How Metals are made

1. HOW METALS ARE MADE
Reported By: Mechanical Group

2. What is a METAL?

3. What is a METAL?
▪ A metal (from Greek μέταλλον métallon,
“mine, quarry, metal”) is a material (an
element, compound, or alloy) that is
typically hard, opaque, shiny, and has
good electrical and thermal conductivity.

4. What is a METAL?
• Metals are generally malleable — that
is, they can be hammered or pressed
permanently out of shape without
breaking or cracking — as well
as fusible (able to be fused or melted)
and ductile (able to be drawn out into a
thin wire).

5. ▪ About 91 of the 118 elements in the periodic
table are metals (some elements appear in
both metallic and non-metallic forms).

6. HISTORY of METALS

7. HISTORY of METALS
▪ The nature of metals has fascinated mankind for
many centuries, because these materials provided
people with tools of unsurpassed properties both
in war and in their preparation and processing.
▪ Sterling gold and silver were known to man since
the Stone Age. Lead and silver were fused from
their ores as early as the fourth millennium BC.

8. HISTORY of METALS
▪ All elements that occur in nature can be
divided into metals and non metals. Metals
conduct heat and electricity, are hard,
deformable, shiny, etc. Copper, gold, silver tin
and zinc are all metals.

9. HISTORY of METALS
▪ All metals are found in the earth, but most are
not found in their pure state. Gold, platinum
and sometimes copper and silver are found in
their pure state. Gold, platinum and
sometimes copper and silver are found in
their pure states, but most are found as ores.

10. HISTORY of METALS
▪ An ore is a combination of metal and other
elements such as oxygen, sulfur and carbon,
which are removed by heating the metal,
called smelting.

11. HISTORY of METALS
▪ THERE ARE 6 METALS USED BY
PREHISTORIC MAN.
▪ 1. GOLD

12. HISTORY of METALS
▪ 2. SILVER

13. HISTORY of METALS
▪ 3. LEAD

14. HISTORY of METALS
▪ 4. COPPER

15. HISTORY of METALS
▪ 5.TIN

16. HISTORY of METALS
▪ 6. IRON

17. How metals are
formed?

18. How metals are formed?
▪ Metals are an integral part of our planet and
are found in almost all rocks and soils. Most
metals form compounds, called minerals,
which are naturally occurring, inorganic solids
with regular chemical compositions and
crystal structures

19. How metals are formed?
▪ Although most metal-bearing mineral
compositions comprise several elements,
there are a few exceptions such as gold, which
is found in its elemental form as a mineral
called native gold.

20. How metals are formed?
▪ Most minerals grow in liquids, sometimes
forming where molten rocks from beneath
the earth's crust cool and harden.
▪ These metal-containing rocks are called ores.

21. How metals are formed?
▪ Some metal elements do not combine easily
with other elements.
▪ These metals, like gold, silver and platinum,
occur naturally in the earth's crust as small
grains, or as larger lumps of metal.

22. HISTORY of METALS
▪ Most of the metals we use are not pure of
elemental metals; they are alloys. Alloys are
prepared from two or more metals.
▪ Copper and tin are mixed to form bronze.

23. HISTORY of METALS
▪ Copper and zinc make up brass, used in many
musical instruments.
▪ Alloys are made by heating up each of the
solid metals until they form a liquid. This
liquid is then mixed and cooled.

24. WHAT IS THE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
METAL AND STEEL?

25. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
METAL AND STEEL?
▪ The terms metal and steel are constantly used
in the same capacity but are they really the
same?

26. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
METAL AND STEEL?
▪ If you've ever seen steel, a popular material
for construction and consumer products, it
certainly looks and feels like a hard metal. But
looks can be deceiving.

27. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
METAL AND STEEL?
▪ A metal is a chemical element of various opaque,
fusible, ductile and lustrous substances [source:
Merriam-Webster].
▪ The elements referred to in that definition are the
same ones you studied when you learned about the
periodic table of the elements in high school
chemistry. Some common metals are titanium,
copper and nickel.

28. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
METAL AND STEEL?
▪ Steel, on the other hand, is an alloy of iron with
varying amounts of carbon content (from 0.5 to 1.5
percent).
▪ Steel, being an alloy and therefore not a pure
element, is not technically a metal but a variation
on one instead. It's partially composed of a metal,
iron, but because it also has non-metal carbon in its
chemical make-up, it's not a pure metal.

29. PROCESSING METAL

30. PROCESSING METAL

31. PROCESSING METAL
▪ The steelmaking process starts with the
processing of iron ore.The rock containing
iron ore is ground and the ore is extracted
using magnetic rollers.

32. PROCESSING METAL
▪ Fine-grained iron ore is processed into coarse-
grained clumps for use in the blast furnace.

33. PROCESSING METAL
▪ Coal is cleaned of impurities in a coke furnace,
yielding an almost pure form of carbon. A
mixture of iron ore and coal is then heated in
a blast furnace to produce molten iron, or pig
iron, from which steel is made.

34. PROCESSING METAL
▪ About 12% of our steel is made from recycled
steel.

35. METAL FACTS

36. METAL FACTS
▪ Metals are usually solid, good conductors of
electricity and heat, shiny when clean, strong
and malleable (meaning they can be bent and
shaped).
▪ Gold is shiny and doesn’t corrode, this means
it is a great metal for making jewelry.

37. METAL FACTS
▪ While aluminum is the most common metal
found in the Earth's crust, the most common
metal found on Earth is iron, mostly because
it makes up such a large part of the Earth's
core.
▪ It is by mass the most common element on
Earth, forming much of Earth's outer and
inner core.

38. METAL FACTS
▪ Copper is a good conductor of electricity and
is often used for making wires.
▪ At room temperature, mercury is the only
metal that is in liquid form.

39. METAL FACTS
▪ Aluminum is a good conductor of heat and is
often used to make cooking pots.
▪ Metals are strong and are useful for making
tools, buildings, bridges and other structures
where strength is important.

40. METAL FACTS
▪ Steel is an important alloy (combination of
metals) that is created from a mixture of
metals, mostly iron.
▪ There are many different types of steel
including stainless steel, galvanized steel and
carbon steel. Steel is commonly used to make
a number of products including knives,
machines, train rails, cars, motors and wires.

41. METAL FACTS
▪ Bronze is a metal alloy made from copper and
tin. Copper makes up the larger amount,
usually between 80 to 95%.

42. RECYCLED STEEL