The document discusses solving "wicked problems" using a human-centric approach like design thinking. It explains that wicked problems have no clear solution and their understanding evolves over time as potential solutions are tested. In contrast, "tame problems" can be solved through deductive reasoning and established algorithms. The document then outlines design thinking techniques like defining user personas, brainstorming solutions, rapid prototyping, and validating ideas with users to iteratively understand and address wicked problems. It proposes an "Ice House Design Dojo" workshop series bringing together different thinking approaches to solve challenges.

1. How to solve any problem?
by using a human-centric approach…
Image Credit: Pexels

2. How do we define a Problem?
Tame Problem Wicked Problem
“One that can be solved by choosing
and applying the correct algorithm.”
“A wicked problem, however, is one for
which there is no known algorithm to
solve it.”
Problem Solutions
Problem
Solutions
More
Problems
More
Solutions

3. Wicked Problem
Problem Characteristics
Tame Problem
Turn On Electric Bulb
Solution: Success or Failed
Designing a Mouse
Solution: How do you know
User need 1 or 2 buttons?

4. Wicked Problem
In Summary
Tame Problem
1 | 0Result
The problem solved entirely: Failed or Success
Good Bad
result
Solution is not Failed or Success but Good or Bad.
The problem never solved entirely.
No Stopping Rule
There’s an end called solution
Solution can be copied:
“Do not reinvent the wheel”
Problem is Unique in novel ways:
Solution is customized
Problem Solution New Problem New Solution
Problem is not understood until after formulation of solution:
Therefore the Solution changed overtime.
Same rule can be applied overtime
Solution Same Same

5. Inductive Reasoning
Specific Observation => General Conclusion
Observation 1: “Swan A is White”
Observation 2: “Swan B is White”
Observation 3: “Swan C is also White.”
Conclusion : “Every Swan is White.”
General Conclusion => Specific Observation
X X
Conclusion : “Every Man is Mortal”
Hypothesis : “Socrates is a Man”
Conclusion Deduced: “Socrates is Mortal”
Deductive Reasoning
Incomplete Observation => Best Prediction
Hypothesis : “If it rained last night, it would be
unsurprising that the lawn is wet”
Observation : “Lawn is wet”
Abduction 1 : “If we remove ‘rain last night’,
would the lawn still wet?”
Conclusion 1 : “Yes, because of lawn sprinklers”
Abductive Reasoning
What are Our Options?
?
?
?

6. How Do we Solve Wicked Problem?
Wicked ProblemTame Problem
Design ThinkingBusiness Thinking
Answer:
No right answer,
Optimize everything
• Optimize your Revenue
• Optimize your Profit
• Optimize your Cost Reduction
Answer:
No right answer,
Sneak into the future
By creating Prototype and
Test the solution (Synthesis)
Engineering Thinking
Answer:
Deduct the problem (Analysis),
Find the right algorithm,
Not reinvent the wheel
Good Bad
currentplan
X X
?
?
?Profit Person

7. How Do we Solve Wicked Problem?
Design Thinking
?
?
?
Source: http://uxpamagazine.org/using-your-logical-powers/
That’s right.
We’re going to talk about Design Thinking…

8. Myth #1: Design Thinking is only about Designer
image: http://dschool.stanford.edu/our-point-of-view/#radical-collaboration

9. Problem
Solving
Interface
Experience
#Desirability
#Usability
Art
Functionality
Myth #2: Design Thinking is only about Art
“Design is the process of going from an
existing condition to a preferred one.
Observe that there’s no relationship to art.”
Milton Glaser
Graphic Design Legend

10. Let’s talk about #Desirability
de·sir·a·bil·i·ty
dəˌzī(ə)rəˈbilədē/
noun
the quality of being desirable.
"we agree on the desirability of a negotiated settlement"
synonyms: appeal, attractiveness, allure

11. #Desirability: When Did It Start?
Skinner’s Box
Operant
“It was started in 1930.
In the field of Psychology…”
Positive Reinforcement
B.F. Skinner
Father of Behaviourism

12. So What Skinner’s Box means…
Behaviourism
1. The operant can be anything, either it’s a Mouse or a Man
2. The box (environment) can be also anything, either it’s a Box or an App
3. Positive Reinforcement (Rewards) are needed to shape the operant’s
behaviour and hooked it with the box’s behaviour
source:
https://www.1843magazine.com/features/the-scientists-who-make-apps-addictive
“Understand the box and you understand the behaviour.
Design the right box and you can control behaviour.”

13. #Desirability: How to be desired?
Motivation Ability
Trigger
Operant should
want to do it
Operant should be
able to do it
Operant should be
prompted to do it
The moment where
Operant/Users will love you

14. #Desirability: Fogg’s Behavior Model
Triggers
Succeed Here
Ability
Motivation
Hard To Do Easy To Do
High
Motivation
Low
Motivation
A
ction
Line
Triggers
Fails Here
B = m a t
B : behaviour
m : motivation
a : ability
t : triggers
source: https://www.behaviormodel.org

15. Let’s go to #Usability
us′a·bil′i·ty
adjective
Capable of being used: usable byproducts.
“Computer program that is really simple and easy to use to perform
desired tasks is an example of a program that has a good usability rating.”
synonyms: serviceability n.practice, help, benefit
enough with #Desirability

16. #Usability: How we compose solution?
Design Sprint - Process
Source: https://developers.google.com/design-sprint/downloads/DesignSprint-NewFormFactors.pdf

17. #Understand:
Define your challenge
Source: https://developers.google.com/design-sprint/downloads/DesignSprint-NewFormFactors.pdf

18. “Focusing on user personas early in the
design process helps us build software
that solves real user problems”
“It is also a good opportunity to practice
these human-centered design skills”
#Understand:
Define your personas
Source: https://developers.google.com/design-sprint/downloads/DesignSprint-NewFormFactors.pdf

19. + =
#Diverge:
Brainstorm the solution, Anything is Possible
Ideas Backlog
Source: https://developers.google.com/design-sprint/downloads/DesignSprint-NewFormFactors.pdf

20. #Decide:
Choose the best & possible Ideas
Source: https://developers.google.com/design-sprint/downloads/DesignSprint-NewFormFactors.pdf

21. #Prototype:
Transform Your Ideas into Prototypes, Rapid Prototype
Source: https://developers.google.com/design-sprint/downloads/DesignSprint-NewFormFactors.pdf

22. #Validate:
Validate your Prototypes and get feedback
Source: https://developers.google.com/design-sprint/downloads/DesignSprint-NewFormFactors.pdf

23. at Ice House,
we’re not only doing Engineering Thinking…

24. #IDEA
Ice House Design Dojo
Source: http://dschool.stanford.edu/our-point-of-view/#radical-collaboration
• A Class to solve problems using various
methodologies and thinking framework:
Engineering, Design, and Business
• Small Team: 8 - 10 Persons
• 2 Times a Month, after office hours
• Open for everyone, internally and externally
• First enrolment: Internal
• Speaker can be from External (e.g. Ice
House Alumni)

25. Engineering Thinking Design ThinkingBusiness Thinking
Good Bad
currentplan
?
?
?
Business
Model
Canvas
Design
Sprint
Lean
Startup
Monetization
and ValuationX XAgile
#IDEA
Some parts that we’re going to discuss…

26. more info, contact:
rangga@icehousecorp.com
Fin.
btw, we’re also hiring:
https://www.icehousecorp.com/careers/