This document summarizes a class on human and artificial sensing. It discusses how the human ear detects sound through the outer, middle and inner ear, and how sound is transformed into electrical signals. It compares the human range of hearing to other animals. It also describes how artificial microphones and cochlear implants detect and process sound. An example of audio classification with machine learning is provided, outlining the process of converting audio to digital data, extracting features, and training a model to classify sounds. The class will next cover light, smell, taste, touch, and internal human sensing compared to artificial versions.
Sensation and perception are two separate processes that are very closely related. Sensation is input about the physical world obtained by our sensory receptors, and perception is the process by which the brain selects, organizes, and interprets these sensations.
I made this presentation to support a hearing impaired student in my class. The idea is to talk about what sound is, how we hear and about hearing impairments.
Sensation and perception are two separate processes that are very closely related. Sensation is input about the physical world obtained by our sensory receptors, and perception is the process by which the brain selects, organizes, and interprets these sensations.
I made this presentation to support a hearing impaired student in my class. The idea is to talk about what sound is, how we hear and about hearing impairments.
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 13, Sound, Science, Class 8
WHAT IS SOUND?
INTRODUCTION TO SOUND
SOUND-PRODUCING MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
SOUND PROPERTIES
HOW DO HUMANS PRODUCE SOUND?
HOW SOUND PROPAGATE IN A MEDIUM?
SOUNDS BY HUMANS
THERE ARE THREE MAJOR PARTS OF THE HUMAN EAR
AMPLITUDE, TIME PERIOD, AND FREQUENCY
THE LOUDNESS OF A SOUND
PITCH OF THE SOUND
AUDIBLE AND INAUDIBLE SOUNDS
NOISE AND MUSIC
NOISE POLLUTION
CAUSES OF NOISE POLLUTION
EFFECTS OF NOISE POLLUTION
PREVENTION OF NOISE POLLUTION
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (Entrepreneur)
Hearing aids is the sound-amplify devices designed to the aid people to who have of a hearing impairment.The Most hearing aids to the share several of similar electronic components, including a microphone to
that the picks up the sound; amplifier circuitry to that makes the sound louder and the miniature loudspeaker (receiver) that the delivery to the amplified sound to the ear canal and batteries that
of power the electronic parts.Get the more information Hearing aid about this site(Hearing Solutions).
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 13, Sound, Science, Class 8
WHAT IS SOUND?
INTRODUCTION TO SOUND
SOUND-PRODUCING MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
SOUND PROPERTIES
HOW DO HUMANS PRODUCE SOUND?
HOW SOUND PROPAGATE IN A MEDIUM?
SOUNDS BY HUMANS
THERE ARE THREE MAJOR PARTS OF THE HUMAN EAR
AMPLITUDE, TIME PERIOD, AND FREQUENCY
THE LOUDNESS OF A SOUND
PITCH OF THE SOUND
AUDIBLE AND INAUDIBLE SOUNDS
NOISE AND MUSIC
NOISE POLLUTION
CAUSES OF NOISE POLLUTION
EFFECTS OF NOISE POLLUTION
PREVENTION OF NOISE POLLUTION
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (Entrepreneur)
Hearing aids is the sound-amplify devices designed to the aid people to who have of a hearing impairment.The Most hearing aids to the share several of similar electronic components, including a microphone to
that the picks up the sound; amplifier circuitry to that makes the sound louder and the miniature loudspeaker (receiver) that the delivery to the amplified sound to the ear canal and batteries that
of power the electronic parts.Get the more information Hearing aid about this site(Hearing Solutions).
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve Thomason
Hpai class 7 - hearing - 021920
1. CIIC 5995-100 / ICOM 5995-100
Human Perspective in Artificial Intelligence
(HPAI)
Professor José Meléndez, PhD
"Music is the universal language of mankind."
- Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882)
2. Previously in HPAI CIIC/ICOM 5995
• The “Environment” is Reality
• Only 5 types of Sensible
Energies or Interactions.
• Our “Representations” of our
Observable Environment Create
Our Realities
• Human senses only detect a
very small part of what is
sensible of Reality
• Some animals can do better…
3. Next Up – Human vs. Artificial Sensing
• Sound Sensing
• How we Hear
• Frequency Range
• Dynamic Ranges
• Artificial Hearing
• Light Sensing
• Smell Sensing
• Taste Sensing
• Touch Sensing
• Internal Sensing
4. Human Ear – aka “Mic”
• Outer Ear collects vibrating air to move Ear Drum
• Middle Ear couples energy into vibrating bones
• Inner Ear couples energy into vibrating fluid
• Vibrating Cochlea hairs transform energy into electrical impulses
17. Sound Intensity vs. Volume
http://hearinglosshelp.com/blog/converting-decibels-to-sound-intensities/
18. Sound Range at Middle Frequency
http://www.cochlea.org/en/hear/human-auditory-range
At 1-2 kHz
19. Sound Range at Middle Frequency
http://www.cochlea.org/en/hear/human-auditory-range
• Human conversation takes place well within the frequency range heard
• How low a volume we can hear varies with frequency
• How high a volume we can hear also varies with frequency
23. Next Up – Human vs. Artificial Sensing
• Sound Sensing
• Artificial Hearing
• Light Sensing
• Smell Sensing
• Taste Sensing
• Touch Sensing
• Internal Sensing
24. Alexander Graham Bell’s Mic
• Upper Box collects vibrating air to move Lower Diaphragm (“Drum”)
• Drum couples energy into attached vibrating Pin
• Pin contact area with conducting fluid (acid) changes
• Vibrating energy transforms into oscillating electrical current
https://www.antiquetelephonehistory.com/images/first-liquid.jpg
25. • Microphones transform vibrations into digital audio signals
• Digital audio signals transmitted inside ear by radio frequencies
• RF signals converted to electrical impulses at electrode array in cochlea
Cochlear Implants, Blausen.com staff (2014). "Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014"
Cochlear Implants
26. Sound Sensors – “Microphones”
Courtesy of Vesper
• Vibrating air moves Diaphragm
• Vibrating Diaphragm and
“backplate” transform energy
into electrical capacitance
27. Sound Sensors – “Microphones”
Courtesy of Vesper
• Vibrating air moves Plates
• Plates couple energy into
vibrating Piezoelectric Film
• Vibrating Piezoelectric film
transforms energy into
electrical charge
30. Human Sound Applications of AI
• Voice Machine Communications
• Audio Fingerprinting
• Audio Classification / Labeling
• Voice to Text
• Audio Source Separation
• Audio Search
• Music Transcription
• Voice Language Translation
• Music Recommendation
SOME EXAMPLES
31. Audio Classification Example
• Audio Detection (microphone)
• Convert vibrational energy to analog electric signals
• Convert analog electric signals to digital data
• Digitization and Storage
• Convert digital data to audio file format of choice
• Save data
• Access and Conditioning
• Convert saved data back to digital data
• Extract features of interest from the audio data
• Train AI on the selected features
33. Audio Classification Example
Audio Signal Chain – Analog to Digital Conversion
Resolution = 2b where b= # of bits (16-24 typical)
Sampling Frequency (> typically 2x maximum content frequency)
https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2017/08/audio-voice-processing-deep-learning/
