. The
quality of preschool instruction improved through the
introduction of a child-centered learning approach for 250,000
ECE teachers. The Bank also provides strategic advice for
Vietnam on how to prepare its workforce for future jobs.
Poverty Reduction
Vietnam has made great strides in reducing poverty and
improving quality of life for millions. The World Bank has
worked closely with Vietnam in those early days and continues
to do so to address the last miles in poverty eradication as
approximately 8 million of Vietnamese people still lived with
less than US$3.2 per day in 2018. The Second Northern
Mountains Poverty Reduction Project, implemented in six
mountainous provinces in the poorest region of Vietnam during
2010-2018, exemplifies this productive partnership. The project,

8. with an IDA commitment of US$245 million, aimed at
enhancing the living standards of ethnic minorities by
improving their access to productive infrastructure, building
capacity of local governments and communities, and promoting
market linkages and business innovations. The project, which
benefited 192,000 households and resulted in a 16% increase in
incomes, provided good lessons for Government of Vietnam to
revise its poverty reduction policy and approach.
Governance Reforms
Improving the efficiency and integrity of the public sector is a
priority for the World Bank in Vietnam. The World Bank is
supporting Vietnam’s Office of the Government (OOG) in its
efforts to strengthen the delivery mechanisms in administrative
procedures and e-government reforms during the 2018-2020
period. In February, the Bank and OOG conducted a readiness
assessment to ascertain the potential for digital government
development in Vietnam. Earlier, the Bank conducted a ground-
breaking study to put conflict–of–interest issues into
perspective in Vietnam. The growing likelihood of conflicts of
interest resulting from greater interactions between the public
and private sectors highlights the need for the country to better
understand and effectively manage this issue.
Last Updated: Oct 18, 2019
ProcedureProdcedureIDProcedureNameProcedurePrepProcedure
LocationProcedureDuration001Yearly PhysicalNoneHershey
General Clinic30 minutes002Immunization ShotsNonePalmyra
Family Practice30 minutes003Stress TestFast 12 Hours clear
liquids no solid foodHershey Hospital1 hour 30
minutes004Physical TherapyNoneHershey Rehab Clinic2
hours005Flu VaccinationNoneHershey General Clinic30
minutes

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PatientsPatientIDPatientLastNamePatientFirstNamePatientCityP
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9101JenningsMaryMiddletownMillPA17057567-89-
1011NelsonSueCleonaSecondPA17987
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| DoctorID | DoctorLastName |
DoctorFirstName | DoctorSpecialty |
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| DOC001 | Johnson | Virginia
| Family Practice |
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| DOC002 | Miller | Alexis
| Pediatrics |
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| DOC003 | Stewart | Dave
| Cardiovascular |
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| DOC004 | Young | Phillip
| Rehabilitation |
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11. | DOC005 | Wentz | Carson
| Neurology |
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AppointmentsAppointmentIDAppointmentDateAppointmentTim
eAppointmentLocationADAM891000204-Oct-1912:00
P.M.Hershey HospitalJENN910100303-Oct-197:00
A.M.Palmyra Family PracticeJOHN789000102-Oct-1910:00
A.M.Hershey Rehab ClinicNELS101100509-Oct-199:30
A.M.Hershey General ClinicSMIT678900101-Oct-199:00
A.M.Hershey General Clinic
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MGT/IB 480 International Management
2020 Spring Group Project
This class is about how to be successful when conducting
business internationally. To achieve that, companies conduct

12. research to determine which foreign market they should expand
to and how they should manage their international expansion.
This project is designed to provide the foundation for these
critical decisions of a company.
Your group takes on the role of a consultant to an existing
company or a new enterprise. You need to pick a foreign
country that all of you are interested in, then provide that
company with a country analysis report. Within that report, you
will give advice on whether that foreign market is attractive and
where they can find business opportunities (can be selling
existing product/service there, developing new product/service
for that market, getting access to strategic resources like
technology knowledge, raw materials, labor). You will collect
information from library, internet and any other published
resource.
Your group should include related factors from these following
aspects,
1. Introduction
a. A general description of the foreign market you are interested
in.
b. Recommend one or more business opportunities in that
foreign market for your client. Provide evidence to support
your proposal (you can provide detailed evidence in following
sections).
2. Economic Geographic Environment
a. Summary of related geographic factors (can be natural
resources, location, major industries, imports, and exports for
the country, determined by your client).
b. An overview of the economic environment and infrastructure.
c. Possible concerns and your suggestion.
3. Social-Cultural Environment
a. An overview of demographic trends that could influence
global business activities.
b. A description of cultural factors, social institutions, and
informal trade barriers that could affect global business
activities.

13. c. Possible troubles and recommended actions for company.
4. Political Legal Environment
a. An overview of government regulations, taxes, and formal
trade barriers that affect global business activities.
b. Conditions of intellectual property rights and regulations.
c. Possible troubles and recommended actions for company.
5. Analyzing International Competitors
a. Identify domestic and international companies involved in
similar business global business activities
b. Discuss the competitive advantages of these companies